ONCOLOGY

14
1.
a F Ultraviolet light exposure
b F Linked to herpes simplex type 11
infection
cT In Africa and in Europe
d T And leukaemia and breast cancer
e T And lung cancer

2.
a F Testicular germ cell turnours
b T And testicular germ cell turnours
c F Colorectal carcinoma
d F As yet, no marker for cervical
carcinoma
e F Ovarian carcinoma

3.
a T Expresses the value of a positive test
i.e. the sensitivity
b T Expresses the value of a negative
test i.e. the specificity
c T A limitation in all screening
d F Sensitivity
e F Specificity

4.
a F Small cell carcinoma
b T And renal and ovarian carcinoma
c T And ovarian and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
D T Eaton Lambert syndrome
E T And other gastrointestinal malignancy

5.
a F Also records the presence or absence
of lymph node involvement
b F TO = excised tumour
c T And permits assessment of treatment
d T Without new lesions appearing
e F Indicates disease on just one side of
 the diaphragm

6.
a T And stage I I I E if there was also extra
lymphatic involvement
b F Disease would be classified as stageII E
c T Or other diffuse extra-lymphatic
involvement
d F Classified as stage IISE
e T A = asymptornatic

7.
a T TX,NO,MO = occult carcinoma
b T Or extension to visceral pleura/partial
atelectasis
c T Or spread to heart, great vessels,
mediastinum
d F Peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar
e T M1 = metastases present

8.
a T Impairing cell reproduction
b F 1 Joule per kilogram
c F Sealed sources implanted internally
d F Low energy radiation (50-100 kVp)
e F Hypoxia renders tissue less sensitive
to irradiation

9.
a T An anti-metabolite
b F A plant alkaloid
c F An antibiotic anticancer drug
(doxorubicin)
d T Also BCNU and CCNU
e T And transcription

10.
a F As different as possible
b F Differing modes of action
c T Against the treated tumour type
d T Or toxicity may limit benefit
e F Some reduction from optimal dose
 may be necessary

11.
a F Refractory to chemotherapy
b F But life sometimes prolonged
c T Also testicular teratoma
d IF Life sometimes prolonged
e T But not non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

12.
aT Surgery/radiotherapy are both useful
bT Surgery is useful
cT Surgery is useful
dF Highly sensitive but rarely cured
eT Surgery is useful

13.
a T Usually reversible
b F Usually alkylating agents
c T Usually dilated (congestive)
d F Bleomycin and busulphan
e T Peripheral sensorimotor

14.
a T Testosterone suppression
b T Suppresses TSH
c T Particularly the well-differentiated
turnours
d F Used in breast carcinoma
e T Blocks oestrogen binding

15.
a F Should be given regularly
b T Affects prostaglandin metabolism
c F Diamorphine can also be given in
smaller volumes
d F Dihydrocodeine is more potent
e F Occasionally valuable preterminally

16.
a T A benzodiazepine
b T Blocks dopaminergic receptors
c T 5HT3 receptor antagonist
d T Given parenterally with chemotherapy
e F Chemotherapeutic agent which
causes nausea and vomiting

17.
a T Typically with leukaemia
b T Impaired excretion of tumour products
c F Causes hyperkalaernia
d T Controls hyperuricaernia
e T And acute renal failure