6.6.

Design of pier CAP

Material Properties
Type of concrete: Class A
fc'= 24.00 Mpa
gc = 25.00 KN/m3
Type of steel : Grade-S460
fy= 400.00 MPa
Others modular ratio n=Es/Ec= 9
fmoment = 0.9
fshear = 0.85
b= 0.85
Design Method...... Load factor Design

6.6.1. Design for flexure

6.6.1.1. At the support
moment Mu = 427 KNm (SAP)

1.5m

0.84

Ai Yi Ai*Yi (Y-Yi)^2 Ai(Y-Yi)^2 Ioi

1 0.825 0.6 0.495 0.0048393194707 0.003992438563 0.0792
2 0.44 0.4 0.176 0.0170132325142 0.007485822306 0.023

∑ Ai= 1.265 ∑ AiYi= 0.671 ∑ Ai(Y-Yi)^2= 0.01147826087 Σ Ioi= 0.1022

Y= ∑ AiYi 0.5304347826087
∑ Ai
Ig= Σ Ioi +Σ Ai(Y-Yi)^2
0.113678260869565
Mcr = frIg/yt fr = 0.623*sqrt(fc')
Mcr = 654.09 KNm fr = 3.05 Mpa
1.2Mcr = 784.91 KNm
Reinforcement
i. nominal reinforcemnent
b= 1100 mm
D= 1000 mm
using ф 24mm bars 24 mm
d=D-Cover-ф/2= 928 mm
ρmin ≥ 0.03fc'/fy= 0.001800
ρ = (1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')))(fc'/(1.176*fy)
(fc'/(1.176*fy) = 0.05102
1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')) = 0.02485
ρ= 0.00127 > ρmin = 0.0018 NOT OK
use ρ= 0.001800

As = ρbd = 1837.44 mm2

S = ((π*(Ø/2)^2)*b)/AS = 270.83 mm
 Provide Ø24 c/c 200mm, ASprovided = 1837.419 mm²

ii minimum bottom reinforcement

provide minimum reinforcement for temperature and shrinkage
Asmin = ρminbd 1837.44 mm²
using ф 20
S = ((π*(Ø/2)^2)*b)/AS = 188.07 mm
Take S = 200 mm
Provide Ø20 c/c 200mm, ASprovided = 1727.876 mm²
6.6.1.2 At the mid span

Minimum design moment

Mcr = frIg/yt
Mcr = 654.09 KNm
1.2Mcr = 784.91 KNm
Frame analysis moment

Mu = 240.00 KNm (SAP)

Md= 319.20 KNm
i. nominal reinforcement
ρ = (1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')))(fc'/(1.176*fy)
(fc'/(1.176*fy) = 0.051
1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')) = 0.01852
ρ= 0.00094 > ρmin = 0.0018
use ρ= 0.001800
As = ρbd = 1980 mm²
useф 20
S = ((π*(Ø/2)^2)*b)/AS = 174.53 mm
Provide Ø 20 c/c 200mm, ASprovided = 1980.033 mm²
6.6.2 design for shear
Normal shear resistance Vn is the lesser of , Vn = VC + VS + VP or
Vn = 0.25fc'bVdV + VP
In which the nominal shear resistence of concrete Vc = 0.083β√fc'bVdV, traditional vaiue of β = 2.0
Nominal stirrup shear resistence, Vs = AVfydV(cotθ + cotα)
S
6.6.2.1for cantilever side
Vu 953 kn (SAP)
Mu 249 KNm (SAP)
Step 1
Determine VU and MC at distance d from the support
a = Asfy/0.85fc'beff 32.75
de=d 928 mm
d - a/2 = 911.63
dV = max of 0.9d = 835.2
0.72d = 668.16
dv 911.63 mm

Step 2 Calculate the shear stress ratio VC/fc'

Vc= VU/ⱷbVdV = 1.12 N/mm2
VC/fc' = 0.046666666666667
 Step 3
Estimate an initial value of Ɵ and calculate εx
first trial θ = 35 , cotθ= 1.428, ES= 200GPa
0

εx = MC/dV + 0.5VUcotθ = ≤ 0.001

2ESAS
εx = 0.0014
Step 4
Use the calculated values of VU/fC' & εx to determine Ɵ from Table 5.8.3.4.2-1 of AASHTO 2005
θ= 34.9 cotθ = 1.4335 Ф= 0.90
εx = 1.40E-03 θ= 35.2 cotθ = 1.4176
β= 2.41
VC = 0.083βbVdV√ fC' = 982.67984692397 KN
VS = VU/ⱷ -VC = 76.209041964922 KN
Using Ø 12 mm, bar AV = 226.08 mm²
sreq ≤ AVfy dvcotθ = 1550 mm
VS
smax ≤ AVfy = 200 mm
0.083bv√fc'
VU >= 0.1fC'/bVdV = 2406.7032 KN
S <=0.8*dv <=600mm
S ≤ 0.8*dv 729.304 mm
Take S = 600 mm
S ≤ 0.4*dV = 364.652 mm
Take S = 300 mm
use S = 200 mm
6.6.2.2. for interior part
Vu 828 KN (SAP)
Mu 240 KNm (SAP)
Step 1
Determine VU and MC at distance d from the support
a = Asfy/0.85fc'beff 35.29
de=d 930 mm
d - a/2 = 912.36
dV = max of 0.9d = 837
0.72D = 720
dv 912.36 mm
Step 2 Calculate the shear stress ratio VC/fc'
Vc= VU/ⱷbVdV = 0.97 N/mm2
VC/fc' = 0.04
Step 3
Estimate an initial value of Ɵ and calculate εx
first trial θ = 35 , cotθ= 1.428, ES= 200GPa
0

εx = MC/dV + 0.5VUcotθ = ≤ 0.001

2ESAS
εx = 0.001
Step 4
Use the calculated values of VU/fC' & εx to determine Ɵ from Table 5.8.3.4.2-1 of AASHTO 2005
θ= 32.7 cotθ = 1.56 Ф= 0.90
εx = 1.00E-03 θ= 35.2 cotθ = 1.42
 β= 2.41
VC = 0.083βbVdV√ fC' = 983.467 KN
VS = VU/ⱷ -VC = -63.467 KN
Using Ø 12 mm bar, AV = 226.08 mm²
Sreq ≤ AVfy dvcotθ = -1845990 mm
VS
Smax ≤ AVfy = 200 mm
0.083bv√fc'
VU >=0.1fC'bVdV = 2408.6304 KN
S <=0.8*dv <=600mm
S ≤ 0.8*dv 729.888 mm
Take S 600 mm
S ≤ 0.4*dV = 364.944 mm
Take S = 300 mm
use S = 200 mm
6.7. Design of bracing
6.7.1 Design for flexure
6.7.1.1 At the supprt
moment (MU)= 31.49 KNm

0.6
0.5
D= 600 mm
b= 500 mm
d= 530 mm
ρ = (1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')))(fc'/(1.176*fy)
(fc'/(1.176*fy) = 0.051
1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')) = 0.00073268089433
ρ= 0.00004 > ρmin = 0.0018
use ρ= 0.001800
As = ρbd = 477 mm²
useф 20
S = ((π*(Ø/2)^2)*b)/AS = 329.31 mm
Provide Ø20 c/c 300mm, ASprovided = 476.996 mm²
6.7.1.2 At the mid span
moment (MU)= 31.21 KNm
d= 530 mm
b= 500 mm
ρ = (1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')))(fc'/(1.176*fy)
(fc'/(1.176*fy) = 0.051
1-√(1-(2.352Mu/ⱷbd²fc')) = 0.00073
ρ= 0.00004 > ρmin = 0.0018
ρ= 0.001800
As = ρbd = 29.77434 mm²
useф 20
S = ((π*(Ø/2)^2)*b)/AS = 329.31 mm

6.7.2 design for shear

shear force(Vu)= 53.99 KN (SAP)
moment (Mu)= 31.21 KNm (SAP)
renforcement (As)= 476.996 mm2
Step 1
 Determine VU and MC at distance d from the support
a = Asfy/0.85fc'beff 18.71
de=d 530 mm
d - a/2 = 520.65
dV = max of 0.9d = 477
0.72d = 381.6
dv 520.65 mm
Step 2 Calculate the shear stress ratio VC/fc'
Vc= VU/ⱷbVdV = 0.24 N/mm2
VC/fc' = 0.01
Step 3
Estimate an initial value of Ɵ and calculate εx
first trial θ = 350, cotθ= 1.428, ES= 200GPa

εx = MC/dV + 0.5VUcotθ = ≤ 0.001

2ESAS
εx = 0.0005
Step 4
Use the calculated values of VU/fC' & Ԑx to determine Ɵ from Table 5.8.3.4.2-1 of AASHTO 2005
θ= 32.7 cotθ = 1.558
εx = 5.00E-04 θ= 35.2 cotθ = 1.428
β= 2.41
VC = 0.083βbVdV√ fC' = 255.104 KN
VS = VU/ⱷ -VC = -195.115 KN
Using Ø 12 mm, bar AV = 226.08 mm²
sreq ≤ AVfy dvcotθ = -344592.29122518 mm
VS
smax ≤ AVfy = 440 mm
0.083bv√fc'
VU >= 0.1fC'bVdV = 624.78 KN
S <=0.8*dv <=600mm
S ≤ 0.8*dV 416.52 mm
take S 416.52 mm
S ≤ 0.4*dV = 208.26 mm
Take S = 208.26 mm
use S = 208 mm
6.8. Column design
6.8.1 Material Properties
Unit weight of concrete γ concrete 25 Kn/m3
Concrete compressive strength (C30) 24 Mpa
Tensile strength of steel

grade S460 400 Mpa

Ec=.043g c sqrt(fc')
1.5
26332.015 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
Allowable bearing capacity (Ultimate bearing cap.)= 1000 kpa
6.8.2 Circular Column

Column diameter= 1000 mm

Column area, Ag= 785398.16 mm2
Side Cover= 50 mm
Vertical reinforcing bar diameter= 32 mm
Steel area= 804.25 mm 2

Type of transverse reinforcement= Tie

Tie Spacing= 201
Use Tie Spacing= 190 mm
Use Transverse reinforcement bar= 10 mm
Transverse reinforcement bar area= 78.54 mm2

6.8.3. Applied moments and shears

From the load analysis of the bent, the maximum load effects at the critical location were obtained
and are
Table 6.3. Maximum load effects at the critical location
column AB Column CB
PDL(KN) Pu(KN) M1(kNm) M2(kNm) PDL(kN) PU(KN) M1(kNm) M2(kNm)
591.2 783 209 13.7 427 643 130 28.9
Column Bd Column C E
PDL(KN) Pu(KN) M1(knm) M2(knm) PDL(KN) PU(KN) M1(kNm) M2(kNm)
591.2 1003 1456 546 427 875 48.22 31.2
6.8.4. Check limits for reinforcement in compression members
The maximum area of non prestressed longitudinal reinforcement for non-composite compression
components shall be such that:
As/Ag < = 0.08
Where:
As=area of non prestressed tension steel
Ag=gross area of section
As/Ag = 0.001024
Condition: OK !!
The minimum area of non prestressed longitudinal reinforcement for non-composite compression
components shall be such that:
As*fy/(Ag*fc') > = 0.135

6.8.5. Slenderness effects

The slenderness ratio is calculated as k*Iu/r
Where:
 k=effective length factor taken as 1.2 in the plane of the bent and 2.1
in the direction perpendicular to the bent
Iu=un braced length calculated as
distance from the top of the footing to the bottom of the cap
r=radius of gyration
0.25*diameter of the circular columns
For a column to be considered slender , k*Iu/r should exceed 22

K value Iu r
1.2 2.1 2620 250
Slenderness ratio in the plane of the bent = 12.576
Condition: The column is not Slender
Slenderness ratio out of the plane of the bent = 22.008
Condition: The column is Slender

6.8.6. Moment Magnification in the bent

Mc= db*M2b+ds*M2s
Where:
db = Cm / [1-(Pu/fPe)] > = 1
ds = 1/[1-ΣPu/fΣPe]
Where: Cm=parametre of the effect of moment-curvature
=1 for members not braced for sidesway
Pe = Euler buckling load (k)
=Pi2*EI/(K*Iu)
EI=column flexural stiffness calculated as
and is taken as the greater of:
EI= [EcIg/5 +EsIs]/(1+bd)
AND
EI= [EcIg/2.5]/(1+bd)
Where: EC=Modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ig=moment of inertia of gross concrete section about the
centroidal axis
bd=ratio of the maximum factored permanent load moment to the
maximum factored total load moment,always positive.This can be
determined for each separate load case, or for simplicity as shown here
,it can be taken as the ratio of the maximum factored permanent load
from all cases to the maximum factord total load moment from all cases
at the point of interest.
f= 0.75, resistance factor for axial compression
6.8.1. Longitudinal direction
column AB
Table 6.4. Calculation of EI
Ec(KN) Ig(mm2) Pu(KN) PDL(KN) bd EI
26332.01473492 0.05 783 591.2 0.7550447 300.0723

Table 6.5. Calculation of Euler buckling load Pc

EI K Iu Pc
300.072297153859 2.1 2620 9680.7485

Table 6.6. Computation of moment magnification factor (db )

Cm f ΣPu ΣPc db
1 0.75 783 9680.7485 1.1208788

columnBC
 Table 6.7. Calculation of EI
Ec Ig Pu PDL bd EI
300.0722971539 0.05 1003 427 0.4257228 4.2094058

Table 6.8. Calculation of Euler buckling load Pc

EI K Iu PC
4.20940579084365 2.1 2620 135.80127

Table 6.9. Computation of moment magnification factor (db )

Cm f ΣPu ΣPc db
1 0.75 1003 135.80127 -0.113023
4. determining the requred reinforcement
column AB
PU,M= db*PU 591.2 KN
MU,M= db*max(m2,m1) 234.263674256148 KNM

Ag= 0.785398163397448 m2
p 0.0313641341186428
fc*Ag
M 0.0124280739149118
fc*t*Ag
gt=t-2(25+16) 918 g 0.9
from the chart we take
g= 0.9 Ῥ 0.08
As=pg*Ag 62831.8530717959 mm2
use ɸ32 one reinforcement 804.2477193 mm2
number of reinforcement 78.125
spacing 40.21 mm
take s 40 mm
column BC
PU,M= db*PU 113.362494918968 KN
MU,M= db*max(m2,m1) 164.562106283169 KNM

Ag= 0.785398163397448 m2
p 0.0060140671425279
fc*Ag
M 0.00873029088686004
fc*t*Ag
gt=t-2(25+16) 918 g 0.9
from the chart we take
g= 0.9 Ῥ 0.08
As=pg*Ag 62831.8530717959 mm2
use ɸ32 one reinforcement 804.2477193 mm2
number of reinforcement 78.125
spacing 40.21 mm
take s 40 mm
 6 Column bent Pier Design
Span-1
Clear span = 40 m
clear road way= 19.25 m
Unit wt of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
No. of girder = 4
Total Length of Superstructure = 40.50 m
Minimum Axle spacing = 4.30 m
maximum axle spacing= 8.6 m
lane load= 3.10 Kn/m

Span-2
Clear span = 16 m
clear road way= 8m
Unit wt of concrete = 25.00 kN/m3
No. of girder = 4.00
Total Length of Superstructure = 16.50 m
Minimum Axle spacing = 4.30 m
maximum axle spacing= 8.6 m
design tandem= 110.00 kN
for single wheel= 55 kN
Parameters Grade Elev. = 1951.19 m
HWM= 1948.49 m
free board= 1.50 m
Girder depth = 1.20 m
Foundation Elev. = 1945.220 m
Footing depth = 0.50 m
Cap width = 1.1 m
Cap thickness = 0.84 m
Pier length = 4.77 m
Pier height from top of footing to top of cap = 5.61 m
Curb height = 0.25 m
6.1 VERTICAL LOADS
6.1.1 Dead load
from t-girder Dead load reaction on external girder = 616.5 kN
Dead load reaction on Internal girder = 245.2 kN
from slab Dead load Reaction = 131.93 kN/m
dead load from pier
from initially assumned dimensions the dead load of pier column,pier cap& bracing is calculated
pier columnn 93.66 kN
pier cap 411.125 kN
bracing 20.7 KN

Table initial assumed dimensions

Length (pier cap) (m) Width (pier cap) (m) Depth (pier cap) (m) Depth (pier cap end) (m)
13 1.10 1.5 0.66
Diameter of column Widthbracing col. (m) Depth bracing col (m) Depth (footing) (m)
1 0.6 0.6 0.50
C/C of Column (m) b1 (m) w1(m) No of Bracing
3.3 2.5 2.5 2
h h1 Lf Wf
4.77 5.27 12.600 6.000
h2 No of column in a pier
3.27 3
6.1.2 Live load
COMPUTATION OF MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD EFFECT ON PIER
Table dimensions
Location Span Length C/C of girder Brg.width
Left span 40.50 3 0
Right span 16.50 3 0.5
Pier cap width 1.1 M

6.1.2.1 Longitudinal analysis

a) Design Truck Load :
P/4 P P
14ft 14 - 30ft
(4.3m) (4.3- 8.6m)
Fig LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT
P 6ft(1.8m) P
(1.80m)

TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT
P = wheel load 72.5 KN
b) Design Tandem
P P
1.20m

LONGITUDINAL ARRANGEMENT
P P
1.80m

TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT
P = wheel load = 1/2*110KN = 55 KN
 c) Lane Load
lane load= 3.10 Kn/m

Dynamic Load Allowance

Section 3.13, the vehicular dynamic load allowance IM
IM = 33%
The live loads shall be factored by 1+IM/100 = 1.33

A) Longitudinal Arrangement
case 1: Maximum Axial Load on pier
4.3 4.3
P/4 p p

w= 3.10 kN/m per lane

B C

40.50 16.50
C/C of Brg x= 0.75
Location of Reaction
Rp1 0.3 m
Rp2 0.05 m
Rp1= 1.744 P
Rp2= 0.228 P
Axial Load: Rp=Rp1+Rp2= 1.972 P
Moment about CLN of pier: MCL= 0.568 P
case 2: Maximum Bending Moment
load on one span only
P 4.3 p P/4

w= 3.10 kN/m per lane

B 16.50 C
40.50
Rp1= 1.866 P
Axial Load: Rp=Rp1= 1.866 P
Moment about CLN of pier: MCL= 0.700 P
RB = 1.866 P + w/2*L
load,P' = 179.47 kN
 6.1.2.2 Transversal analysis
Distribution Factor for Shear
Exterior Girder:
Case-1: One Design lane loaded
0.400
Case-2: Two or more design lanes loaded
0.744
interior Girder:
Case-1: One Design lane loaded
0.755
Case-2: Two or more design lanes loaded
0.955
Case-I: One Design lane loaded
Ra= 0.400 P
Rb= 0.755 P
a) For maximum Axial load case (from longitudinal arrangement case 1)
RA=RP*Ra= 0.789 P
RB=RP*Ra= 1.489 P
RA= 57.19 kN
RB= 107.95 kN
b) For maximum Moment case (from longitudinal arrangement case 2)
RA=RP*Ra= 0.746 P
RB=RP*Rb= 1.409 P
RA= 54.12 kN
RB= 102.14 kN
Case-II: Two or more design lanes are loaded

Ra= 0.744 P
Rb= 0.955 P
Rc= 0.955 p
Rd= 0.744 P
a) For maximum Axial load case (from longitudinal arrangement case 1)
RA=RP*Ra= 1.467 P
RB=RP*Rb= 1.883 P
RC=RP*Rc= 1.883 P
RD=RP*Rd= 1.467 P
RA= 106.38 kN
RB= 136.55 kN
RC= 136.55 kN
RD= 106.38 kN
b) For maximum Moment case (from longitudinal arrangement case 2)
RA=RP*RA= 1.388 P
RB=RP*RB= 1.782 P
RC=RP*RC= 1.782 P
RD=RP*RD= 1.388 P
RA= 100.66 kN
RB= 129.20 kN
RC= 129.20 kN
RD= 100.66 kN

Maximum axial load

Ex. Girder 106.38 KN
In. Girder 136.55 KN

Design Moment
Moment about CLN of pier: MCL= 50.73
6.2 HORIZONTAL LOADS

6.2.1 Wind load

The reference wind velocity of Ethiopia according to EBCS-1 art. 3.7.2 is:
Vref = 22.00 m/s
The reference wind velocity of USA as per AASHTO is:
Vbase = 44.44 m/s
Hence, the wind pressure values under AASHTO shall be adjusted by a factor:
b =Vref2/Vbase2 = 0.25
6.2.1.1 On Superstructure WS
description Ai Yi(above bottoum) AiYi
T -girder. 8.00 0.60 4.80
slab 2.84 0.27 0.77
pos &barrir wall 6.75 1.50 10.13

total 17.59 15.69

NOTE: moment arm is taken about bottom of pier cap

Y=∑ Ai Yi = 0.89 m
∑ Ai
Transv. (WS=50lb/ft2= 2.44 kN/m2)
W(t)= 42.91 kN
y= 0.89 m
Longit. (WS=12lb/ft2= 0.586 kN/m2)

longitudinal W(l)= 10.30 kN

y= 0.89 m

6.2.1.2.On Substructure
(3) Wind load on substructure=WS(40lb/ft2= 1.955 kN/m2)

Transv. (Ws*cos 60)= 0.9775

 W(St)= 2.64 kN
Y= 1.35000000000002 m
Longit. (Ws*sin 60)= 1.693
W(Sl)= 1.35 kN
Y= 1.35000000000002 m

6.2.1.3 Wind load on Live load =WL

Transv. (100lb/ft= 1.489 kN/m)
W(Lt)= 42.44 kN
y'= 2m
Longit. (40lb/ft= 0.595 kN/m)
W(Ll)= 16.96 kN
y'= 1.8 m
6.3 Longitudinal Forces
Breaking/Longitudinal Force,BR
The braking force per lane is the greater of:
25 percent of the axle weights of the design truck or tandem
5 percent of the axle weights of the design truck plus lane load
5 percent of the axle weights of the design tandem plus lane load
The calculation of the braking force for a single traffic lane follows:
25 percent of the design truck:
BRKtrk = 81.25 KN
25 percent of the design tandem:
BRKtan = 55 KN
5 percent of the axle weights of the design truck plus lane load:
BRKtrk_lan = 17.49 KN
5 percent of the axle weights of the design tandem plus lane load:
BRKtan_lan = 12.24 KN
BRK = max (BRKtrk, BRKtan, BRKtrk_lan, BRKtan_lan)
BRK = 81.25 kN
Therefore LF= 81.25 kN
6.4 Earth Quake
The project is in a Seismic Risk area that is,
a= 0.1 According to EBCS-8 for zone 4
take a= 0.1
Site Coefficient: Type II = 1.2
The horizontal seismic force, Fs = Gk*a where Gk is the dead load reaction.
In the Longitudinal Direction
Fseismic
EX. GIRDER 73.98 KN at top of pier due to superimposed dead load
INT. GIRDER 29.43 KN at top of pier due to superimposed dead load

Due to own weight of cap = 13.57 KN acting at each pier -col top

Due to own wt of pier-col = 44.96 KN acting at center of pier col

6.5 Stream Pressure
The pressure of flowing water acting in the longitudinal direction of substructures will be taken as
P=5.14*10-4CD*V2
Where: P is pressure of flowing water (Mpa)
CD drag coefficient given in table below
V is design velocity of design flood (m/s)
Table for drag coefficient

Type CD
Semi-circular nosed pier 0.7
square ended pier 1.4
Debris loged against the pier 1.4
Wedged nosed pier nose angle <90 0.8
The longitudinal drag force will be taken as the product of longitudinal stream pressure and the projected
area of substructure subjected to the force
Projected area=diametre of column*height of column up to highest water mark
V= 4 m/s
Hcolumn up to HWM= 3.270 m
Projected area= 3.26999999999998
P=5.14*10-4CD*V2= 5.76 KN/M2
per liner meter= 5.76 KN/m

1.65

1.65

Figure 6.1 Longitudinal stream pressure

Table 6.2. CALCULATION OF MOMENTS
moment arm(m) moment(KNm)
Direction Loads (KN) longit trans longit trans
dead L
T-girder
V= 1723.34 2.7 6.3 4653.02 10857.05
slab
e

a
v

c
r
t
i

V= 1715.09 2.4 6.3 4116.22 10805.07

pier cap
V= 411.13 3.00 6.3 1233.38 2590.088
bracing
V= 41.40 3 6.3 124.20 260.82
pier column
V= 280.98 3.00 6.3 842.94 1770.174
footing
V= 45.00 3.00 6.3 135.00 283.5
Total load 4216.94 11104.75 26566.7

live L 285.96
live Ld,Rex= 106.38 6.3 0.00 670.1837
Rin= 136.55 6.3 0.00 860.2493
tr

e
a

a
v
s

s
r

wind L
super str.WS= 42.91 6.862 0.00 294.4419
wind L
Substr. WS= 2.64 3.42 0.00 9.026235
stream P
wind L= 42.44 8.270 350.9499
live load

Fst= 5.76 3.77 0.00 21.7152

live L
live ld,LL= 179.47 2.70 484.56
wind L
lo

gi

al
n

n
d

Superstr.WS= 10.30 6.86 70.71

t

wind L
Substr. WS= 1.35 3.42 4.62
wind load 16.96 8.27 140.24
live load
Longit.F
LF= 81.25 7.77 631.31
Earth quake 73.98 3.27 241.90
 check stablity and soil presssure for different cases
case 1 dead load on one span only
the dead load for slab is deducted to consider the dead load on the t-girder
ΣV 2501.85 KN
Σ Mlong 6988.54 KNm
Σ Mtran 15761.6361
XL=ΣM long 2.79 m
ΣV
XT=Σmtran 6.3 m
ΣV
et=L/2-Xt 0.000 m
El=B/2-XL 0.21 m
Ϭmax=ΣV(1+6et/L+6el/L)/A
36.4
case 2 considering the dead load in both slab and T- girder,but the live load only one the T-girder
i.e T-girder=DL+LL
SLAB=DL 0nly
ΣV 4353.48
Σ Mlong 11589.31 KNM
Σ Mtran 26566.70 KNM
XL=ΣM long 2.66
ΣV
XT=Σmtran 6.1
ΣV
et=L/2-Xt 0.2
El=B/2-XL 0.34
Ϭmax=ΣV(1+6et/L+6el/L)/A
72.39
case3 3) Strength and Service 1 ART.3.4.1
Load Combinations for limit state design
STR-I 1.25DC+1.50*DW+1.75LL+1.0WA+1.75*BR
SERV-I 1.0 DC+1.0*DW+1.00*(LL+WA+WL+BR)+0.30WS
DEAD LOAD
load comb Moment
VERTIACL LOADS Longit. Transv.
STR-I 5413.36 14985.74 33208.38
SERV-I 4298.19 12894.56 26566.7

LIVE LOAD
load comb Moment
VERTIACL LOADS Longit. Transv.
STR-I 357.45 847.97 2678.26
SERV-I 285.96 484.56 1530.43

WS WL BR WA
load comb Moment Moment Moment Moment
Longit. Transv. Longit. Transv. Longit. Transv.
STR-I 1104.8
SERV-I 22.6 91.04 140.239 350.95 631.31 21.72
 STABILITY CHECK
LOAD COMBINATION TOTAL

Vertical load(l) Moment(L) Horizontal forces

Longit. Transv. Longit. Tran
CASE-I

(STRENGTH-I)
CASE 5770.81 1952.77 2678.26 142.19 5.76

(SERVICE-I) 4584.15 1278.71 1994.14 3.496443 19.42

Case I
A) Overturning
Longit.
M(overt.)= 1952.77 kN-m
M(resist.)= 5770.81 kN-m
F.S= 2.96
Transv.
M(overt.)= 2678.26 kN-m
M(resist.)= 5770.81 kN-m
F.S= 2.15
B) Sliding
Longit.
F(slid.)= 142.19 KN
F(resist.)= 5770.81 KN
F.S= 40.59
Transv.
F(slid.)= 5.76 KN
F(resist.)= 5770.81 KN
F.S= 1001.88
Case II
A) Overturning
Longit.
M(overt.)= 1278.71 kN-m
M(resist.)= 4584.15 kN-m
F.S= 3.58
Transv.
M(overt.)= 1994.14 kN-m
M(resist.)= 4584.15 kN-m
F.S= 2.30
B) Sliding
Longit.
F(slid.)= 3.50 KN
F(resist.)= 4584.15 KN
F.S= 1311.09
Transv.
F(slid.)= 19.42 KN
F(resist.)= 4584.15 KN
F.S= 236.00
case 4 EXTREME EVENT STATE
= 1.25DC +1(LL+BF)+EQ
5.76 KN/M
5.76 KN/M