1.

Brake calculations

F=m . g . μ … … … … … … … .(1)

Where:
Friction force is a Force ∈ N
μ is a friction factor
g is a gravity
mis total mass of chukudu , carry load∧chukuduself

F=390∗9.81∗0.8 … … … … … … … .(1)
F=3,060 N

2. Decelerations
v 2−v 1
a= ……………………………………… (2)
tⅈmⅇ ❑

Let’s assume maximum velocity of the chukudu is 15 Km/hr or 4.16 m/sec

4.16−0
a=
2.5 ❑

a=1.66 m/sec 2❑

Where:
a is acceleration

v1 starting velocity

v 2 is a final velocity

F
a= ………………………………………(2)
m❑
mis total mass of chukudu , carry load∧chukuduself

F is total force in N
3,672
a=
390 ❑
 3. Pressure on the wheel flange
F
P= …………………………………..(3)
A❑

The area for the pads is two sides

A= 2 * W *H
A= 2 * 0.04 * 0.02 =0.0016 m^2

3672
Pressure on the wheel = a= 0.0016 =2.29 Mpa
❑

4. Torque on the brake

r 1+ r 2
R median ……………………………..( 4)
2
R= (250+210) /2 = 230 mm

Torque = Force x Brake Radius

Torque = 3672 *0.23
Torque = 844 Nm^2

5. Kienetic Energy
1
KE= m v 2
2
Where :
KE kinetic Energy

1 2
KE= 390 ¿( 4.16)
2
KE= 3,374 Joule

Energy
6. Braking Power = ……………………………… (5)
Time
3374
Braking Power =
2 .5
Braking Power = 1349 watt

7. Load transformations

 Wheels
F
σ=
A
Total load on the wheel = 390/2 = 195 kg

Total weight on the wheel= 195 * 9.81

Total weight on the wheel =1912 N

8. Normal stress on the wood

A=b x h
A=0.1 * 0.05 - 0.03 x 0.05 = 3.5 x 10^-3 m^2

956 N
σ=
3.5 x 10−3
σ =0.273 Mpa

9. Bearing stress on the wood

A=d x h
A= 0.05 x 0.03 = 1.5 x 10^-3 m^2
F
σ bearing=
A
 956
σ bearing= −3
1.5 x 10

σ bearing=¿0.37 Mpa

10. Shear stress on the wood

π
A=2 x ( 0.2 )2= 1.5 x 10^-3 m^2
2

F
τ= ……………………….(6)
A

956
τ= = 13.6 Mpa
0.0628

Also for the tightening screw or pins, we could calculate the the bearing stress for the
bolt and washer that contact with each.
Internal Force
σ bolt =
Bolt Area

11. Deflection Calculation

depth 20 cm
1. Board deflections 30mm
3
bh
Moment of Inertia =
12

0.22 x 0.033
Moment of Inertia = Ry2 1.5 m Ry1
12
Moment of Inertia = 49.5 x 10^-6 M^4
 4
5wl
Deflection Rate =
384 EI
Where E is modulus of Elasticity

5 x 2.74 x 1. 54
Y= 384 x 17.9 x 106 x 49.5 x 10−6
¿
¿
125
Y=
3402
Y= 0.036 cm

12. Tolerancing
For the finding exact theoretical calculation for the chukudu tolerancing we must devide
all chukudu’s part based on the type of tolerancing.