POETIC ELEMENTS

List of terms:
Chapter 2
1. Diction
2. Denotation
3. Connotation
4. Imagery
5. Main types of imagery/ visual imagery (sight), auditory imagery (hearing), olfactory
imagery (smell), gustatory imagery (taste), tactile imagery (touch).
Note: Imagery can be produced by names, descriptions, rhythms, intellectual
associations, or several of these devices working together.
6. Metaphor (page 15-16)
7. Extended metaphor
8. Implicit metaphor

9. Simile and epic simile

10. Conceit
11. Metonymy
12. Synecdoche
13. Personification
14. Hyperbole
15. Understatement
16. Irony
17. Ambiguity
18. Pun
19. Paradox
20. Oxymoron
21. Ellipsis

Chapter 3
22. Rhyme and rhyme scheme
23. Variation of rhyme: masculine and feminine
24. Inexact or slant rhyme
25. End rhyme
26. Internal rhyme
27. Eye rhyme
28. Alliteration – repeated initial consonant sounds in multiple words

Her brown braid brushed the bridge of her brow.

29. Assonance – repeated repeated vowel sounds in multiple words

A dismayed baby wailed nearly all day.

30. Consonance – repreated consonant sounds in multiple words

The lock stuck quickly, so Mark called a locksmith.

31. Onomatopoeia
32. Rhythm- the regular recurrence of accent or stress.
33. Meter – The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poem/ The number of
feet used in each line in poetry.
34. Foot/Feet- a unit of stressed and unstressed syllables syllable in a line in poetry.
35. Types of foot: a. Spondee/spondaic foot (both syllables are stressed) ,
b. Iamb/ Iambic foot (unstressed followed by stressed syllable)
c. trochee/trochaic foot (stressed followed by unstressed syllable)
d. anapest/anapestic foot (two unstressed syllables followed by stressed
one)
e. dactyl/dactylic foot (a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed
syllables)
f. Pyrrhus/ Pyrrhic foot (two unstressed syllables)
36. Rising meter: when the accented/stressed syllable occurs at the end of the foot.
37. Falling meter: when the unaccented/ unstressed syllable occurs at the end of the foot.
38. Names of meter: a. Monometer (1 foot line)
b. Dimeter (2-foot line)
c. Trimeter (3-foot line)
d. Tetrameter (4-foot line)
e. Pentameter (5-foot line)
 f. Hexameter (6-foot line)

- Symbol for unstressed and stressed syllable

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

39. Caesura
40. End-stopped line (example in the first stanza below)
41. Run-on (enjambed) line (example in the second stanza below)

42. Blank verse

43. Free verse
44. Couplet, tercet, quatrain.
45. Sonnet
46. Italian/ Petrarchan Sonnet. Study the rhyme scheme, stanza division (Octave and sestet,
three quatrains and couplet)

47. Shakespearean/ English Sonnet. Study the rhyme scheme and stanza division (three
quatrains and couplet)

Three quatrains offer three successive images, or experiences, or observations which

move by some rationale toward the resolution or conclusion of the couplet.