ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7

COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN

DESIGN
PBSARC 036

RESEARCH
(LIBRARY)

Submitted by:
PACUN, CHARLES JHON G.
BSARC – 4A

Submitted to:
AR. ANTONETTE CRUZ
Instructor
 LIBRARY

INTRODUCTION

A library is a set of materials, tools, and activities kept in a facility that is

arranged to be used and sustained by a public entity, an organization, or a
private individual. A library, in the more conventional sense, is a collection
of books and a reservoir of information for future use. There are many
different media for retaining and documenting human knowledge. Paper was
formerly regarded to be the best material for writing or printing documents.
However, as science and technology have advanced, electronic multimedia
is now often used to maintain knowledge in community, academic, national,
and professional libraries. Prior to the introduction of internet search
engines, people with concerns would frequently refer to the most credible
source they knew: their public library. All you had to do was inquire, and a
librarian would either directly answer your query or guide you to a book that
had the information you wanted. Although the Internet has overtaken this
vital function for many, physical libraries remain immensely popular,
especially in our ever-changing plugged-in society. They are vital sources of
information and much more. Almost every major society that followed
constructed libraries, which served as reservoirs of information gathered
from all around the world. Some were so massive and all-encompassing that
their legend continues on today.

HISTORY & BACKGROUND

The development of libraries began with the initial approaches to arranging paper
archives. Connectivity of the collection, purchase of materials, layout and finding tools,
the book trade, the impact of the physical properties of various writing materials, dialect
distribution, the importance of education, rates of reading skills, expenditures, resourcing,
library resources for the target customer, architectural merit, styles of usage, and the
function of government, church, or private sponsorship beginning in the 1960s, computer
technology, and digitalization transformed several elements of libraries. The first libraries
were archives of the earliest type of writing, pottery shards in cuneiform script unearthed
in temple halls in Sumer, some going back to 2600 BC. Tablets were about an inch thick
and came in a range of styles and sizes. The wooden frames were filled with mud-like
clay, and the top was leveled for writing before being allowed to dry until moist. After
being written, the clay was either sun-dried or fired in a kiln for a tougher finish. Tablets
could be stacked on edge, side by side, for storage, with the contents specified by a title
inscribed on the edge that faced out and was easily visible.

Types of Library:
According to the mode of services rendered to the readers; libraries are broadly divided
into four types:

1. Academic Library,

2. Special Library,

3. Public Library, and

4. National Library.

1. Academic library is the library which is attached to academic institutions like schools,
colleges and universities. An academic library serves more specifically the students,
research scholars, teachers and staff of the academic institution. Main objective of an
academic library is to give maximum learning materials to its clientele so that they may
be fully educated in their respective level. Academic libraries are categorized into school
libraries, college libraries and university libraries.

A. School Library: A school library is a learning laboratory, providing a variety of

instructional media, essential for optimum support of the education programme. The
purpose of the school library is to attain the objectives of the educational programme. It
concerns with the development of effective methods of thinking, inculcation of social
attitudes, acquisition of important information and promoting growth and development
among the children. The function of the school library is to help the students in the
process of their self-discovery, to adopt high ideals in life, improve scholastic efficiency
through self-study and to develop the capacity for critical thinking.

B. College Library: College performs an important function in educational process.

A college without a library is like a tree with no roots. The status of every college is
measured through the position of the library that it maintains. Hence every college library
should become a teaching instrument in itself. A college library is expected to support the
objectives of the college. Thus, the basic function of a college library is to assist its parent
body to carry out its programmes.

C. University Library: A library is more important in a University, because a

library can do without a University where as a university cannot function without a
library. A university library is an integral part of the institution. It is primarily maintained
for the benefit of students, officers, faculty members and for those who are engaged in
research work. It plays a very important role in the national life of the community by
acquiring material for educational use for the benefit of students and teaching
departments.

2. Special library became popular since the beginning of 20th century. A special library
is one which serves a particular group of people, such as the employees of a firm of
government department, or the staff and members of a professional or research
organization. Such a library deals essentially in information (Krishan Kumar; 1987; 72)

3. A public library (also called circulating library) is a library which is accessible by the
public and is generally funded from public sources (such as tax money) and may be
operated by the civil servants. Taxing bodies for public libraries may be at any level from
local to national central government level. The public library is an excellent model of
government at its best. A locally controlled public good, it serves every individual freely,
in as much or as little depth as he or she wants. (Wikipedia)

4. A national library is a library specifically established by the government of a country

to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public
libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare,
valuable, or significant works. A National Library is that library which has the duty of
collecting and preserving the literature of the nation within and outside the country, Thus,
National Library are those libraries whose community is the nation at large.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Collection space (including public electronic workstation space)

Are areas where bound paper documents, film, or magnetic media are stored. A
collection space type may include both open and closed storage systems and moveable
shelving systems, and be applicable to file rooms and other dense storage of material in
conditioned office environments.

User seating space

Typically this will include seating at tables, carrels, lounge chairs, and the like. It can
also include other types of settings, such as a diner booth that may be provided in a young
adult area, or a rocker in a preschool collection. The library will probably provide
additional spaces where a patron may sit—at some of the public access computer stations
discussed in the previous step or in small group study rooms.

Staff work space

The staff work areas include sections such as reference desks and circulation desks.
Also important are areas such as staff break rooms and administrative offices.

Meeting space
A meeting room is a space usually set aside for people to get together, often
informally to hold meetings, for issues to be discussed, priorities set and decisions made.
Many public libraries provide meeting rooms to accommodate library-sponsored
programs and other community meetings. The number and size of meeting rooms should
be determined by the library's anticipated programming activities and by the availability
of similar rooms elsewhere in the community for use by other local groups. There are
four broad types of meeting room space commonly found in public libraries. General
program space (with lecture hall or theatre seating), conference room space, and
children’s story-time space are found in many libraries, and increasingly libraries are
choosing to provide dedicated space for a computer training lab. Depending on the
demands of its community, a library may have one or more general meeting or
programming rooms. If the library provides no other space for meetings and programs, a
general multi-purpose space will typically be the choice. In a smaller library, this kind of
room can support general library programs, board and committee meetings, and
children’s story-times.

Special use space

Special use space must be allotted for elements of an individual library’s program of
service or for special types of furnishings that have not been accounted for in earlier
sections of this outline. For example, none of the four types of library floor space
described thus far includes an allocation for index tables, newspaper racks, pamphlet
files, microfilm readers, or photocopiers. Small group study rooms represent another kind
of special use space, as does a staff lounge or break room. More and more libraries are
seeking to accommodate some kind of refreshment or beverage service, another use that
falls under the heading of special use space. A server room, which is an increasingly
important part of a library’s day-to-day operational needs, can also be considered as part
of special use space. Dedicated stations for self-check-out activities could also be
considered as special use space.
Non-assignable space (including mechanical space)
Nonassignable space is that portion of a building’s floor space that cannot be applied
or assigned directly to library service. Some representative types of nonassignable space
are furnace rooms, janitor’s closets, telecommunications closets, storage rooms,
vestibules, corridors, stairwells, elevator shafts, and rest rooms. Such space is necessary
to support the operation of the building, but it cannot be used directly for library service.

SAMPLE DESIGN & FLOOR PLANS

National Library of China : 5.6 million visitors per year

Zi Zhu Qiao, Haidian ,Beijing, China

Established as the Imperial Library of Peking in 1909, the National Library of China
is now the largest library in Asia, with holdings of over 35 million items. The library’s
annual report puts their total visitors (across multiple locations) at 5.6 million (5,639,900,
to be precise) in 2016.

State Library of Victoria : 2 million visitors per year

Melbourne, Australia
 Founded in 1854, the State Library of Victoria now holds more than 1.5 million
books, including special collections highlighting chess, the arts, the diaries of
Melbourne's founders, and the folios of Captain James Cook. The centerpiece of the
library is the LaTrobe Reading Room, a soaring octagonal space with the capacity to
accommodate more than one million books and 500 researchers or readers in one sitting.
At the time of its completion in 1913, the LaTrobe Reading Room was the largest dome
in the world; today, it houses the library's extensive Australiana collection..

Royal Danish Library : 1.44 million visitors per year

Copenhagen, Denmark

The Danish Royal Library is the national library of Denmark, founded in 1648 by
King Frederik III. The library holds all works printed in Denmark since the 17th century
and nearly every Danish book ever written, dating back to the first Danish book printed in
1482. The Danish Royal Library is the largest library among the Nordic countries. Many
significant works, including the correspondence of Hans Christian Anderson and
historical maps of the Polar Region, are held here. Holdings also include the
Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection, named for Icelandic scholar Arnas Magnæan, who
dedicated much of his life collecting manuscripts from Iceland, Norway, Denmark, and
Sweden until his death in 1730.

REFERENCES

https://www.britannica.com/story/a-brief-history-of-libraries?
fbclid=IwAR2GiG7PtBpsvRxxCAqdxVwU7WN518xBCB53i0yuxV17I5
UxjK8Dk4KXYE0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_libraries#Origins

https://www.lisedunetwork.com/types-libraries-academic-public-
national-special-library/

https://www.thebestcolleges.org/amazing-libraries/

https://lithub.com/the-12-most-popular-libraries-in-the-world/
 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7
COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN
DESIGN
PBSARC 036

RESEARCH
(MUSEUM)

Submitted by:
PACUN, CHARLES JHON G.
BSARC – 4A

Submitted to:
AR. ANTONETTE CRUZ
Instructor
 MUSEUM

INTRODUCTION

A museum is an institution that houses and displays artifacts of

economic, historical, social, and artistic importance. They are mainly non-
profit permanent assets established to benefit society as a whole. They are
built to safeguard and care for the available materials to the public so that
they may easily access and discover them. Museums attempt to provide
visitors with interactions that improve their understanding or enjoyment of
historical or cultural things. Museums allow individuals of all ages and
origins to know about and experience diverse cultures. These places provide
visitors with a rare glimpse into worlds that are either long gone or cannot
exist for future generations, and they enable them to experience things that
they would otherwise find only on paper or on a computer. Museum exhibits
may bring historical personalities to life by allowing visitors to see clothes,
tools, furniture, and reproductions of people's homes from many generations
ago. Seeing such things in person enables us to identify with the character in
a way that reading a book does not.

HISTORY & BACKGROUND

A museum is a location and an institution that gathers, cares for, and

exhibits objects, antiques, and other tangible evidence of human nature and
historical events and makes them accessible for public viewing. The term
"museum" derives from the Ancient Greek "mouseion," which meant "seat
of Muses" and was used to describe a philosophical institution or a place for
reflection. The Latin word "museum" was used in Rome for spaces where
intellectual conversations took place. The history of museums is extensive.
The life of Homo Sapiens is associated with artwork, and it is a method for
individuals to connect with one another. Furthermore, the drive to produce
and contribute to what is made is strongly intertwined with the impulse to
gather. The artist, the owner, the observer, and the artwork are all
components of the same solution, and the museum is the chalkboard on
which it is written. Museums today are different, but we can all agree on
what it means to show, collect, preserve, and investigate society's cultural
history. The earliest museum in recorded history was established in
Alexandria in the third century BC. Museums have gone a long way since
then, and are now in charge of preserving and keeping all traces of human
civilization. If you visit a museum, you will see the first written books, the
first aircraft to fly, and even the remains of creatures that once roamed the
world millions of years ago. Museums may now be found in every city and
region of the world. They serve as an important reservoirs for the history of
human civilization and the development of life on Earth.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Museums can vary considerably in size, type and purpose, therefore it is important to
be able to narrow down the particular features and context for the project as concepts are
developed. Some museums employ large amounts of staff, qualified experts who curate,
manage and conserve the collections. Other museums however, may require very few
staff to oversee the exhibits.
While there is no standard formula for space planning and areas for a museum, due
to their variations, much of the requirements will come from the clients brief, type of
collection, purpose and so on. It is important to understand the museum’s mission, and
create an interesting layout for the collections. Key to this is the circulation through the
spaces and how the visitors interact with the exhibits.

These museum spaces can include (but are not limited to):

Exhibits:
－ Exhibit Gallery
－ Main Exhibit Gallery
－ Permanent Display Area
－ Multipurpose Area
－ Exhibit Floor
－ Collection Study
－ Glass display Areas
－ Interactive Display Areas
－
Entry, Lobby, Admission, Store
－ Entry Vestibule
－ Lobby/ Orientation Admissions/Tickets
－ Museum Store
－ Back Storage for Museum Store
－ Performance Art Lobby

Storage and Conservation

－ Preparation Area
－ Storage (Artifacts) Storage (Paintings)
－ Storage Area (Furniture)
－ Warehouse Area

Administration
－ Reception/Waiting
－ Executive Director & Toilet
－ Associate Director Office
－ Office Manager Bookeeper
－ Store Manager
－ Future Staff Copy/Work Room/ Mail
 － Small Meeting/Planning Area
－ Filing and Storage
－ Conference Rooms
－ Staff Area
－ Technical Room
－ Exhibit Shop & Warehouse
－ Facilities Manager Near Exhibit Floor Supply Storage
－ Flammable Storage
－ Design Area
－ Exhibit Shop
－ Teaching Gallery Workshop Area
－ Museum Research Library

Security
－ Security Staff Area
－ Control Rooms
－ Loading Dock
－ Storage Space

Temperature/Comfort
－ Temp. Control Area
－ HVAC Room
－ Toilets

Conservation
－ Conservation
－ Conservation Lab Paper
－ Conservation Lab Canvas
－ Conservation Lab Photography

Landscape/ Other
－ Sculpture Garden Water Feature
－ Viewing Tower

Auditorium
－ Lecture Hall
－ Back of the House Facilities
SAMPLE DESIGN & FLOOR PLANS

LE LOUVRE MUSEUM
PARIS,FRANCE

The Musée du Louvre has way more to offer than just Leonardo da Vinci's Mona
Lisa. King Philip II ordered the construction of a fortress in 1190 to protect Paris. During
the 16th century, the Louvre served as a royal palace for the monarchy until King Louis
XIV moved the royal residence to Versailles. The National Assembly opened the Louvre
as a museum in 1793, starting its legacy as the world’s largest art museum. The Winged
Victory of Samothrace and Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss are just a few of the nearly
380,000 works of art within the Louvre.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

NEW YORK, USA

The beginnings of the Metropolitan Museum of Art date back as far as 1866 in Paris,
France, where a group of Americans discussed the need to bring art education to the
public. On April 13, 1870, the Met opened within the historic Dodworth Building before
moving to its permanent location on Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street in 1880.
THE BRITISH MUSEUM
LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

The British Museum in London was founded in 1753 and opened its doors in 1759. It
was the first national museum to cover all fields of human knowledge, open to visitors
from across the world. No other museum is responsible for collections of the same depth
and breadth, beauty and significance. Its eight million objects allow us to explore the
extraordinary diversity of human cultures, from small communities to vast empires, to
discover the many forms and expressions human beings have given to every aspect of
life, and to realize how closely they are interconnected

REFERENCES

https://www.scribd.com/document/492851574/Space-Requirements

https://www.veranda.com/travel/g1436/best-museums-in-the-world/

https://theluxurytravelexpert.com/2020/11/09/top-10-best-museums-in-
the-world/

http://importanceofstuff.com/museum?
fbclid=IwAR0A33osK4uDnj8TU5GoB2KehbumO76hf__S-Sbj0-
I_8OH_PgnYJBkzNMI

https://www.thecollector.com/history-of-museums/?
fbclid=IwAR2S11EBFK7cS_CmYBymYoJPJl6FVpZqaviVk2epRje6Yr
MEs-LP7zSbNd0

http://www.historyofmuseums.com/?
fbclid=IwAR0lkjmC82HhiONrPU3r2Qg02ld84u0mTgsxTTT6o6mopih
JUQsITwZLmI4

https://edgearticles.com/2019/01/09/importance-of-museum-essay/?
fbclid=IwAR0FA45oLe81vJFpCiQdiYAEpC1HKXn8RwFThOMiLHD
q_Jvh1LTFbb-q8WE
 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7
COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN
DESIGN
PBSARC 036

RESEARCH
(PARK)

Submitted by:
PACUN, CHARLES JHON G.
BSARC – 4A

Submitted to:
AR. ANTONETTE CRUZ
Instructor
 PARK
NTRODUCTION

A park is an area with numerous trees and plants, as well as swings for
children. It is a recreational area where children and adults may stroll, run,
play, or sit. A park can be of various sizes. A park might be large or modest
in size. It may contain a variety of items depending on their intended usage.
Some parks feature a lot of swings for kids. Swings, see-saws, and slides are
situated in areas where all children may enjoy them together. Some parks
cater to adults, with workout equipment, walking paths, and seats for the
elderly. Parks are extremely significant in society. They assist people in
staying fit and healthy. Sitting on the grass and being surrounded by trees is
incredibly healthful. It also alleviates tension and increases happiness.
People get together with their colleagues and have a good time together.
Parks provide a safe environment for children to play in where there are no
vehicles. Parks also help to make our civilization appear more lovely and
green. Trees are planted here, which is also beneficial to the ecology. In
urbanization, public parks are quite important. They function as the city's
breath. People go there to recharge themselves in the morning, noon, and
evening. People can rarely find a space to rest in the city's pathways and
sidewalks since the population is so dense. People of all ages, including
children, young and elderly, visit for a walk, leisure, and relaxation. Parks
improve the look and biodiversity of our civilization. Parks are the only
places in urban neighborhoods where people of all ages may sit, unwind, and
breathe fresh air. Parks allow people to feel more connected to nature.

HISTORY & BACKGROUND

Kabayani Park is a study center where artifacts of historical

significance/events, Filipino principles, beliefs, traditions, cultural identity,
tourist attractions, and even expressive interest are viewed and displayed at
the school for the advantage of instructors, students, and even the
community. It is suitable for active learning or quiet observation. It allows
teachers, and especially students, to browse resources for ideas, knowledge,
and enjoyment. Also, the first landscape to be established in the United
States was Central Park. We fail to respect the park's origins and the length
of time it took to properly construct the environment because of its status.
We also neglect to recognize the amount of change that Central Park
underwent in order to improve and rebuild dependent on the people who live
nearby or money donated for the park. Although Central Park is now one of
the most popular tourist destinations in the United States, this was not
always the case. Fredrick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vauz were the first to
create Central Park. On July 21, 1853, the New York State Legislature
passed legislation designating over 750 arches and land vital to Manhattan
island as America's first significant landscaped public park. As a result of
this, there was a challenge in which several creative architects presented
their vision for the landscape.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

When designing a park, there are certain functional aspects to consider, such as:

Recreational Area/playground
Children’s play is a time of aggregation for different age groups, to encourage
physical activity and social inclusion. It is fundamental to properly equip a playground
and recreational-sports facilities also for disabled children and recreational-sports
facilities for adults and the elderly;
the didactics and civic training nature of urban parks is considered a primary element
from a cultural perspective that also plays a fundamental learning tool, for example, when
learning signs regarding the different types of trees and the information tables on the
naturalistic characteristics of the area (vegetation, fauna, history and culture) or in case of
community gardens, etc;

Sport Area
Sports is an activity which must be encouraged at every level, taking in mind space
and planning possibilities, it is fundamental for physical and mental health and for
recreation and aggregation;

Reserved area
Animals cohabit easily within these reserved areas; it is important to provide waste
bins and other solutions for collecting dog waste as well as comfort zones for animals and
their owners such as shading, open space, seating areas, drinking water etc;

Seating area
Benches and seating areas are an important part of an urban park as essential for
social interactions and for reading, resting, or simply to make conversation. It is
important to identify shaded and quiet areas, as far as possible from roads or high traffic
volume;

Pathways
Pedestrian paths in green areas must be easily accessible by persons with different
abilities, and which are at least 2 metres wide and well illuminated. They must connect
different parts of the area and foresee adequate access from the surrounding roads and
contain resting areas with benches , areas shaded by trees, arbours, gazebos and drinking
fountains;

Pavements
Paved surfaces provided for the public in urban areas, generally need to be used
safely by people across all age groups, some of whom may have various mobility or
sensory impairments or need to be accessible for prams and wheelchairs.

SAMPLE DESIGN & FLOOR PLANS

Central Park, New York, USA

Possibly one of the most famous parks in the world, Central Park ranks alongside the
Empire State Building and the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of New York City. Not only
was Central park the first public park in America, but it’s also the most visited – with
over 25-million visitors each year.

HIBIYA PARK, TOKYO, JAPAN

An oasis in the heart of Tokyo, Hibiya Park is Japan’s first Western-style park. The
16-hectare grounds contain some 3,100 trees and 10,000-square-metres of green lawns
and pretty flower beds. Two outdoor music venues host weekend events and festivals,
alongside several restaurants and a tennis court.
LUMPINI PARK, BANGKOK, THAILAND

The first public park in Bangkok, Lumpini was named after Buddha’s place of birth
in Nepal. Featuring shady paths, green lawns and a large lake, the park is the perfect
escape from the city’s urban noise. Kids can take to the playgrounds or couples can take a
romantic paddle boat ride. Enormous monitor lizards also roam the park, giving you the
chance to meet the local wildlife.

REFERENCES

https://www.onthegotours.com/blog/2018/03/worlds-best-city-parks

https://www.studymode.com/essays/Kabayani-Park-917606.html?
fbclid=IwAR3MRvyc6zDnMKCThmmKuEnyRIAe9aiMvjYRCUHprdlJEvNNXqeKPBs
_LxU

https://studymoose.com/old-history-paper-example-essay?
fbclid=IwAR1_PTfIv6peQsuf7VvInZQ2sP4CiIS8FaqKhDyhvrFrWgeJw2MH1NiR2ac

https://www.newspeechtopics.com/essay-on-importance-of-public-park/?
fbclid=IwAR2wH7UoXU4sPG-aiLECL6ZN6QSTjlaqyt9ErglbzC6owZ9oEBiiM95LcX4

https://englishsummary.com/short-essay-on-park-in-english-for-students/?
fbclid=IwAR0nQKM5vOSQL7wDWrASay4a8cFHTtGCT_nuhti-NtBF7q3tdkHq-
nbwxUQ#gsc.tab=0

file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/1352-ArticleText-6336-1-10-20190917.pdf