Forces 2.4: ls1.

conservation of momentum
Homework:

Today’s lesson:
• Applying conservation of
momentum in simple
isolated systems Starter:
including (but not limited what is a collision?
What types of collision can you
to) collisions, explosions, have?
or water jets

Big Question:
Give examples of conservation of momentum macroscopic motion to
microscopic collisions? How are they analysed/predicted using the law?
https://opentextbc.ca/physicstestbook2/chapter/conservation-of-momentum/
Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Momentum
Definition: linear momentum is defined as the mass of
an object multiplied by its velocity

ρ = mv
Momentum (kg.m.s-1) = Mass (kg) x Velocity (m.s-1)

How does it link

to newton’s Is it a scalar
laws or vector?
Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Momentum
A lorry/truck has a mass of 10
000 kg and a velocity of 3
m.s-1. What is its momentum?

Momentum = Mass x velocity

= 10 000 x 3
= 30 000 kg.m.s-1
Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
Total momentum before = total momentum after

For a collision occurring

between object 1 and
object 2 in an isolated
system, the total
momentum of the two
objects before the
collision is equal to the
total momentum of the two
objects after the collision.
Applyingconservation
Applying conservation of momentum
of momentum in isolated
in simple simple isolated systems
systems including including
(but (but
not limited not
to) collisions,
limited to)or
explosions, collisions,
water jets explosions, or water jets
Applyingconservation
Applying conservation of momentum
of momentum in isolated
in simple simple isolated systems
systems including including
(but (but
not limited not
to) collisions,
limited to)or
explosions, collisions,
water jets explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
Applyingconservation
Applying conservation of momentum
of momentum in isolated
in simple simple isolated systems
systems including including
(but (but
not limited not
to) collisions,
limited to)or
explosions, collisions,
water jets explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
A 15-kg medicine ball is thrown at a velocity of 20 km/hr to a 60-kg
person who is at rest on ice. The person catches the ball and
subsequently slides with the ball across the ice. Determine the
velocity of the person and the ball after the collision.

1. Sketch it

2. Set to before and after

3. Sub in the values

Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
A 15-kg medicine ball is thrown at a velocity of 20 km/hr to a 60-kg person who is at
rest on ice. The person catches the ball and subsequently slides with the ball across
the ice. Determine the velocity of the person and the ball after the collision.

So 60v + 15v = 300

75v = 300
v = 300/75 = 4kmh-1
Applyingconservation
Applying conservation of momentum
of momentum in isolated
in simple simple isolated systems
systems including including
(but (but
not limited not
to) collisions,
limited to)or
explosions, collisions,
water jets explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
Applying
Applying conservation
conservation ofof momentum
momentum in
in simple
simple isolated
isolated systems
systems including
including (but
(but not
not limited
limited to)
to) collisions,
collisions,
explosions, or water jets
explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum
Momentum before:
m 1v 1 + m 2v 2
2.0x 0.3 + 3.0x(-)0.1 = 0.6 -0.3 = 0.3kg ms-1

Momentum after:
m1v1 + m2v2 = 0.3kg ms-1
2.0 x (-)0.15 + 3.0 x v2 = 0.3kg ms-1
(-)0.3 + 3.0 x v2 = 0.3kg ms-1
3.0 x v2 = 0.6kg ms-1
V2 = 0.6/3 = 0.2ms-1
Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions,
explosions, or water jets

Conservation of Momentum - explosions

Applying
Applying conservation
conservation ofof momentum
momentum in
in simple
simple isolated
isolated systems
systems including
including (but
(but not
not limited
limited to)
to) collisions,
collisions,
explosions, or water jets
explosions, or water jets

Practice questions
Have a go at the 12 practice questions.

Draw out the diagrams

Split into before and after
Sub in what you have

After that go onto the exploding carts interactive and fill in the
accompanying sheet

exploding carts interactive

Forces 2.4: ls2. conservation of momentum
Homework:
test?
Today’s lesson:
• Applying conservation of
momentum in simple Starter:
isolated systems ★ What is the equation for
including (but not limited ★ momentum?
Is it a scalar or a vector? why?
to) collisions, explosions, ★ What is the conservation of
or water jets momentum

Big Question:
How can concept of momentum and the principle of momentum conservation can be
used to analyse and predict the outcome of a wide range of physical interactions, from
macroscopic motion to microscopic collisions
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets

Elastic and inelastic collisions

Elastic collisions: kinetic energy before collision = kinetic energy after

Inelastic collisions: kinetic energy before collision does not equal it after
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets

Buzz Lightyear has a mass of 160kg in his space suit. He flies straight at Zurg at 40m.s-1. Zurg has
20kg more mass that Buzz and can only fly at 30m.s-1, and he is doing this – straight towards Buzz!
Assuming they stick together in one lump, calculate:
a the speed and direction of Buzz and Zurg immediately after impact;
b the loss of kinetic energy due to the impact.
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets
Buzz Lightyear has a mass of 160kg in his space suit. He flies straight at Zurg at 40m.s-1. Zurg has
20kg more mass that Buzz and can only fly at 30m.s-1, and he is doing this – straight towards Buzz!
Assuming they stick together in one lump, calculate:
a the speed and direction of Buzz and Zurg immediately after impact;
b the loss of kinetic energy due to the impact.

mB = 160kg uB = 40m.s-1
mZ = 180kg uZ = - 30m.s-1

a Initial momentum = (160 x 40) - (180 x 30)

= 1000kg.m.s-1
Final momentum = (160 + 180) v
Using principle of conservation of momentum:
1000 = 340v
v = 2.94m.s-1 in the direction in which Buzz was initially travelling.

b KE before impact = (0.5 x 160 x 40 x 40) + (0.5 x 180 x -30 x -30)

= 209kJ
KE after impact = (0.5 x 340 x 2.94 x 2.94)
= 1.5kJ
Loss of KE = 207.5kJ
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets
• Applying conservation of momentum in simple isolated systems including (but not limited to) collisions, explosions, or
water jets

Tasks for today

pick the task that you feel you need more practice with.
ALL: complete momentum question sheet

More consolidation:
● read through: physics classroom
● watch crash course : crash course (9mins)

More practice:
● have a go at the extra worksheet: worksheet 2 with answers
● have a go at the interactives: link to a few interactives

Take it further:
● research what are inelastic and elastic collisions?
● what is impulse? how can you link momentum to car safety?
 Momentum 2.4: ls3. impulse
Homework:
finish momentum
Today’s lesson: questions for tuesday
• Using Newton’s second law
quantitatively and qualitatively in
cases where mass is not constant Starter:
• Sketching and interpreting why do cars have airbags?
force–time graphs
• Determining impulse in various
contexts including (but not limited
to) car safety and sports

Big Question:
How can concept of momentum and the principle of momentum conservation can be
used to analyse and predict the outcome of a wide range of physical interactions, from
macroscopic motion to microscopic collisions
• Using Newton’s second law quantitatively and qualitatively in cases where mass is
not constant

Force and momentum

How does it link
to newton’s
second law?

Force = ∆p/t

Momentum change, Δp = pf - pi = mv - mu = m (v - u)

Rate of change of momentum, Δp = m (v - u) = ma

Δt Δt
• Using Newton’s second law quantitatively and qualitatively in cases where mass is not constant

Safety and momentum

• Determining impulse in various contexts including (but not limited to) car safety and sports

Impulse
F = Δp/Δt
FΔt = Δp

FΔt = Δp
The quantity FΔt is called the IMPULSE
Impulse = change in momentum
• Determining impulse in various contexts including (but not limited to) car safety and sports

Impulse
F = Δp/Δt
FΔt = Δp Impulse:
FΔt = Δp force x time
for which the
The quantity FΔt is called the IMPULSE
force acts
Impulse = change in momentum

So what is it
measured Impulse is measured in N.s (Ft)
in? or kg.m.s-1 (change in momentum)
• Determining impulse in various contexts including (but not limited to) car safety and sports

Example :
After being hit, a golf ball of mass 45.93 g reaches a speed of 94
m.s-1. What impulse was given to the ball? If the ball was in contact
with the club head for 0.2 ms, what was the average force given to
the ball whilst in contact with the club head?

Impulse = FΔt = Δp = mv – mu
Impulse = (45.93 x 10-3 x 94) – 0
= 4.32 Ns

F = Δp/∆t = 4.32/0.2 x 10-3 = 21600N

• Determining impulse in various contexts including (but not limited to) car safety and sports

Example :
A tennis ball (0.3 kg) hits a racquet at 3 m.s-1 and
rebounds in the opposite direction at 6 m.s-1 . What
impulse is given to the ball?

Impulse = Δp = mv – mu What do you think the

sketch of a force time
= 0.3x-6 – 0.3x3 graph would look for
= -2.7kg.m.s- this?
• Sketching and interpreting force–time graphs
• Sketching and interpreting force–time graphs

Area under a force-time graph = impulse

Area = impulse = average force x time
• Interpret force time graphs

resources, questions and answers

● impulse and momentum questions answers
● more impulse questions answers at the end
● momentum questions
● more momentum questions
● worked examples elastic and inelastic collisions
● QQT cards
● summary sheet
● padlet
● Quizlet (includes 2.3 and 2.2)
 Momentum 2.4: ls4. revision on topic 2
Homework:
Today’s lesson:
• Using Newton’s second law
quantitatively and qualitatively in
cases where mass is not constant
• Sketching and interpreting Starter:
force–time graphs quiz quiz trade
• Determining impulse in various
contexts including (but not limited
to) car safety and sports

Big Question:
How can concept of momentum and the principle of momentum conservation can be
used to analyse and predict the outcome of a wide range of physical interactions, from
macroscopic motion to microscopic collisions
 mini whiteboard Quiz
1. What does translational equilibrium mean?
2. Sketch the forces acting on a ball moving down a slope at a constant
speed
3. Split weight down a slope into its components
4. What is the conservation of energy
5. What is the work done on a satellite orbiting the earth?
6. what is the equation for work done on a spring?
7. how can you calculate the work done on a spring graphically?
8. what is the conservation of momentum?
9. what is impulse
10. what are the units for impulse
In tables create a mind map of the topic. what interlinks
What are you confident with? What do you need more help with?
Your turn independent work
suggested tasks:

● practice mechanics test mark scheme at the end

● flashcards
● make summary notes - have you tried getting all key notes for each unit onto
one page - what about the cornell method look at the end of th video to see
examples
● go through the unit booklets
● ask me for help
● use the online
resources.