International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Online ISSN: 2349-4182 Print ISSN: 2349-5979

www.allsubjectjournal.com
Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2016; Page No. 56-63

,uh. KUfntspd; ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ ehty] kw;Wk; ,af;Fdh; ghyhtpd; ‘gunjrp’

jpiug;glk] ‘jGty’; mog;gilapy; xU Ma]t[
[From Novel to Film: An insight into R.Murugavel’s fiction, Eriyum panikaadu and
Director Bala’s movie, Paradesi]
1
,u. jkpH;r;bry;tp,2Kidth; jpU. $p. gh!;fud;
1
cjtp nguhrpupia/ M';fpyj;Jiw/ g{.rh.nfh. bjhHpy; El;gk; kw;Wk; gad;nehf;F Muha;r;rp fy;Y}hp/
ePyhk;g{h;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h]/ jkpH;ehL.
2
nguhrpupah;. jpU. $p./ gh!;fud;/ Jiwj; jiyth;/ M';fpyj;Jiw/ fhe;jp fpuhk fpuhkPa gy;fiyf;
fHfk;/ jpz;Lf;fy]/ jkpH;ehL.

RUf;fk; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk;/ jpiug;glj;jpw;Fk; mog;gilahff; bfhz;l jpiug;gl';fs; epiwa

,ilna epiwa ,ilbtsp epytp te;j nghjpYk]/ btw;wpa[k; bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd. cjhuzj;jpw;F
‘jGty;’ (Adaptation) Ma;t[fs; \yk;/ ‘fl;lbghk;kd]’/ ‘gk;gha;’/ ‘fy;Y}hp’ Mfpa
,g;bghGJ ,tw;wpw;fpilna ,Uf;Fk; tphpry; rw;W jpiug;gl';fis Twyhk;.
RU';fp tUtij czuyhk;.\yE}iy (Source ,g;go jpiuf;fijia/ cz;ikr; rk;gt';fspd;
Text) mog;gilahff; bfhz;l jGty; gilg;g[fs; mog;gilapy; ,af;FtJ xUg[wk; ,Uf;f/
,d;W epiwa gpugykile;J tUfpwJ.xU ey;y g[j;j';fis mog;gilahff; bfhz;l
jpiug;glk; ghh;g;gbjd;gJ/ xU rpwe;j g[j;jfj;ij jpiug;gl';fs;/ ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; kpft[k;
gog;gjw;f;fPlhd mDgtj;ij bfhLg;gjhFk;. gpugykile;J tUfpwJ. jpiug;gl';fs; vd;git
jpiug;glKk;/ ,yf;fpaKk; btt;ntW thH;tpaypd; mHiff; fhl;Ltjw;fhft[k;/
ghpkhzk';fs; bfhz;l Clf';fshf r\fj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ghft[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. xU
,Ue;jhYk;/ ,tw;wpw;fpilna xU beUf;fkhd ey;y jpiug;glk; ghh;g;gbjd;gJ/ xU rpwe;j
,ilbtsp ,Ug;gJ cz;ikjhd;. ,e;j Ma;t[f; g[j;jfj;ij gog;gjw;f;fPlhd mDgtj;ij
fl;Liuapd; nehf;fk;/ ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ vd;w bfhLg;gjhFk;. jpiug;glKk;/ ,yf;fpaKk;
\yE}Yf;Fk] mjd; jGty; gilg;ghf btspte;j btt;ntW ghpkhzk';fs; bfhz;l Clf';fshf
gunjrp vd;Dk; jpiug;glj;jpw;Fk; cs;s ,yf;fpa ,Ue;jhYk;/ ,tw;wpw;fpilna xU beUf;fkhd
gpizg;ig vLj;Jiug;gjhFk;. mhp!;lhl;oypd; ,ilbtsp ,Ug;gJ cz;ikjhd;.
g[j;jfj;jpy; vGj;J totkha; ,Uf;Fk; midj;Jk;
\bthUik Tw;Wg;go/ fhyk;(Time) ,lk; (Place)
fhl;rp totk; bgw;why;/ mJ vg;go ,Uf;Fk; vd;w
kw;Wk; tpid (Action) nghd;wtw;iw
Kaw;rpjhd; ,e;j ‘jGty;’ gilg;g[fs;. ‘jGty;’
mog;gilahff; bfhz;L vGjg;gl]ljhFk;.
vd;gJ/ xU fijf;F/ vGj;jhsh; bfhLj;jpUf;Fk;
totk;/ ,af;Fdh; jpiug;glj;jpw;F bfhLf;Fk;
முன்னுரை: fhl;rp totj;ij tpl kpf rf;jp tha;e;jjhFk;.
jpiug;glj;jpw;bfd;W jdp bkhHp cz;L. mJ ,t;tpuz;L gilg;g[fspy;/ Kjd;ikahf
jpiubkhHp MFk;. fz;Kd;nd tphpa[k; fhl;rp fUjg;gLk; g[j;jfk;/ jd; vz;zw;w ,yf;fpar;
tz;z';fs; Kw;wpYk; fw;gid rhh;e;jitna Ritahy;/ kf;fs; kdjpy; eP';fhj ,lj;ij
my;yhky;/ rpy neu';fspy;/ rpy cz;ikr; gpoj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,Ue;jnghjpYk; Tl/ jpiug;glk;
rk;gt';fisa[k; mog;gilahff; vd;Dk; rf;jp tha;e;j Clfj;jpd; \yk;/ me;jf;
bfhz;litahFk;. Mjyhy; jhd; ,d;W gpugy fij fhl;rp totk; bgWk;bghGJ mjd; jhf;fk;
jpiug;gl';fis ehk; ghh;f;Fk; Kd;/ rKjhaj;jpy; bghpa mjph;tiyfis
‘,j;jpiug;glk; xU cz;ikr; rk;gtj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ. gp.vr;. nldpay; mth;fspd; 'Red
mog;gilahff; bfhz;lJ’ vd;w thrfj;ij Tea' (1969) vd;w g[j;jfj;jpd; bkhHpbgah;g;ghf
ghh;f;fpnwhk;. mg;go cz;ik rk;gt';fis fUjg;gLk;/ jpU. ,uh. KUfnts; mth;fspd;
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‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ (2007) jkpH; ,yf;fpaj;jpy;/ ,Jtiubtspte;Js;sghyhtpd; jpiug;gl';fis
mz;ik fhy';fspy; btspte;j xU rpwe;j fPH;f;fz;lthW thpirg;gLj;jyhk;.
bkhHpbgah;g;ghFk;. ,g;g[j;jfj;jpd; thapyhf
t.vz;. btspte;j Mz;L jpiug;glk;
md;iwa NHypy;/ M';fpnya Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; 1. 1999 nrJ
bfhj;joikfshf elj;jg;gl;L te;j njapiy 2. 2001 ee;jh
bjhHpyhsh;fspd;/ thH;f;if typia goj;J 3. 2003 gpjhkfd;
czuyhk;. ,d;W vHpy; kpFe;j njhl;l';fshft[k;/ 4. 2009 ehd; flt[s;
ehfhPfk; njha;e;j efu';fshft[k; 5. 2011 mtd; - ,td;
cUg;bgw;wpUf;Fk; njapiy njhl;l';fs; vy;yhk;/ 6. 2013 gunjrp
md;W Mapuk; Mapuk; bjhHpyhsh;fis
gypbfhz;l eufj;jpd; nky; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. nkw;Twpa midj;J gl';fSk;/ ghyhtpd; gl';fs;
,t;tpjkhf ek; ftd <h;g;g[f;F bfhz;L tug;gl;l vd;nw mwpag;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ/ fjhehafdpd;
'Red Tea' vd;Dk; ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ vd;Dk; glk;/ fjhehafpapd; glk; vd;W mth;fs; \yk; xU
E}ypd; Mrphpah; gp.vr;. nldpay; mth;fs;/ glj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk; m';fPfhuk;/ milahsk;
ehfh;nfhtpy; mfj;jP!;tuj;ijr; nrh;e;jth;. nghy; my;yhJ/ ,af;Fdhpd; glk; vd;w
thy;ghiw/ fhukiy njapiy v!;nll;oy;/ m';fPfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;lit ,thpd; gl';fs;.
1940Mk; Mz;L/ jiyik kUj;Jt mjpfhhpahf jpiug;glf; fiyapd; KGtotj;jpw;Fk;
fhy; gjpj;jhh;. mtnu ,f;fijapy; tUk;/ lhf;lh; bghWg;ghsp -gilg;ghsp/ me;jg; glj;jpd;
Mg;ufhk; fjhg;ghj;jpuKk; Mthh;. m';F epytpa ,af;Feh;jhd; vd;gJ nfhl;ghl;lstpy; cz;ik
kdpjj; jd;ikaw;w/ rfpf;f Koahj vd;whYk;/ eilKiwapy; gy neu';fspy; mg;gof;
NH;epiyiaf; fz;L gpd; th';fp tplhky; epd;W fUjg;gLtjpy;iy.
me;j kf;fSf;fhf nghuhl cWjp bfhz;lhh;. jkpH; rpdpkh tuyhw;wpy;/ ,af;Fdiu gpd;Df;Fj;
mth; jiyikapd; fPH; bjd;dpe;jpa njhl;l js;sptpl;L/ gy;ntW fiy"h;fs; me;j glj;jpw;F
cj;jpnahf!;jh;fs; r';fk;/ epidj;nj ghh;f;f bghWg;ghsh;fshf mwpag;gl;Ls;sdh;.
Koahj mstpw;F/ Vuhskhd chpikfis bgUk;ghyhd neu';fspy; epiwa jpiug;gl';fs;
btd;bwLj;jJ. kiyfspy; mLf;FKiwf;Fk;/ jkpH; rpdpkh eofh;fspd; gl';fshfnt
neha;fSf;Fk; gy;yhapuk; ciHf;Fk; kf;fs; mwpag;gLfpd;wd.me;j gl';fspd; ,af;Fdh;fs;
gypahff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j gphpl;o#; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bgw;wjpy;iy. cjhuzkhf/ eofh;
Vfhjpgj;jpathjpfis ciHf;Fk; kf;fspd; tpf;uk; eoj;J btw;wp bgw;w/ b$kpdp/ J}s;/ rhkp
ez;gh;fs; vd;Wk;/ mth;fSf;F tpLjiy Mfpa \d;W gl';fSf;Fk;/ mjd;
bfhLj;jth;fs; vd;Wk; rh;. bgh;rpty; fphpgpj; ,af;Fdh;fshd ruz;/ juzp/ Qhp Mfpnahnu
nghd;w gphpl;o#; tuyhw;whrphpah;fs; Twp te;jdh;. Kf;fpa bghWg;g[ vd;whYk;/ tpf;unk KG
mjw;F khwhf Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; cz;ik Kjw;fhuzk; vd;w gpk;gk; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Kfj;ija[k;/ kdpjneak; bfh";rKk; ,y;yhj mnj thpirapy;/ ,af;Fdh; ghyhtpd; gpjhkfDk;
mjd; <t[ ,uf;fkw;w Ruz;liya[k;/ eofh; tpf;ukpd; btw;wpg;glk; jhd;/ MdhYk;
btspr;rj;jpw;F bfhz;L tut[k;/ bjd;dpe;jpahtpy; me;jg;glk; tpf;ukpd; glkhff; fUjg;gltpy;iy.
njapiy njhl;lj; bjhHpiy cUthf;f/ Vbddpy;/ mjpy; mtuJ jdpj;j gilg;g[yfKk;/
Mapukhapuk; Kfk; bjhpahj bjhHpyhsh;fSk;/ gilg;g[ nehf;fKk;/ bjhpag;gLfpwJ. nkw;Twpa
vGj;Jg; gzpahsh;fSk; g[hpe;j khbgUk; vy;yh gl';fspSnk ,e;j jdpj;Jtj;ij ghyh
jpahf';fis cyFf;F mwptpf;ft[k; Mrphpah; jf;f itj;jpUg;gnj Mr;rhpak;jhd;. Vbddpy;/
,e;etPdj;ij vGjpdhh;. rpdpkhtpy;/ ,d;iwa tzpf rpdpkhtpy; - ,J
,j;jid khbgUk; etPdj;ij jGtp/ 'jGty;' rhj;jpag;gLj;JtJ mt;tst[ RygkhdJ my;y.
mog;gilapy; btspte;j jpiug;glk;/ ,af;Feh; Kw;wpYk; tpj;jpahrkhd fij fsj;ij
ghyh mth;fspd;/ ‘gunjrp’. jpiug;glj;jpd; ifahs;tJ ghyhtpw;F Kjy; glj;jpypUe;nj
Jtf;fj;jpy;/ Kidth; gp.vr;.nldpay; kw;Wk; mth; ghPl;rakhd xd;Wjhd;. Mjyhy;/ ‘vhpa[k;
FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk;/ jkpHpy; bkhHpbgah;g;g[ bra;j gdpf;fhL’ vd;w ehtiy njh;e;bjLj;jjw;F mjd;
jpU. ,uh. KUfnts; mth;fSf;Fk; jd; ed;wpia fij fsk; xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhf
ciuf;fpwhh; ,af;Feh; ghyh. njapiy mike;jpUf;fyhk;. fhydpa Kjyhspfspd; yhg
bjhHpyhsh;fspd;/ thH;f;if mtyj;ija[k;/ btwpf;fhf jkpHf moj;js kf;fs; mDgtpj;j
mth;fspd; ,uj;jj;ij ml;ilnghy; cW";rpa uz';fis cs;sgona Kd;itj;j fij
M';fpnyah;fspd; muh$fj;ija[k;/ mr;R vd;gjhYk;/ nkw;Fj; bjhlh;r;rp kiyapy;
gprfhky; jd; mHfpa fijahly; Eqf;f';fshy; bts;isf;fhuh;fs; cUthf;fpa njapiy
‘gunjrp’ apy; fhl;rpg; gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. njhl;l';fSf;F/ gpiHg;gpw;fhf ,lk; bgah;e;J

57
brd;w kf;fs;/ moikfshf;fg;gl;lij ,uj;jKk;/ btt;ntW ghpkhz';fisf; bfhz;l ,t;tpU
rija[khf gjpt[ bra;j ehty; vd;gjhYk;/ ghyh gilg;iga[k; xg;gPL bra;tbjd;gJ ,yf;fz
,e;j fijia jpiug;glkhf vLg;gjpy; <LghL kugpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l xU Ma;thf ,Ue;jhYk;/
brYj;jp ,Uf;fyhk;. ‘jGty;’ vd;w mog;gilapy; ,tw;wpw;fpilna
ghyhtpd; vy;yh gl';fSf;Fk; rpy juf;FwpaPLfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,izg;g[ Fwpj;J Muhayhk;.
cz;L. mit bghJ r\fj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l xU jGty; vd;gJ \yg;gilg;gpd; (Source text)
fij fsk;/ mrhjhuz kdpjh;fs;/ ,ay;ig kPwpa mog;gilahd ehd;F mk;r';fspy; fij (Story),
,Uf;fkhd ghj;jpug;gilg;g[/ bfh?ukhd kuzk;/
fsk; (setting), fjhghj;jpuk; (Characters), tpid
mtyr; RitnahL ,Wjp fhl;rpfs; vd;gJjhd;
bghJthd Nj;jpukhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ,e;j (Action) xd;iwnah gytw;iwnah ,d;bdhU
gilg;ghsp jd; gilg;g[f;F jpUk;gg; gad;gLj;JtJ
jh;f;fg;go cw;Wnehf;fpdhy;/ ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’
MFk;. jGty; vd;gJ cyfpd; kpfg;g[uhjdkhd
xU rpwe;j njh;t[ vd;gjpy; vs;sst[k; Iakpy;iy.
,yf;fpar; bray;ghL. KfE}ypd; (Source text)
'nrJ' glj;jpw;F mLj;J ‘gunjrp’apy;jhd; xU
bra;jpiaa[k; ,yf;fpa mHifa[k; ,d;bdhU
epjh;rdkhd fjhghj;jpuj;ij
bkhHpf;Ff; bfhz;L bry;y/ my;yJ mLj;j
totikj;jpUf;fpwhh;,af;Fdh; ghyh. glj;jpd;
jiyKiwf;Ff; bfhz;L bry;y jGty;
Kjy; ghjp 1939-,y; bjd;jkpHfj;jpy; cs;s
gad;gl;lJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F/ thy;kPfp
rhY}h; fpuhkj;jpy; eilbgWfpwJ. mk;kf;fspd;
vspa thH;f;if Kiwapid/ gHf;f tHf;f';fis/ ,uhkhazj;ijj; jGtpf; fk;gh; ‘,uhkfhij’
rh;r;irfis/ieahz;ofis vGjpaJk; ‘j rPf;bul; nt’ (The Secret Way) vd;w
btspg;gLj;jpathnw fij efh;fpwJ. xU tuz;l ehlfj;ijj; jGtpg; nguhrphpah; Re;juk;gps;is
g{kpahd rhY}h; fpuhkj;jpy;/ cUg;goahd bjhHpy; ‘kndhd;kzPak;’ ehlfk; vGjpaija[k; Twyhk;.
VJkpy;yhj NHypy;/ j';f ,lk;/ rhg;ghL/ ,t;thwhf/ ,';nf ‘gilg;g[' xU gilg;ghspapd;
"hapw;Wf;fpHik tpLg;g[/ xU tU#k; ntiy brhj;jhff;/ mtDila jdpahSikapd;
Koe;jhy; ifepiwa Typ, vd;fpw f';fhzpapd; btspg;ghlhff; fUjg;gltpy;iy. mJ xU bghJ
Mir thh;j;ijfSf;F ka';fp g";rk; gpiHf;f brhj;jhfnt vz;zg;gl;lJ. Mfnt/ mij
Chpy; cs;s Mz;fs; midtUk; gug;g[tjw;fhf ,d;bdhUth; vLj;jhs;tJ Xh;
kiyfhLfSf;F nghfpwhh;fs;. rpy cahpa bray;ghlhf epidf;fg;gl;lJ.
FLk;g';fspy;/ bgz;fSk;/ FHe;ijfSk; ,jpy;
ml';Fk;. ,g;go ntiyf;F nghdth;fs; 48 ehl;fs; fijf;fsk;
fhy;eilahfnt ele;J/ gr;ir kiy Kjypy; fijf;fsk; vd;w mog;gilapy; Muha;e;J
v!;nll;ow;F miHj;Jr; bry;yg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ghh;j;jhy;/ ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ bghWj;jtiu/
m';nf ,Uf;Fk; njapiy njhl;l';fspy; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kd;g[ 1925-Mk; Mz;oy;/
moikfshf;fg;gl;L/ fLikahf jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpYs;s/ kapnyhil
Ruz;lg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ciHf;Fk; ciHg;gpd; gad; vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpy; Jt';FfpwJ. m';F fijapd;
m';F cz;gjw;Fk;/ kUj;Jtj;jpw;Fnk nghf/ Kf;fpa fjhg;ghj;jpu';fshd fUg;gDk;/ ts;spa[k;
f';fhzpaplk; th';fpa Kd; gzj;ij jpUg;gp ekf;F mwpKfkhfpwhh;fs;. gpiHg;gpw;fhf
brYj;j Koahky; m';nf tijgLfpd;wdh; fUg;gDk;/ ts;spa[k;/ kapnyhil fpuhkj;jpypUe;J
bjhHpyhsh;fs;. fLikahd ntiy/ f';fhzpapd; Fkhpkiy v!;nll; tiu gazk; bra;fpwhh;fs;.
ciHg;g[ Ruz;ly; vd xU gf;fk; kf;fs; mtjpa[w/ fijapd; \d;whtJ ghfj;jpy; Kjy; mj;jpahak;/
ml;il g{r;rpfSk;/ fLk; FspUk;/ tp#f; tpy;ypak; n#f;!;gpahpd;/ 'kh;rd;l; Mg; btdp!;'
fha;r;rYk;/ kf;fis ,d;bdhU g[wk; thl;LfpwJ. (The Merchant of Venice) vd;w gpugy
ntiyf;F te;j ,sk;bgz;fs; bts;isfhu ehlfj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l thpfSld;
Jiukhh;fshy;/ ghypay; Jd;g[Wj;jYf;F Jt';FfpwJ.
cs;shtJ kw;bwhU bfhLik. ,th;fs; rpe;jpa "vt;tst[ mHfhd Kf\o g{z;oUf;fpwJ ,e;j
,uj;jKk;/ jh';fpa typfisa[k; ,d;iwa efuk;... "
jiyKiwapdUf;F czu itg;gJjhd; ,jd; cs;sh;j;jkhtJ/ ghh;g;gjw;F vd;dnth
,j;jpiug;glj;jpd; gjpt[. gr;ir gnry; vd;W ,uk;kpakhf fhl;rpaspj;jhYk;/
fpnuf;f jj;Jt"hdp mhp!;lhl;oy; vGjpa/ "On ,e;j gr;ir Kf\of;Fs; kiwe;jpUg;gJ/
the Art of Poetry" vd;w gilg;gpy; Mapukhapuk; bjhHpyhsh;fspd; fz;zPUk;/
brhy;yg;gl;oUf;fpw gilg;gpd; - \bthUikahd bre;ePUk; vd;gij Fwpg;gJ nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
fhyk; (Time),,lk; (Place) tpid (Action) ,ijj; bjhlh;e;J tUk; mj;jpaha';fs;
nghd;wtw;iw mog;gilahff; bfhz;L ‘vhpa[k; midj;jpYk;/ ,e;j njapiy v!;nll; gw;wpa
gdpf;fhL’ kw;Wk; ‘gunjrp’ vd ,uz;L Fwpg;g[fs; mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl nghfpwJ.
gilg;g[fisa[k; xg;gPL bra;ayhk;. jpiug;glj;jpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahaj;jpy;/ Fkhpkiy
mHfpay; ntW/ ehtypd; mHfpay; ntW. v!;nll;oy; kiH bga;jJ gw;wp vGJk;bghGJ/
58
",uz;L thu';fspy; Kj;ijah brhy;ypaJ fjhg;ghj;jpu';fnshL xd;wp cUthf;fg;gl;oUg;gJ
nghynt gUt kiH bjhl';fpsJ. vd;d xU TLjy; rpwg;g[.
kiH* bfhl;oaJ/ bfhl;oaJ/ bfhl;of; bfhz;nl cjhuzkhf/ ‘nrJ’tpy; kdnehahspfspd;
,Ue;jJ. epkpl neuKk; kiH epw;fntapy;iy. Tl';fisf; bfhz;l uhkehjg[uj;Jg; ghz;oklk;/
thdk; bghj;Jf; bfhz;lJ nghy; kiH bfhl;Lk;. ee;jhtpy; mfjpfs; Kfhkpd; gpd;dzpapy;
gpd;g[ rpy epkpl';fs; rhuy; tpGk;. gpd;g[ xU kzp flw;fiur; rpWefuk; (uhnk!;tuk;) gpjhkfdpy;
neuk; fdkiH bghHpa[k;. gpwF rpy epkplk; rhuy;. f";rhj; njhl;l';fs; epuk;gpa nghobkl;Lk;/ mjd;
xU rpy epkpl';fs; Tl KGikahf kiH mothu efukhd nghoehaf;fD}Uk; Fwpg;ghd
epw;fntapy;iy." btspf;Fs; epfH;fhyg; ghj;jpu';fis cyttpLk;
bjhlh;e;J gy ehl;fSf;F mth;fs; Nhpaid gpd;dzpfshf cs;sd. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpa[k; fjh
ghh;f;fntapy;iy. ,ut[ neu';fspy; Tiuahf ghj;jpu';fspd; KGikahd cUthf;fKk;
nghlg;gl;oUe;j ,Uk;g[j; jfLfis cf;fpukhfj; ,ize;J glj;jpw;F xl;Lbkhj;jkhd ek;gfj;
jhf;fpa kiHj;Jspfs; vGg;gpa nghpiur;ry; jd;ikia cUthf;fp tpLfpd;wd. ,e;j
fhijna brtplhf;fp tpLk; nghyj; njhd;wpaJ. thpirapy; "gunjrp" tpjptpyf;fpy;iy. 1939-Mk;
Fsph; vYk;g[ tiu CLUtpg; gha;e;jJ. fUg;gDk;/ Mz;L rhY}h; fpuhkj;jpy; Jt';Fk; fij/ gr;ir
ts;spa[k; tplhJ bga;j kiHahy; kpFe;j kiy v!;nll; Kjy; gazk; bra;fpwJ.
kdr;nrhh;t[k;/ cly; nrhh;t[kile;jdh;. jpiubkhHpapy;/ ,af;FeUf;Fk; -
ntiy bra;a[k;nghJ fk;gspiar; Rw;wpf; ghh;itahsh;fSf;Fk; ,ilna xU ghykhf
bfhz;lhYk; Tl rpy epkpl';fspy; cly; ,Ug;gJ nfkuh. nfkuh vd;gJ ,af;Fehpd;
KGtJk; kiHapy; eide;J Cwpg;nghdJ. vGJnfhy; vdyhk;. vdnt nfkuh bkhHpiaj;
kiHf;fhyk; ,d;bdhU bjhy;iyiaa[k; bfhz;L jpiug;gl ,af;Fehpd; rpwg;g[ bkhHp vdyhk;. ,jd;
te;J nrh;e;jJ. ,Jtiu fz;zpny glhkypUe;j \yk;jhd; jpiug;gl ,af;Feh; fijahLfpwhh;. xU
ml;ilfs; v';fpUe;njh Tl;lk; Tl;lkhf thf;fpaj;jpd; mikg;g[ vGtha;/ gadpiy/
gilbaLj;J te;J/ fhy;fspYk; cly; brag;gLbghUs; vd;w \d;W ,yf;fz
KGtjpYk; gutp uj;jj;ij cwp";rpbaLf;fj; gz;g[fshy; cUthtJ nghy nfkuh bkhHpa[k;
bjhl';fpd. ml;ilf;fo typf;ftpy;iy vd;whYk; fhl;rpg; gjpt[ (Shot) fhl;rpf; nfhzk; (Angle)
mJ foj;j ,lj;jpypUe;J bjhlh;e;J ml;il tpl;l nfkuh efh;jd;ik (Camera Movement) Mfpa
gpd;g[k; gy kzp neuj;jpw;F uj;jk; toe;J \d;W brayhf;f';fshy; cUthfpwJ. ,it
bfhz;oUe;jJ.- vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL \d;Wk; jdpj;jdpahff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhYk;
,t;thwhf ,e;etPdj;jpw;F ‘vhpa[k;gdpf;fhL’ vd;w xd;nwhblhd;W bjhlh;g[ilaJ kl;Lkd;W/ xd;W
jiyg;iga[k; epahag;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwhh; ,d;bdhd;iw cs;slf;fpaJk; Tl.
vGj;jhsh; KUfnts;. brhy; Kd;dzp vt;tst[ tpj;jpahrkhd fijf;fskhf
(oxymoron) vd;W brhy;yf;ToajhtJ/ Kw;wpYk; ,Ue;jhYk;/ xU ,af;Feh; mij vg;go jd; nfkuh
ntWgl;l mh;j;j';fis bfhz;l ,uz;L \yk; gjpt[ bra;fpwhh; vd;gij bghWj;nj/ me;jg;
thh;j;ijfs; nrh;e;J jUk; bghUs; glj;jpd; btw;wp mika[k;. ghyhitg;
g[Jikahdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. kw;WbkhU cjhuzk;/ bghWj;jtiu/ xU ,af;Fduhf mthplk; ,Uf;Fk;
"gfy; ,ut[" vd;Wk; brhy;yyhk;. ‘vhpa[k;gdpf;fhL’ xU kpfg;bghpa gyk;/ nfkuhit ifahSk; a[f;jp
vd;w jiyg]gpd] \yk] vhpfpd]w gdpf;fhL vd;Wk] ‘uhrh’ vd;w fjhg;ghj;jpuj;jpy; eoj;jpUf;Fk;
Fwpg]gpLfpwhh].,nj fijf; fsj;ij ,af;Fdh; mjh;th/ me;j fjhg;ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fs; fr;rpjkha;
ghyh mth;fs;/ gunjrpapy; vg;go bghUe;jpapUf;fpwhh;. fijf; fsj;njhL xd;wpa
ifahz;oUf;fpwhh; vd;W ghh;f;fyhk;. eog;ig btspg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. cjhuzkhf/
thh;j;ijfs; vg;go ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Rit Tl;l njapiy v!;nll;oy; ,Ue;J mth; jg;gpr; brd;W/
cjt[fpd;wdnth/ mJnghyj;jhd;/ jpiug;glk; gpd; gpogl;L rpj;utijf;Fs;shFk; fhlrp/
vd;gJ xU ,af;Fehpd; Clfk; (Director's ghh;g;nghh; be";ir gijf;f itf;fpwJ. rhY}h;
Medium) mtnu eog;g[/ xyp/ xsp/ bjhFg;g[ vd fpuhkj;ij tpl;L gpiHg;gpw;fhf/ f';fhzpia ek;gp
midj;ija[k; xU';fpizg;gth;. jdpj;jdp v!;nll;oy; ntiyf;Fr; bry;Yk; tHpapy;/ kpf
egh;fspd; tpidfis fiyr;bray;ghLfis - vjhh;j;jkhft[k;/ epjh;rdkhft[k; gjpt[
xd;wpizj;J mtw;iwf; fiy totkhf Mf;Fk; bra;jpUf;Fk; fhl;rpfs; vy;yhk;
ntiya[k;/ bghWg;g[k; ,af;Fdh; vd;w ghuhl;LjYf;Fwpait. twz;l g{kpia
gilg;ghspapd; mwpt[ rhh;e;j tp#ak;. gpd;dzpahf itj;J mth; fhl;rpg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk;
,t;tifapy;/ ghyhtpd; jpiug;gl';fspy;/ tpjk;/ rpy neu';fspy;/ g[j;jfj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
fijf;fsk; btWk; fijf;fskhf kl;Lkpy;yhky; jhf;fj;ij tpl rw;W mjpfkhfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.

59
 ‘m';fk;kh’ fjhghj;jpuj;jpy; eoj;j ntjpfh
btspg;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,th;fsJ vjh;j;jkhd
eog;ghy; gy tpUJifis bgw;Ws;sJ ,e;j
jpiug;gLk;. ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’-oy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s/
‘fUg;gd;/ ts;sp' fhjhghj;jpu';fshd j';fuhRk;/
fUj;j fd;dpa[k; risf;fhky; j';fs; ,ay;ghd
eog;ig btspg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;fs;.
vj;jidjhd; eofh;fs; capiuf; bfhLj;J
eoj;jhYk; mth;fs; ngRk; trd';fs;
mh;j;jKs;sjhft[k;/ eWf;bfd;Wk; ,Uf;f
gunjrp ntz;Lk;. fhy';fs] fle;J nghf nghf/
trd';fSf;F ,d;iwa jpiug;gl';fspy;
mjw;nfw;whw;nghy;/ gpd;dzpapy; ,irf;Fk;/ "X Kf;fpaj;Jtnk bfhLf;fhky; ,Uf;Fk; epiy
te;Js;sJ. ,ae;jpuj;jdkhf trdk; ngRtJk;/
br';fhj;nj" (ghlfh] kJghyfpU#]zd/: ,ir cr;rhpg;g[ gpiH ,Ug;gJk; ehk; gy gl';fspy;
$p.tp. gpufh#;Fkhh;/thpfs; ftp"h; ituKj;J) fz;Tlhf ghh;f;fpnwhk;. ,Ue;jnghjpYk; Tl
vd;w ghlypy;/ gpiHg;gpw;fhf Ciu tpl;L ghyhtpd; jpiug;gl';fs;/ mjpYk; Xh; tpjptpyf;F.
btspnaWk; kf;fspd; czh;r;rpfis mHfhf fjhghj;jpuj;jpw;F Vw;w trdk; kl;Lky;yhky;/
gjpt[ bra;jpUf;fpwhh;/ ftp"h; ituKj;J. me;j tl;lhu tHf;ifa[k; mHfhf g[Fj;jpapUg;ghh;
Fwpg;ghf/ ,af;Feh;. ,J me;j fjhghj;jpuj;ij ,d;Dk;
"fhnyhL ruy fpHpf;f fz;nzhL g[Gjp mof;f ep$j;jpw;F mUfpy; bfhz;L brd;W epWj;jp
Ch; jhz;ona Ch; njoa Ch; nghFnj tpLfpwJ. ,e;j thpirapy; 'gunjrp' ehl;Lg;g[w
fUnty'; fhL fle;J fy;Yk; nkLk; fle;J tHf;F vd;W brhy;yf;Toa bkhHp tifiar;
Ch; nruyhk; cRh; nrUkh tHp ,y;iyna" nrh;e;jJ. glk; KGtJk; ,e;j tHf;fpy; ngRtJ/
vd;w thpfs; czh;r;rpg; gpsk;ghf ek; fhJfspy; ,ay;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’
btof;fpd;wd. nkYk;/ “bre;ePh;jhdh” vd;w fijf;fskhf/ jpUbey;ntypapy; ,Uf;Fk;
ghlypy; kiHiaa[k;/ ml;iliaa[k; gw;wpa kapnyhil vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpy; elg;gjhy;/
gjpt[fs;/ ‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’-,y; cs;s bey;iyapd; tl;lhu tHf;F ehty; KGtJk;
tpsf;f';fis xj;J ,Ug;gJ ,d;Dk; mGj;jk;. ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;. Kjd; Kjypy; ,f;fij
gp.vr;. nldpay; M';fpyj;jpy; vGjp ,Ue;jhYk;/
fjhg;ghj;jpu';;fs; mij gf;Ftkhf jkpHpy; bkhHp bgah;j;J/ mjd;
F+g;/ Mg;ufhk;/ bts;isf;fhu Jiu vd;w jdpj;Jtk; khwhky; ekf;F gilj;jpUg;gJ ,uh.
fjhg;ghj;jpu';fs; 'gunjrp'apYk; ,lk; KUfntspd; ,yf;fpa Mh;tj;ij fhl;LfpwJ.
bgw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs;. jiyik kUj;Jtuhf
g[j;jfj;jpy; tUk; Mg;ufhk;/ fpwp!;jt kjj;ijr; fijahly; (Narratology)
nrh;e;jth; vd;whYk;/ kjnghjid bra;ahjtuhf jpiug;glf; fijahly; vd;gJ ,af;Feuhy;
rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. (,f;fjhg;ghj;jpuk; jhd; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdnt ,af;Feiuj;
jiyik kUj;Jth; gp.vr;. nldpay; mth;fs; jpiug;glf; fijahlypd; fijahLeh; (Narrator)
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ) Mdhy; khwhf/ vdyhk;. ,th; gy;ntW bkhHpfis my;yJ
jpiug;glj;jpy;/ ghpRj;jk; vd;w fjhg;ghj;jpuj;ij ngr;Rfisg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpiug;glf;
bgWk; Mg;ufhk;/ fpwp!;Jtj;ij njapiy fijahliyf; fijahLfpwhh; vd;w nghjpYk;
bjhHpyhsh;fsplk; g[Fj;Jtjhf ,tUf;F vdj; jdpbahU bkhHp ,Ug;gij mwpe;J
rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. ,e;j xU fjhghj;jpuk; bfhs;syhk;. fijf;fsj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ
kl;Lk;jhd; g[j;jf totpypUe;J Kw;wpYk; khWgl;l nghy mjid nfkuh bkhHp vd;W TWfpnwhk;.
fjhghj;jpukhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ijf; Fwpj;j me;j bkhHp bjhHpy;El;gk; rhh;e;jJ. ,e;j nfkuh
,e;Jj;Jt Muha;r;rpapy; ,w';FtJ ,e;j Ma;t[f; bkhHpapd; \yk;jhd; ,af;Feh; ghh;itahsnuhL
fl;Liuapd; nehf;fk; my;y. fijahLfpwhh;.
mth;fs; tp#f;fha;r;rypy; mtjpa[w;W fplf;Fk; rpdpkhtpy; fij brhy;gtd; ahh;> vd;w jiyg;gpy;
bghGJ mth;fSf;F rpfpr;ir mspf;fhky;/ vGjg;gl;l xU fl;Liuapy; mjd; Mrphpah; ,uh.
ghl;Lg;ghoa[k;/ eldk; Moa[k;/ fpwpj;Jtj;ij gpughfh; ‘rpdpkhtpy; fij TWgth;fs; \d;W ngh;’
nghd;Wtjhf ,Ug;gJ tpj;jpahrk;jhd;. vdf; Fwpg;gpl;L mth;fis
‘uhrh’thf elj;jpUf;Fk; mjh;th/ ngr;R/ eil/ 1. ,af;Feh; (Director)
cil/ ghtid vd;W midj;jpYk;/ 2. fijkhe;jh; (my;yJ) fjhg;ghj;jpu';fs;
‘xl;Lg;bghwf;fp’ vd;Dk; fjhghj;jpuj;jpy; xl;o (Characters)
,Uf;fpwhh;. ,tUf;F ,izahd eog;ig
60
3. ghh;itahsd; my;yJ nfkuh (Audience /
Camera)
vd thpirg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. ,t;thW fij brhy;Yk;
Kiwia "nehf;F epiy" (Point of view) vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
ehtiyg; nghd;w vGj;J totk; kw;Wk; jpiug;glk;
nghd;w fhl;rp totj;jpd; efh;t[fSf;fpilna
cs;s xw;Wikf; TWfis ehk; fz;lwpa
ntz;Lk;. thh;j;ijfspnyh/ jpiu rydj;jpd;
totj;jpnyh cs;s Xl;lk; kw;Wk; fijahlypy;
Fwpg;gpl;l fhl;rpj; bjhlh;ig jdpikg; gLj;jp ehk;
Muha ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ ,yf;fpak; kw;Wk;
ehty; totbkLf;Fk; Kd; kf;fsplk; epytp te;j
g[uhzk;/ ePjpf;fijfs;/ fhtpa ghly;fs;/ "hdpfs;
kw;Wk; tPufhtpa ehafh;fs; gw;wpa fhtpa
fijfs; nghd;wtw;wpd; tha;bkhHp kug[fSf;F
chpa fij brhy;yy; KiwfspypUe;J te;jit.
mjhtJ fij brhy;Yk; kug[fspypUe;J xU
gFjpiaa[k;/ gj;bjhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;od;
btF$d ,yf;fpaj;jpypUe;J (mjhtJ rhfr
fijfs;/ Jg;gwpa[k; fijfs;/ 18 kw;Wk; 19-Mk;
E}w;whz;od; gpugykhd mw;g[jf; fijfs;/
fw;gid kw;Wk; r\f ehty;fs;) xU gFjpiaa[k;
bfhz;L vGj;jpd; nghf;fpy; mikag; bgw;w
btw;wp ghj;jpu';fspd; mog;gilapy;
jpiug;gl';fshf mikag;bgw;wd.
‘vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL’ etPdj;ijg; bghWj;jkl;oy;/
fijahly; vd;gJ ",dtiutpay;" tifiar;
rhh;e;jjhFk;. jypj; ,yf;fpa';fspy; bgUk;ghYk;
,f;fijahly; a[f;jpjhd; ifahsg;gl;oUf;fpwJ.
ehty;fspy; mjpfstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l
,dtiutpay; cj;jp/ fjhg;ghj;jpu';fSf;fhd
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ija[k; kPwp NHYf;F mjpfkhd
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; bfhLg;gjhFk;. fpuhk thH;f;ifia
Jy;ypakhf tpsf;FtJk;/ rpj;jpuf;fhud; my;yJ
g[ifg;glf;fhudpd; neh;j;jpnahL bkhHpia
ifahs;tJk; ,t;tpdtiutpay; vGj;J
Kiwapd; ikakhapw;W. mJkl;Lky;yhky; ngr;R
tHf;fpy; fij brhy;Yk; Kiwa[k; ,jd;
kw;WbkhU jdpj;JtkhFk;. ,ijj;jhd; gutyhf
"vhpa[k; gdpf;fhL" ,y; M';fh';nf ehk; czu
KofpwJ. Fkhpkiy v!;nll; gw;wpa
tpsf;f';fSk;/ m';nf rpj;jputij mDgtpj;j
bjhHpyhspfisa[k; gw;wpa tphpthd
bra;jpfisa[k; ehk; thrpf;fpnwhk;. cjhuzkhf/
\d;whk; ghfj;jpy; tUk; Ie;jhtJ
mj;jpahaj;jpy;/ bjhHpyhspfspd; tpLKiw ehs;
Fwpj;J tpthpf;ifapy;/
"gUt fhy';fs; jtph;j;j kw;w ehl;fspy;
njapiyj; njhl;l';fspy; "hapw;Wf;fpHik
tpLKiw ehs; me;j ehl;fspy; Typfs; j';fsJ
brhe;j ntiyfisa[k;/ tPl;L ntiyfisa[k;
ftdpg;ghh;fs;. tpoaw;fhiyapy; bgUk;ghyhd
bgz;fs; Mw;Wf;Fr; brd;W m';nf fplf;fpd;w
fw;fisf; bfhz;L mLg;g[ \l;o fztd;khh;fs;
vz;bza; nja;j;J Fspg;gjw;F jz;zPh; fha
itg;ghh;fs;. kw;w bgz;fs; mGf;Fj; Jzpfis
\l;ilahff; fl;of; bfhz;L Mw;Wf;Fg; ngha;
Jitj;J mUfpy; cs;s ghiwfspy; fhag;
nghLthh;fs;. Mz;fs; bgUk;ghYk; fhl;Lf;Fr;
brd;W me;j thuk; KGikf;Fkhd tpwF btl;of;
bfhz;L tUthh;fs;. gzk; ,Ug;gth;fs;
thy;ghiwapy; cs;s re;ijf;Fg; ngha; czt[g;
bghUl;fs; my;yJ v!;nll; filfis tpl
Fiwthd tpiyapy; fpilf;Fk; giHa Jzpfis
th';fp tUthh;fs;"
nkYk; vl;lhyk; mj;jpahaj;jpy; tp#f;fha;r;rpy;
Fwpj;j tpsf;fj;jpy;/
"khh;r; kw;Wk; Vg;uy; khj';fs; khj';fs;/
v!;nll;oypUe;j mj;jid ngUk; xUKiwahtJ
fha;r;rypy; tpGe;jdh;. F+g;g[k; bkof;fy; Typa[k;
gugug;ghf iyd;fspy; Rw;wp rpfr;ir mspj;Jf;
bfhz;oUe;jdh;. xU rkak; xnu neuj;jpy;
ghjpf;Fk; nkw;gl;l bjhHpyhsh;fis gLf;ifapy;
fplj;Jk; mstpw;F Fsph; $%uk; (knyhpah)
jhz;ltkhoaJ.
me;j Mz;L v!;nll;oy; Vuhskhdth;fis
knyhpah gyp bfhz;lJ. xU ehs; khiy
ntiyapypUe;J jpUk;gpa ts;sp gf;fj;J
miwapy; mGFuy; nfl;L Xodhs;. m';nf xU
gd;dpbuz;L taJ rpWkp ,we;J nghapapUe;jhs;.
mtSf;F xU thuj;jpw;f nkyhf fha;r;ry;
moj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jJ. F+g; rpyKiw
Crpnghl;Lk; Tl mtsJ epiyik rhpahfnt
,y;iy. bfh";rk; bfh";rkhf cly;epiy
nkhrkile;J filrpapy; ,d;W fhiy capiu
tpl;Ltpl;lhs;.
fhiyapy; kfs; capUf;F nghuhof; bfhz;oUe;j
neuj;jpYk; Tl bts;isadpd; tw;g[Wj;jypd;
fhuzkhf mtsJ mk;kht[k;/ mg;ght[k;
ntiyf;F nghf ntz;o ,Ue;jJ. me;jr;
rpWkpapd; jk;gpahd gj;J taJ igad;jhd;
neha;tha;g;gl;l mf;fhnthL/ iff;FHe;ijahf
,Ue;j jd; jk;gpiaa[k; ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;lhd;.
jfg;gd; khiyapy; ntiyapypUe;J jpUk;gpa
nghJ jd; kfs; tpiuj;J gpzkhf fplg;gija[k;/
Fsph;fha;r;rypy; eL';fpf; bfhz;oUg;gija[k;/
FHe;ij ,we;J nghd mf;fhtpd; gpzj;njhL
tpisahof; bfhz;oUg;gija[k; fz;lhd;.
Kj;ijaht[k;/ r';fDk;/ fUg;gDk; FHp btl;lr;
bry;y/ xU gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhud; mlf;fj;Jf;F
njitahd g[Jj; JzpfSk; kw;w bghUl;fSk;
th';fp te;jhd;. FHp jahuhdJk; mth;fs;
rpWkpapd; cliy g[Jj; Jzp bfhz;L
nghh;j;jpdhh;. mts; md;wpunt jfg;gdhy; FHpf;F
J}f;fp bry;yg;gl;L g[ijf;fg;gl;lhs;. kWehs;
nk!;jphpapd; mo cijf;F gae;J jfg;gd; jhdhf
ntiyf;F jpUk;gpdhd;. Raepiditna ,He;J
kuj;Jg; ngha; cl;fhh;e;jpUe;j rpWkpapd;
61
mk;khit r';fu ghz;oad; ,uf;fkpd;wp cijj;J
ntiyf;F mDg;gpdhd; ".
,t;tidj;J czh;r;rpfisa[k; Kiwna jd;
nfkhuh fz;fshy; jj;+gkhf glk;
gpoj;jpUf;fpwhh; ,af;Fdh; ghyh. ,af;Fdhpd;
fw;gidf;F Vw;g fhl;rp gjpt[fis nfkuh
nfhz';fs; \yk; tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jp neh;j;jpahd
xU rpdpkhit ekf;F gilj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
jpiug;gl jpwdha;thsh;fs; fhl;rpg; gjpt[fis
Mwhft[k;/ fhl;rp nfhz';fis Ie;jhft[k;/
nfkuh efh; jpirfis xd;gjhft[k; tifgLj;jp
tpsf;fp ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;tifg;ghL
mog;gilahdjhFk;. ,d;iwa jpiug;gl bjhHpy;
El;g tsh;r;rpapy; nfkuh bkhHp bjhlh;e;J
khwptUfpwJ vd;gija[k; ,';f Fwpg;gpl;lhf
ntz;Lk;. ,t;tha;tpy;/ nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l fhl;rpg;
gjpt[/ fhl;rpf; nfhzk;/ nfkuh efh; jd;ik
tiffis gad;gLj;jp jpiug;gl fijahliy
,af;Fdh; fijahoa[s;s Kiw Fwpj;J tpsf;Fk;
Kaw;rp nkw;bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. fijahlypy; rpy
mog;gilahd fhl;rpg; gjpt[fs; ,Uf;fpdwd
mit :
1. mjpnra;ik fhl;rpg; gjpt[ (Extreme long shot)
2. nra;ik gwit nfhzfhl;rp gjpt[ (Bird's Eye
view Angle long shot)
அதிசேய் மைகாட்சிப் பதிவு(Extreme long shot):1,2,3,4
xU fhl;rpia my;yJ xU bghUis
ghh;itahsh;fSf;F J}ug;gLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;F
3. ,ilik cr;rp nfhzf; fhl;rp gjpt[ (Medium
High Angle shot)
4. mz;ik fPH;j;jsf; nfhzf;fhl;rp gjpt[ (Low
angle close up shot)
5. kpf mz;ik rkjs nfhzfhl;rpg; gjpt[ (Eye
level angle close up shot)
6. fpilepiy Mytl;l fhl;rpg;gjpt[ (Pan shot)
7. br';Fj;Jepiy Mytl;l fhl;rp gjpt[ (Tilt
shot)
8. thd; nehf;F fhl;rpg; gjpt[ (arial shot)
cjhuzj;jpw;fhf/ mjpnra;ik fhl;rpg; gjpt[
(Extreme long shot) gw;wpa tifia kl;Lk;
ghh;g;nghk;. ‘gunjrp’apy; mjpfk;
gpunahfpj;jpUg;gJ ,t;tif fhl;rpg; gjpt[ ve;W
brhd;dhy; mJ kpifahfhJ. Fwpg;ghf cr;rfl;l
fhl;rpapy;/ fijapd; ehafd;/ uhrh xU Fd;wpd;
nky; mkh;e;J/ jd;dhy; ,e;j eufj;jpy; ,Ue;J
btspna bry;y Koatpy;iyna vd;W fjwp/
xg;ghhp itf;Fk; bghGJ/ nfkuhtpd; fhl;rpg; gjpt[
m';F ntiy bra;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; rf
bjhHpyhspfs; kPJ glh;e;J bkJthf cauj;jpw;F
gwe;J gpd;dh; J}uj;jpy; tUk; fz;fhzp kw;Wk;
mtd; miHj;J tUk; g[J bjhHpyhspfs; kPJ
gofpd;w bghGJ/ g[hpfpwJ ,af;Fdhpd; jpwik
kpF fijahly;.
mjpnra;k fhl;rpg; gjpt[ bkhHpia ,af;Fdh;
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. ,f;fhl;rp gjpt[ bkhHpia
62
jpiug;glj;jpd; bjhlf;fj;jpnyh/ 4. ைாைோமி.அ,ஒளிநிழல் உலகை் ,
,ilapnyhmy;yJ ,Wjpapnyh ,af;Fdh;
காலே்சுவடுபதிப் பகை் , பேன் மன,
ghh;itahsnuhL vg;go vg;go fijahl ntz;Lk;
vd;W tpUk;g[fpwhnuh me;j nehf;fj;jpw; nfw;g 2001.
cgnahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,g;goahf ,yf;fpaj;Jf;Fk; rpdpkhtpw;Fk; ஆங் கிலநூல் கள்
,ilna xU fUj;J ghpkhw;wk; vg;bghGJk; 1. Butcher, SH, Aristotle, and John Gassner. Aristotle's
,Ue;J bfhz;nljhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ xd;iw Theory of Poetry and Fine Art: With a Critical Text
rhh;e;J kw;bwhd;W ,Uf;fpwJ vd;w and Translation of the Poetics. New York: Dover,
fhuzj;jpdhYk; Tl ,Uf;fyhk;. ehk; Kd;g[ 1951. Print.
TwpaJ nghynt/ rpdpkhtpd; mHfpay; ntW/
ehtypd; mHfpay; ntW. ehtypy; fijahLdh;
fij brhy;y tpUk;g[k; nghJ brhy; tsj;ij
cgnahfpj;J mij tpthpj;J tpLfpwhh;. mnj
fhl;rpia ,af;Fdh; tpsk;g Kw;gLifapy; jd;
fw;gidf;nfw;whw; nghy; fhl;rp nfhz';fs;
\ykhf gjpt[ bra;fpwhh;. vij tpl vJ rpwe;jJ
vd;w Muha;r;rp ,f;fl;Liuapd; nehf;F ,y;iy
vd;whYk; mog;gilapy; ,yf;fpaj;ij rhh;e;nj
jpiug;glk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W brhy;yyhk;.

Kot[iu
,t;thW jGty; mog;gilapy; cUthd ‘gunjrp’
tpahghu hPjpahf bgUk; btw;wp bgwhtpl;lhYk;/
epiw tpUJfis jl;or; brd;wJ. ,g;go
g[j;jfj;ij \ykhf itj;J jpiug;gl';fs;
vLj;jhYk;/ jGty; ,yf;fpaj;ij ,yf;fpaj;
jpUl;L vd;Wk; rhLfpd;wdh; rpy ,yf;fpathjpfs;.
nkiyehLfspy; gutyhf m';fPfhuk; fpilj;J
tpl;l ,t;tif gilg;g[fs;/ ,e;jpahitg; bghWj;j
kl;oy; rw;W gpd; j';fpna ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjw;Ff;
fhuzk;/ ,yf;fpa';fspd; Mjpf;fKk;/ jpiug;glk;
vd;Dk; Clfj;jpy; ,Uf;ff;Toa rpy
mDTykw;w NHYk;jhd;. ‘jGty;’
gilg;g[fisa[k;/ ,d;bdhU ,yf;fpa
gilg;g[fshf ehk; ghh;j;njhnkahdhy;/ me;j epiy
khwyhk;.

துரைநூற் பாட்டியல்
1. சின் னப் பபாண்ணு,ைா.தமிழ் திமைப்
படமுை் பண்பாட்டுஅைசியலுை் ,காவ்
யா,பேன்மன,2010.
2. பஞ் ோங் கை் .சக,இலக்கியமுை் திற
னாய் வுசகாட்பாடுகளுை் ,அன்னை் ,
தஞ் ோவூை், 2010.
3. ைணவாளன்.அ.அ,
இருபதாை் நூற் றாண்டின்இலக்கிய
சகாட்பாடுகள் ,
உலகதமிழ் ஆைாய் ே்சிநிறுவனை் ,
பேன்மன, 2001.

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