Government Engineering College, Sector-28

Gandhinagar

Instrumentation & Control Engineering Department

ENVIRONMENT INSTRUMENTATION (3151712)

Semester: - V

Enrollment No.:- 190130117152

Name of Student: - Sumit Vishwakarma

Academic Year: - 2021-22

 Government Engineering College, Sector-28

Gandhinagar

Instrumentation & Control Engineering Department

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. /Miss sumit vishwkarma Enrolment No.

190130117152 of B.E. (I.C.) SEM-V has satisfactorily completed the term work of
the

Subject Code: - 3151712

Subject Name: - ENVIRONMENT INSTRUMENTATION

prescribed by Gujarat Technological University during the academic term 2021-22.

Date:- 24-9-21

Faculty In-charge Head of Department

 Government Engineering College, Sector-28
Gandhinagar
Instrumentation &Control Department

Institute
Vision:To be a premier engineering institution, imparting quality education for innovative
solutions relevant to society and environment.
Mission:
1. To develop human potential to its fullest extent so that intellectual and innovative
engineers can emerge in a wide range of professions.
2. To advance knowledge and educate students in engineering and other areas of
scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in future.
3. To produce quality engineers, entrepreneurs and leaders to meet the present and
future needs of society as well as environment.

Department
Vision: To impart quality education in Instrumentation & Control engineering through
innovation to meet technological challenges of industries and society with environmental
consideration.
Mission:
1. To impart knowledge about present trends in the field of Instrumentation & Control
engineering.
2. To train competent Instrumentation & Control engineers who can design, operate process
instrumentation and also manufacturing an automation systems in industries.
3. To encourage students to work on innovative research projects related to
Instrumentation & Control engineering considering environmental aspect.

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs):

1. To operate and maintain industrial Instrumentation & Control system.
2. To design Industrial Instrumentation & Control system by innovative approach.
3. To inculcate professional and ethical attitude, effective communication skills,
multidisciplinary approach and an ability to relate Engineering issues in social and
environmental context.
4. To acquire the ability for life-long learning needed for a successful Professional
career.
 Government Engineering College, Sector-28
Gandhinagar
Instrumentation &Control Department

Programme Outcomes (POs)

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
 Government Engineering College, Sector-28
Gandhinagar
Instrumentation &Control Department

Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

1. Design and develop solutions for process control and automation industries and able to
pursue career in research, industry, higher studies and adapt to changing technology.
2. Able to understand professional and ethical responsibility with effective
communication skills and life-long learning.

Course Outcomes (COs)

After learning the course the students will be:
1. able to understand the fundamental characteristics, terminologies, sensing and
transduction principles of various types of sensors and transducers used for environment
monitoring
2. able to justify the use of an analytical instrument in monitoring and maintaining the quality
of water and air for solving real world environmental problem.
3. able to summarize and classify capabilities and limitations of analytical instruments.
4. able to prepare a report on various cases of environmental parameters monitoring and
control
5. able to work as an individual and as a team-member to design and implement
analytical instrument using embedded systems.
 Government Engineering College, Sector-28
Gandhinagar
Instrumentation &Control Department

General Instructions
Do’s
➢ Ensure your presence five minutes before the commencement of the lab.
➢ Attend all the lab sessions without fail.
➢ All bags must be kept at the indicated place.
➢ Come well prepared for every lab session.
➢ Complete and Bring the Lab records regularly.
➢ Ensure the proper polarity of cables before connecting the kits.
➢ Ensure the checking of the circuit connections before turning ON the circuit.
➢ Tuck in your shirts and not to play with instruments laid on the bench.
➢ Wearing loose garments inside the lab is strictly prohibited.
➢ You have to wear shoes compulsorily.
➢ Keep the space around you clear for others.

Don’ts
➢ Don’t bring the food items to Lab.
➢ Don’t switch ON voltage supplies after making circuit connections in the absence
of the teacher.
➢ Don’t rotate the Knobs unnecessarily.
➢ Don’t make noise in the laboratory.
 INDEX
Sr. No. Name of Experiments Pg. No. Date

1 Simulate the performance of chemical sensor-PH 11/6/21

Using Virtual Lab

2 To measure conductivity of a solution using Conductivity 18/6/21

meter virtual Lab

3 To do Qualitative and quantitative analysis using UV-Visible 2/7/21

spectrophotometer in Virtual Lab

4 To determine the Turbidity of the given water sample using 9/7/21

Nephelometer in VLAB.
5 To design ARDUINO based Gas detector and check the 23/7/21
performance.

6 Study of Gas Chromatography. 30/7/21

7 Study of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. 6/8/21

8 Prepare a report on weather stations. 13/8/21

9 Prepare a report on water/waste water/ effluent treatment 3/9/21

plant.

10 To design low cost Environment Health monitoring 17/9/21

instrument.
Conclusion :-
In this experiment there are three different stages.
In stage one W2 Calibrate Ph sensors. In stage two
At 25`C W2 measure this Ph value of any sample.
Stage three, If there is change in temperature of
sample this output will change.
Conclusion :-
In this experiment we learn about calibration, in this
stage 2 W2 talk about effect of temperature and in the
stage 3 W2 talk about effect of contamination on the
electrodes.
Conclusion :-
In this experiment we learned absorption laws like
Lambert’s law and Beer’s law and by using this we do
Qualitative and Quantitative analysis using UV-Visible
spectrophotometer.
Circuit Diagram :-
Arduino Code :-
int red_led=12;//indicates gas
int green_led=11;//indicates normal
int buzz=13;//indicates gas
intsmokeA0 = A5;//indicates sensor is connected to A5
int sensorThres=400;//The threshold value
void setup()
{
pinMode(red_led,OUTPUT);//red led as output
pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);// buzz as output
pinMode(green_led,OUTPUT);//green led as output
pinMode(A1,INPUT);//sensor as input
Serial.begin(9600);//starts the code
}
void loop()//loops
{
gas_avalue=analogRead(smokeA0);//reads sensor value
if (A0 > sensorThres)//sees if it reached threshold value
{
digitalWrite(red_led, HIGH);//turns on red led
digitalWrite(green_led, LOW);//turns off green led
digitalWrite( buzz, HIGH);//turns on buzzer
}
else//if it hasn't reached threshold value
{
digitalWrite(red_led, LOW);//turns red led off
digitalWrite(green_led, HIGH);//turn green led on
digitalWrite( buzz, LOW);//turns buzzer off
}
delay(100);//delay 0.1 sec
}
 OUTPUT Analysis :-
According to Flowchart and Arduino code

//indicates red led

//indicates normal
//indicates gas
//indicates sensor is connected to A5
//sets a threshold value
//red led as output
// buzz as output
//green led as output
//sensor as input
//starts the code
//loops
//reads sensor value
//sees if it reached the threshold value do:
//turns on red led
//turns off green led
//turns on buzzer
//if it hasn't reached the threshold value do:
//turns red led off
//turn green led on
//turns buzzer off
//delay 0.1 sec
Sumit vishwakarma 190130117152
EXPERIMENT-06

AIM: Study of Gas Chromatography.

Theory:

Gas Chromatography or Gas Liquid Chromatography is a technique applied for

separation, identification and quantification of components of a mixture of organic
compounds by selective partitioning between the stationary phase and mobile phase
inside a column followed by sequential elution of separated components. The technique
is suitable for separation of compounds having following characteristics :

High volatility
Thermal
stability
Low molecular weights

Mobile phase

In gas chromatography, usually, three types of gases are employed namely –

Carrier gas – This is needed for the transfer of the injected sample to the separation
column. They are also responsible for the subsequent transfer of separated
components to the detector.Common examples: Nitrogen, helium, or hydrogen

Fuel gas – They support the flame in Flame ionization detector (FID) detector such as
Hydrogen.

Zero air – These are the purified air that plays the role of oxidant to support the
combustion of flame in the detector. Before being led to the gas chromatographic
system, the above three are intermixed in the desired proportion.

Sample injector

The injector is a heated block where the sample is injected. Through the carrier gas
stream, the sample is spontaneously vaporized and led to the column.

With the help of a gas-tight syringe, the liquid sample mixtures are injected whereas,
with the help of automated injection valves, the gaseous mixtures are injected.

Column

This is filled with the stationary phase or its walls are covered with a liquid adsorbent.
This is done for selective absorbance and retention of the sample components.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 Commonly used: Packed columns and Capillary columns (More

popular) Component of a Column – Oven

The column is enclosed by a column oven which is responsible for maintaining a

constant temperature during isothermal operation. This temperature when temperature
programming is needed can be increased in a controlled way for acquiring effective
separation of mixture components possessing different volatilities.

Detector

This is employed for the identification and quantification of components.

Here, the regions of individual peaks created relate to their concentrations and their
retention times are representative of their identity.

Common examples: Flame ionization detector, Thermal conductivity detector (TCD),

and Electron capture detector (ECD).

Conclusion:
In this experiment we learn that gas chromatography is one of the most important tools in
chemistry because of its simplicity , sensitivity and effectiveness in separating components of
mixtures. It is widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixture and for the
purification of compounds.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 EXPERIMENT-07
AIM: Study of High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

THEORY:

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a process of separating

components in a liquid mixture. A liquid sample is injected into a stream of solvent
(mobile phase) flowing through a column packed with a separation medium (stationary
phase). Sample components separate from one another by a process of differential
migration as they flow through the column.

Figure-1: Basics of Chromatography

As bands emerge from the column, flow carries them to one or more detectors which
deliver a voltage response as a function of time. This is called a chromatogram. For
each peak, the time at which it emerges identifies the sample constituent with respect
to a standard. The peak’s area represents the quanti ty.

Figure-2: Basic Chromatography with

Chromatogram

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
Basic HPLC System Components:

Solvent Degasser – removes air gases from the solvents as they flow to the HPLC
pump

HPLC Pump –Pump is positioned in the most upper stream of the LC system and generates a flow of
eluent from the solvent reservoir to the system. In the earlier stage of LC development, to be able to
generate the high pressure was the one of the most important system requirements. However, nowadays,
the high pressure generation is a “standard” requirement and what is more concerned nowadays is to be
able to provide a consistent pressure at any condition, to provide a controllable and reproducible flow rate.
Since a change in the flow rate can influence the analysis largely.

Most pumps used in current LC systems generate the flow by back-and-forth motion of a motor-
driven piston (reciprocating pumps). Because of this piston motion, it produces “pulses”. There have been
large system improvements to reduce this pulsation and the recent pumps create much less pulse
compared to the older ones. However, recent analysis requires very high sensitivity to quantify a small
amount of analytes, and thus even a minor change in the flow rate can influence the analysis.

Injector-An injector is placed next to the pump. The simplest method is to use a syringe, and the
sample is introduced to the flow of eluent. Since the precision of LC measurement is largely affected by
the reproducibility of sample injection, the design of injector is an important factor. The most widely used
injection method is based on sampling loops. The use of autosampler (auto-injector) system is also widely
used that allows repeated injections in a set scheduled-timing.

Column-The separation is performed inside the column; therefore, it can be said that the column is the
heart of an LC system. The eluent used for LC varies from acidic to basic solvents. Most column housing
is made of stainless steel, since stainless is tolerant towards a large variety of solvents. However, for the
analysis of some analytes such as biomolecules and ionic compounds, contact with metal is not desired,
thus polyether ether ketone (PEEK) column housing is used instead.

Detector- Separation of analytes is performed inside the column, whereas a detector is

used to observe the obtained separation. The composition of the eluent is consistent
when no analyte is present. While the presence of analyte changes the composition of
the eluent. What detector does is to measure these differences. This difference is
monitored as a form of electronic signal. There are different types of detectors available.

Autosampler – draws samples from vials and injects them into the solvent flow
provided by the pump.

Detector – responds to the separated analytes emerging from the HPLC column and
produces a signal output for the software

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
Column Oven – houses the HPLC column and keeps a stable temperature for
reproducible separations

Figure-3(a) & (b): HPLC setup

Conclusion:
In this experiment we learn the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a process of
separating components in a liquid mixture and its chromatrogram. And basic HPCL components
and setup of HPCL.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 EXPERIMENT-08

AIM: Prepare a report on weather stations.

➢ Prepare a 3-4 page report on weather station available nearby you, in a group of 4
students from the same batch.
➢ The report should include the main features and working of weather station and
the description of pollutants to be measured and the instrumentation for the same.

METEROLOGICAL CENTRE- SVP AIRPORT AHMEDABAD

History :

Meteorological Centre Ahmedabad was established with the aim of rendering quick and better
meteorological services to the Gujarat state. The Meteorological Observatory, Ahmedabad was
established on 18th January 1893 and the Meteorological Centre, Ahmedabad was established in
October 1974. To have efficient administrative control and better technical support, Meteorological
Centre Ahmedabad has 15 departmental and 7 Part Time synoptic observatories, 8 aeronautical
meteorological stations, one seismological observatories, one DWR and number of meteorological
observatories are established in Gujarat state.

ObservationalNetwork :

To collect meteorological data surface, upper air and remotely sensed data, number of
meteorological observatories, Automatic weather stations and Doppler Weather Radars are
established across the region. There are 19 manual observatories, 33 Automatic Weather Stations,
66 Automatic Rain gauges, 9 Agro Automatic Weather Stations and 4 upper air observatories. One
Doppler weather Radar and various other observing systems.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
Services :

With time the activities and responsibilities of Met Centre, Ahmedabad has increased in all
fields, for rendering the Meteorological services to the general public of the state of Gujarat,
and Union Territory of Diu, Daman and Dadra Nagar Haveli and concerned departments of
Central and State Governments like Agriculture, Irrigation, Power, Flood Control, Relief and
Rehabilitation, Roadways and Railways etc. All types of information relating to weather, viz.
weather bulletins, warnings etc. are issued to the public and State Govt., through the most
popular media like Press, Doordarshan and Akashwani for the safety of life and property.
Aviation Services to aeronautical communities are one of the valuable services rendered at
Ahmedabad Airport. Current Weather information and route weather forecasts are given to air
navigators. Quantitative precipitation Forecast (QPF) is issued on basin/ sub basin wise,
catchments/sub catchments-wise for the major rivers in Gujarat to Central Water Commission
during monsoon period. During non-monsoon period the task is to maintain all Hydro
meteorological rain gauge stations and preparation of various reports. Agro-Meteorological
Advisory is issued twice a week i.e. every Tuesday and Friday for the benefits of farmers of the
state. X-band radar is used to provide the Upper Air Weather Information which are very much
useful for the forecasting/nowcasting. Collection of rainfall of 252 DRMS stations and prepare
statistics of district wise rainfall of all 33 districts of the state on daily / weekly / Monthly /
Seasonal basis

Meteriological centre weather stations have the following instruments:

• Thermometer for measuring air and sea surface temperature

• Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure
• Hygrometer for measuring humidity
• Anemometer for measuring wind speed
• Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation
• Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time.
• Wind sock for measuring general wind speed and wind direction
• Wind vane, also called a weather vane or a weathercock: it shows whence the wind is
blowing.

• Present Weather/Precipitation Identification Sensor for identifying falling precipitation

• Disdrometer for measuring drop size distribution
• Transmissometer for measuring visibility
Ceilometer for measuring cloud ceiling

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
Objectives :

• To take meteorological observations to provide meteorological services(weather forecast

and warnings) to the general public of the state of Gujarat, and union territory of Diu,
Daman, Dadra Nagar Haveli and the concerned departments of central and state
government like agriculture, irrigation, power, Aviation, flood control, relief and
rehabilitation, roadways and railways, health, disaster managers etc.
• To warn against severe weather phenomena like tropical cyclones, thunderstorm and
associated lightning, dust storms, heavy rains, cold and heat waves etc., which cause
destruction of life and property.
• To provide meteorological statistics required for agriculture, water resource management,
industries, oil exploration and other nation-building activities.
• To conduct and promote research in meteorology and allied disciplines. To detect and
locate earthquakes and to evaluate seismicity in different parts of the country for
development projects.
• HARSH SHARMA 190130117132 SUMIT VISHWAKARMA 190130117152
• NITESH WANI 190130117153 RAJKUMARSINGH 190130117135

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
EXPERIMENT-09

AIM: Prepare a report on water/waste water/ effluent treatment plant.

➢ Prepare a 3-4 page report on water/waste water/ effluent treatment plant

available nearby you, in a group of 4 students from the same batch.

Kotarpur water works - water treatment plant

 Ahmedabad being the largest city in Gujarat gets 1060 MLD water per day. It meets its
water requirements from 4 different water treatment plants after receiving the water from
the sources; Narmada Canal and Sabarmati River, of which 80% is met by the Kotarpur
Water Treatment Plant, Naroda using the gravitational force. The treatment plant was in
the construction process from 1984 to 1996 and started functioning in 1996.
 The capacity of the plant is 650 MLD and over-loading capacity is 750 MLD.
A gravity line of 2500mm is used to connect Narmada canal and Kotarpur water works.
The water from Sabarmati River is taken by 2 Intake wells.

 GENERAL DETAIL ABOUT KOTARPUR WATER WORKS

Plant Capacity : 650 MLD
Overload Capacity : 10%
Overall Capacity : 715 MLD
Process Type : Water Treatment with declining rate type filter
Commission year : 2000
Losses considered : 2%
The pump has the capacity of treating of water from 3000 NTU to less than 1 NTU.

➢ The report should include the main features and working of the treatment plant
and the description of the process and the instrumentation for the same.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
PROCESS OF WATER TREATMENT
Following are the steps are involved in treatment of the water from the Input
(Intake bay) to the Output (Pumped out):

SCREENING

ALUM DOZING

COAGULATION

FLOCCULATION

SEDIMENTATION

FILTRATION

CHLORINATION

TREATMENT PROCEDURE
▪ Before the water enters the inlet bay, the water is first passed through
the screening where the big size particles are removed from water.
▪ In the inlet bay, alum is added which facilitates the process of
coagulation. The dosage of alum is decided after testing the water. The
turbidity of raw water is approximately 3000 NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Unit). Pre Chlorination process is done at the inlet bay.
▪ After the alum is added to the water at the inlet bay, the water is made
flowed to the distribution station from where the water is distributed to
12 clarifiers. Baffles are provided in structure so as to facilitate the
formation of hydraulic jumps which helps in proper mixing of alum in
water.
▪ The alum added at the inlet bay helps in formation of flocs in the
flocculator. The flocs formed settles in flocculator, which are then
transferred to sludge pit. The structure of the clarifier is such that a
sludge pit is formed in the centre. The clarifier has skimmers which
slowly rotates around the clarifier and pushes the floating material to
the sludge pit. The clarifiers are of diameter 50.10 metre. The sludge is
pumped and is discharged into the downstream of river. Almost 70%
purification takes places in clarifier.
▪

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
KOTARPUR WATER WORKS LOCATION

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 ▪ The next process in the filtration. The water from the clarifier is then
flowed to the filter house, where there are 48 filter beds i.e. sand beds
of 750mm thickness. The water is allowed to flow through the sand beds
which further purifies the water.
▪ The filter beds are cleaned at an interval if 72 hours. The cleaning of
beds is done by pumping of air and then water from the bottom of the
bed.
▪ The water is then stored in the underground water tank. Air vents are
provided to release the air from the underground tank.
▪ The water is then pumped to the other water distribution stations.
▪ There are 10 no. of vertical turbine pumps which pumps water to the
city. Six of the pumps are working and other four are the standby
pumps. The capacity of each pump is 41 lakhs/hr.
Chlorine is added to the water before pumping. The final step is to
disinfect the water and maintain chlorine residuals that will remain in
the water as it travels through the distribution system.
▪ The chlorine consumption is approximately 1600 to 1700 kg per day.

QUALITY TEST
▪ The water is tested in site laboratory every two hours and record is
maintained.
▪ The turbidity of treated water is less than 1 NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Unit)

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

▪ At present, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has given the contract to
at private firm for the Operations and Maintenance of the plant.
▪ There are in total 88 persons which work in 3 shifts, 8 hours each.
REFERENCES
▪ http://icrier.org/pdf/ahemadbad_water.pdf
▪ Information given by engineer of Kotarpur WTP

HARSH SHARMA 190130117132 SUMIT VISHWAKARMA 190130117152

NITESH WANI 190130117153 RAJKUMARSINGH 190130117135

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
EXPERIMENT-10

AIM: To design low cost Environment Health monitoring instrument.

➢ Select any environment affecting pollutant (water or gas) and design an

embedded system for the same. Task must be done in a group of 4
students from the same batch.
➢ Make a 2-3 page report which should cover the list of components, circuit
design and brief explanation of working.

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 CO, SMOKE DETECTING EMBEDDED SYSTEM
By using protius software we made the CO, SMOKE DETECTING EMBEDDED
SYSTEM.
Components lists for the CO, SMOKE detector
1) MQ 2 gas sensor
2) 16*2 l2c lcd
3) Arduino UNO
4) Jumper wires

CONNECTIONS
ARDUINO MQ2
A0 A0
5V VCC
GND GND

ABOUT THIS PROJECT

MQ2 Sensor is a gas module and it is suitable to detect Hydrogen, LPG, Smoke, CO, and Alcohol. It has
high sensitivity and fast response time to measure and take the data. Sensitivity can be adjusted by
potentiometer behind it:

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
Lab Manual-EI-
3151717
 CODE FOR THE PROJECT:
#include <MQ2.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
//I2C pins declaration
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE);
int Analog_Input = A0;
int lpg, co, smoke;

MQ2 mq2(Analog_Input);

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);//Defining 16 columns and 2 rows of lcd display
lcd.backlight();
mq2.begin();
}
void loop(){
float* values= mq2.read(true); //set it false if you don't want to print the values in the Serial
//lpg = values[0];
lpg = mq2.readLPG();
//co = values[1];
co = mq2.readCO();
//smoke = values[2];

smoke = mq2.readSmoke ();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("LPG:");
lcd.print(lpg);
lcd.print(" CO:");
lcd.print(co);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SMOKE:");
lcd.print(smoke);
lcd.print(" PPM");
delay(1000);
}

HARSH SHARMA 190130117132 SUMIT VISHWAKARMA 190130117152

NITESH WANI 190130117153 RAJKUMARSINGH 190130117135

Lab Manual-EI-
3151717