ADHESIVES

JOHN KYLE ESTIMO BSIE 1C

Department of Engineering, Cebu Technological University, Argao, Cebu

Johnkyle.estimo@ctu.edu.ph

Abstract: The term “Adhesive” defines any substance that is capable of holding materials
together in a functional manner by surface attachment that resists separations. It
includes cement, mucilage, glue, and paste terms that are often used interchangeably for any
organic material that forms an adhesive bond.

1. INTRODUCTION different materials together, the more

 In the history of adhesives it was
discovered accidentally way back 70,000
BC, when caveman in South Africa used a
gluey substance made of tree-sap and red
ochre to protect cave-paintings.
Adhesion to a variety of substrates
allows bonding of dissimilar materials if
necessary .High cohesive strength is
desirable .Flexibility improves peel strength
by flexing with peel stress.
It is best known as the manufacturer
of Elmer's Glue-All, a popular PVA-based
synthetic glue, in addition to other brands
including Crazy Glue, Pro Bond adhesives,
and X-Acto cutting tools. Since 1947 until
now serving as one of the best adhesive
company in the world.
2. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
High elastic modulus of substrate
and adhesive resists stress at the bond line.
The use of adhesives offers certain
advantages over other binding techniques
such as sewing, mechanical fastening,
or welding. These include the ability to bind
efficient distribution of stress across a joint,
the cost-effectiveness of an easily
mechanized process, and greater flexibility
in design. Disadvantages of adhesive use
include decreased stability at high
temperatures, relative weakness in bonding
large objects with a small bonding surface
area, and greater difficulty in separating
objects during testing. Adhesives are
typically organized by the method of
adhesion followed by reactive or non-
reactive, a term which refers to whether the
adhesive chemically reacts in order to
harden. Alternatively, they can be organized
either by their starting physical phase or
whether their raw stock is of natural or
synthetic origin.
3. RAW MATERIALS
Adhesives universally have the
common property of bonding materials, with
human use. Adhesive” is a word that
includes many different
compounds/materials/chemicals/substances
that are all pretty much for the purpose of
attaching one thing to another thing.
“Glue” is one of the many things that fit
under the category of “adhesive”. Glue IS
and adhesive. “Adhesive” can be glue, but it
can also be epoxy, tree sap, pretty much
anything that holds one thing to another
thing without a mechanical fastener.
Initial glues were simply natural
materials like tree sap or resins that were
discovered to be useful to bind. Glues have
binding properties based on forces like
viscoelasticity (thick, and resists separation),
chemical interactions like acid-base,
molecular forces like hydrogen bonding,
Van der, and others. Over millennia, we
have developed adhesives further by
assessing natural or synthetic ingredients’
utility for needed adhesion. With many
materials, again, natural or synthetic
available, adhesives have been refined to
suit needs, last longer, hold stronger, work
in wet conditions, etc. Given use of glues,
both as tape surface adhesives and as
medical grade glue for use in wound
management, glues developed for this
purpose must pass more stringent tests that
they not be toxic to the body.
4.
PROCESSING/PRODUCTION/
MANUFACTURING
Adhesives are chemical based. They
are made or formulated from chemicals
which are synthesized (created by man).
These chemicals were originally obtained or
manufactured from petroleum, natural gas
and other raw materials found in Nature.
Adhesives come from either natural or
synthetic sources. The types of materials
that can be bonded are vast but they are
especially useful for bonding thin materials.
Adhesives cure (harden) by either
evaporating a solvent or by chemical
reactions that occur between two or more
constituents. To transform these into an
adhesive, they are first washed and soaked.
This stock is cooked in water, cooled and re-
cooked to break down the collagen into raw
glue. Chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid
remove impurities in the final stages.
Further heating or drying brings the glue to a
specific viscosity. To recap, adhesive
bonding is a manufacturing process that
involves the use of adhesive to join two or
more surfaces. It consists four basic steps,
including degreasing, abrasion, adhesive and
curing.
5. WASTE MANAGEMENT
DISPOSAL
Adhesives contain solvents and other
toxic chemicals. Among glues, the safest
choices are white glue, glue sticks, library
paste, and yellow glue. Select them
whenever possible.
If you cannot use up an adhesive yourself,
give it to someone who can, or take it to a
household hazardous-waste collection site.
As a last resort, dry the adhesive. First, find
a well-ventilated area away from children,
pets, and sources of heat or flames—
preferably outside. Wear chemical-resistant
gloves, and avoid inhaling fumes.
If you have a small amount of adhesive,
open the container and let it dry. For larger
amounts, spread the adhesive in thin layers
on cardboard or newspapers. If the adhesive
is in a tube, slit the tube for drying. For two-
part adhesives, mix them together before
letting them dry. When the adhesive has
hardened, you can safely place it in the
trash.
6. CONCLUTION
[1] Arthur Adhesive 2016, The glued
[2] This land Illinois.edu 2017
[3] Tree hugger manufacturing 2005
[4] Made on how USA 2001

Personally, I have learned that [5] PCC Group manufacturer of chemicals

Adhesives are usually either in liquid form, Manhattan
as otherwise they would be impossible to
spread, or as double sided tape where one [6] Adhesive org. / Sealants org.
side is covered with a thin plastic which is [7] Elmer’s company Wikipedia
removable. Neither form for adhesive is in
the air. There is however certain types of
Industrial Glues that do give off both smell
and fumes. These are however not on sale
for private use so there is no noticeable
danger from these glues either.

Adhesive molecules are heavier than

air and will tend to fall rapidly. Since they
are sticky, they will tend to clump, even
when atomized, so they will drop even
faster.

In the formation of an adhesive

bond, a transitional zone arises in the
interface between adhered and adhesive. In
this zone, called the interphase, the chemical
and physical properties of the adhesive may
be considerably different from those in the
noncontact portions. It is generally believed
that the interphase composition controls the
durability and strength of an adhesive joint
and is primarily responsible for the
transference of stress from one adherent to
another. The interphase region is frequently
the site of environmental attack, leading to
joint failure.

7. REFERENCES