JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF COMPUTING
DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGENEERING

CBTP PHASE 1
DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND
PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION PHASE

Advisor: MR .DURESSA TESHOME &

MR .MULUKEN AGEGNEHU
Submission Date 27/01/2012
Jimma, Ethiopia
No GROUP MEMBERS ID NO

1 ABDULAZIZ MOHAMED RU 2985/11

2 ABDULHAKIM MOHAMMED RU2955/11

3 ALTAMO ASSEFA RU 3045/11

4 BEKELE TAMIRU RU 2796/11

5 BIRUK MULUALEM RU3596/11

6 BIRUK TESFAYE RU 3105/11

7 DAGIMAWIT TADESSE RU 3044/11

8 EBA NAGUMA RU 3092/11

9 HAKIMA NASIR RU 3081/11

10 HAWI KEBEBEW RU 3871/11

11 KAYOWAK MELESE RU 3758/11

12 MESTOFA HASSEN RU 2819/11

13 MUSTEFA HUSEIN RU 0784/10

14 YORDANOS AYELE RU 2843/11

 Acknowledgement

First we would like to give thanks to Jimma institute of technology for giving us this
opportunity to go out and interact with the community first hand and witness there condition.
This shows that Jimma University is concerned about the well-being of the community and
plays an important role in providing realistic solutions for the community’s problems if it is
in the present time or in the long run.

Next, we would like to thank our supervisor, Mr. Duressa and Mr. Muluken for their
incredible support from the beginning to the end of the program by giving us the instructions
and guides we needed to perform the program and also by evaluating us with the standard
level with our work.

We would also like to thank the community and different institutions found in Becho Bore
kebele including the kebele administrative secretariat and other officials for their willingness
to help us obtain the necessary information.

Finally, we would like to express our thanks for the community of Jimma especially those
who are found in Becho Bore kebele for their support and initiation to understand and accept
the aim of the CBE program.

3
Table of Content

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................5
1.2 PHASE OF CBTP AND THE PROBLEM WE IDENTIFY..........Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 background of kebele...................................................................................................................6
1.3.1 Demographic composition....................................................................................................7
1.3.3 Occupational status...............................................................................................................7
1.3.4 Religion distribution.............................................................................................................8
1.3.5 Ethnicity...............................................................................................................................8
1.4 Function, Mission and Vision of Kebele......................................................................................9
1.5 ORGANIZATION THAT FOUND IN THE KEBELE.............................................................10
1.5.1. Bus station........................................................................................................................10
1.5.2 Eldan Preparatory School...................................................................................................11
1.5.3 Shenen Gibe Hospital.........................................................................................................12
1.5.3.1 Background of Hospital.......................................................................................................12
Mission............................................................................................................................................13
Vision...............................................................................................................................................14
PROBLEM STATEMENT..................................................................................................................15
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE.................................................................................................................17
3.1 General objectives.....................................................................................................................17
3.2 Specific objectives.....................................................................................................................17
METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................................19
4.1 Observation............................................................................................................................19
4.2 Interview................................................................................................................................19
4.3 Document analysis.....................................................................................................................19
FUTURE PHASE................................................................................................................................20
LIMTATION OF THE STUDY..........................................................................................................20
Remedies.............................................................................................................................................20
Reference.............................................................................................................................................21
5
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Jimma University is one of the well-known universities in Ethiopia. As it is known it is the
successive winner for the last 5th years and it is ranked second this year. What make the
university this much successful is no doubt at all it is its community based training program.
As the motto of Jimma University “We are in the community” suggests the university is
working with in community with a tangible sense. This university is well known by an
innovative program called community based education.

CBE (Community Based Education) was introduced to the world in the late 1960’s. This
Education is destined to take different issues in to the community, so that during the process
both students and the society will derive benefit from each other. And also it consists of
learning activities that involve identification of the community’s problems and gives
constructive recommendations and providing relevant conclusions based on the identified
problems.
CBE has three phases: demographic survey and community problem identification phase,
appropriate technology and action plan development and intervention phase.
Demographic survey and community problem identification:-focus on problem
identification and analysis. Here the site selection, transportation and other related issues are
facilitated by CBE coordinator.
For this problem students form a group:- Each group have a supervisor(a teacher).students
should go to their assigned Kebele with their supervisor .Also they should keep their
materials in the Kebele and collect data about available organization in the Kebele giving
more focus on public service provider organization like health center, schools, bus station,
and kebele administrative. In the organization the students should collect basic statically data
about the organization like, number of users /customer/ that the organization serves, types of
services that organization provides, number of employees all this information leads us to
identify the problem of the organization well.
CBE allows the students and also the teachers to address the community problems and
benefit from real life experiences with in the community as part of their preparation for future
living activity. Community experiences give the students the opportunity to see the necessity
for learning certain skills and allow them to apply their knowledge in a practical way.
Community based education also enables students to better understand what will be expected
from them when they become part or members of the community.

Generally, CBE:
 Enhances general function of non-school environments (recreational and work place).
 Increases the number of integrated environment available to students.
  Enhances social contacts and relationships.
 Increases skill acquisitions.
 Provides access to meaning full choices and opportunities.

1.3 background of kebele

Our study area (Becho Bore kebele) is located in Oromia region, Jimma zone in Jimma town.
The location of Becho Bore kebele relate to others

 North ………… Awetu Mendera

 South…………. Bore
 East……………. Ginjo
 West…………….. Hermata Merkato
Becho bore is urban and has a dense population. Most of the population of the area
leads there life by running small businesses, being an employee in some organizations
and also some of them are merchants.

Figure 1.1: Map of Becho Bore kebele

Total population 2851

8
1.3.1 Demographic composition
Total number of house hold 59
41 Total population of Becho Bore Kebele in 2000
E.C
< 5 years 82
66
Women 15-49 63
11
7
Pregnant women 99
0
Total number of UHEP 7
Chapter4.Methodology

Table 1.1 population status of Becho Bore

1.3.3 Occupational status

All human beings have to work to satisfy their needs and people in these kebele works as
traders, government officials, labor workers and other kinds of jobs.

Occupational status

Private
30% Private
public
Unemployed
51% Un-
em-
ployed
public
19%

Chart 1.3.3percentage
distribution of occupational status

1.3.4 Religion distribution

Religion is the belief of a person over super natural power or any other. In our data
collection we faced around 5 different religions in this kebele. These are orthodox 15248
(53.47 %), Muslim 8769(30.75%), protestant 3202(11.23%), catholic 1143 (4.01%) and
others 151(0.53%).

1.3.5 Ethnicity
Most of the population of Becho Bore kebele is composed of Oromo, Amara, and south
nation nationality and peoples (SNNP). From this we can conclude that Oromo nation is the
dominant. In this kebele different nation and nationalities live together with peace and
respect. We can show the ethnic distribution through table analysis.

Table2.4. Ethnicity distribution

Ethnicity Number of population Percentage

Oromo 14990 52.28
Amara 7454 26.14
SNNP 4098 14.37
Tigre 2048 7.18

percentage of+B25population
Tigre
7%
Amhara
14%
Chart 1.3.4
Oromo Ethnicity
52%
distribution of
SNNP
26% Becho Bore
kebele

1.4 Function, Mission and Vision of Kebele

Becho Bore kebele has the following functions:

 Keeping the societies need in order to form a suitable living environment

 Keeping the peace and stability of the society of the kebele

 Giving identification cards to the members of the kebele

 Giving trade licenses

 Being part of the society in every affair

 Facilitate some affairs instead of the society at zone level

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Chapter4.Methodology

 Give birth, marriage and death certificates

 Empowering health centers

 Represent the kebele’s society at zone level

Mission

 To implement Millennium Development Goals in different sectors

 To decrease illiteracy rate in the society

 To create well organized statistics of the kebele

 To encourage the society of the kebele to work together

 To make sure that the societies get full access of health extension

 To fulfill the needs of the society

 To contribute on the development of the country

Vision

 To provide quality, reliable and affordable goods and services that meet the needs
of the society of the kebele

1.5 ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE FOUND IN THIS KEBELE AND THEIR

PROBLEMS
In Becho Bore there are many organizations that give different services for the community.
We have seen some organizations that are found in this kebele. We tried to identify the
problem of organizations in this kebele. Some of organizations are:-

 Kebele administrative
 Bus station
 Eldan preparatory school
 Shenen Gibe hospital
1.5.1 Kebele administrative

One of the place from which we have got information is kebele itself. As we gather
information from there everything is registered manually for instance the file that hold the
number of family, house holder, marital file and etc. In this kebele administrative office there
are around eight computers but most of them are non-functional (only two computers were
functional). And also there is no internet connection available there.

Figure 1.2: Documents in the kebele

1.5.1. Bus station

There is only one bus station that is found in Jimma. This station gives service
for people who goes from place to place. As we gathered information from there,
there are so many cars that leave from the station to different place. Some of problem
of this station are:-
 The number of cars with their unique number is registered on
document manually
 there is no online ticketing service

However; they have plan to build new bus station for the future
and the poster is already designed by the Addis Ababa science and
technology university.

11
Chapter4.Methodology

Fig 1.1 Jimma bus terminal for the future

After investigating the problems in the Bus station, we continued to look for the
problems in other institutions. next, we went to Eldan Preparatory school.

1.5.2 Eldan Preparatory School

Background Eldan preparatory school

Eldan preparatory school is a private school found in the kebele. It was established in 1995
E.C. It is located at the central part of the kebele.

Mission

 To give quality education for its students

 To qualify and prepare students for higher education

Vision

o To see a citizen that is involved in work creation and participates in democratic and
development activities

Goal

 To create a citizen that is enriched in knowledge, democratic and good behavior

We couldn’t get any data related to statistical data, because we were asked a support paper by
the director of the school in order to obtain such kind of information about the school.
Because of this, we just directly stepped into our task of identifying the problems that are
found within the school and may affect the process of teaching and learning in the school.
Those problems include,
 Situations in which many students having other skills learn what they are not
interested in; i.e students that have skills like web development and programming
spend much of their time on learning what they are not passionate about.
 There is no transparency between parents and students monitoring their grades well

1.5.3 Shenen Gibe Hospital

1.5.3.1 Background of Hospital
Shenen Gibe hospital is the last institution we visited, and we have selected it for the
development of our project, because many of the problems that we observed there have
serious effects on the lives of the society. It is the only hospital found in the kebele, which
was established in 2004, E.C and it became a general hospital in 2010. It has a total of 215
workers, and it aims to increase this number to 399. There are 3 specialists, 15 doctors and 60
nurses that work in the hospital.

The following are the services it gives,

 Clinical service areas

o TBL/TB-HIV/MDR-TB treatment services

o Comprehensive ART care services

o VCT MEDICAL services

o Ophthalmologic services

o Dental care and treatment services

o Psychiatric services

o Mentorship and supportive supervision to HCs

o Emergency outpatient services

o Outpatient services

o Inpatient services

o Maternal and child health services (ANC, PMTCT FP, EPI, PNC)

o Labor and delivery services

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Chapter4.Methodology

o NICU services

o Operation services

 Laboratory services
o Routine laboratory tests
o Chemistry tests
o Hematology
o Serology
o CD4 test
o AFB
 Diagnostic tests
o X-ray

Figure 1.2: Shenen Gibe hospital

Mission

 To improve the participation of the citizens in the affairs of health

 To improve the control and development of human labor in the health sector

 To facilitate the improvement of emergency services

Vision

 To create healthy citizens that participates on the development of their country.

We observed so many problems that affect the lives of the patients that use this services, and
also the working of the hospital. These problems are:-
 The use of old manual documentation system

 Situations like loss of individual’s data

 Using primitive ways of file handling system

 No backup method of files and other data

Figure 1.3: Drug store of Shenen Gibe hospital

CHAPTER 2

15
Chapter4.Methodology

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The reason why we select Shenen Gibe Hospital is:

 The problems that exist in the hospital affect patients’ lives in a negative way more than the
problems in other institutions.
 The hospital needs more digitalized data handling system than other institutions because it
handles more data than the other institutions we have seen.
 Patient should get service quickly.

The institution we have selected for our project has the following problems.

 The presence of manual documentation system – this causes a lot of problems such as
losses of documents and also the waste of time searching individual’s documents

Figure 2.1: Documents in the hospital.

 Weak drug handling system – there is no effective system that manages situations like
wiping out drugs that are when the expiry date of the drugs arrives

 No backup method of the data of customers – this may cause the data of the customers to
be lost and a little server cannot handle this huge patient data and if its lost it could cause
major damage.

The above problems have serious outcomes on the services that the hospital provides, and
also on the customers using the services the hospital provides.
They become obstacles towards the hospital not to provide the services it should give to its
customers effectively.
This brings the unhappiness and being unsatisfied with the services provided. In addition to
this, some of the problems that exist may also cause serious issues on the health of the society
using their services. For instance, the problem of weak drug management system may cause a
lot of problems and issues on the lives of the patients, because if the drugs are not managed
effectively, there exists the availability of expired drugs which causes bad health problems.
These problems might also make the institution lose its reliability from its customers.
From the above issues, we have selected the following ones to develop our project on them,
 Manual data handling system, which is the primitive way of handling data
We have chosen the above problem because the outcome of the problem affects the lives of
the customers badly, and also it needs a fast solution

CHAPTER 3
17
Chapter4.Methodology

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

3.1 General objectives

 Making the institution more digitalized

 Prepare different simple and easy systems for the organization

These are our main and general objectives and we try to do our project to make these
objectives successful.

3.2 Specific objectives

Depending on our general objectives, we recognized the following points as our specific
objectives. These are,

 To involve the community in the problem solving process.

 Making the data finding process easy.

 Creating the awareness to the community and also the workers about the benefits of

using digital systems for the purpose of handling data more easily

 Creating web based system

Scope
Our scope is to get the solution for the specified problems which are chosen from the stated
problems within the institution, and we have selected to find a solution for the problem of
manual documentation system.

Depending on this main problem, we stated our objective to make or develop a system for the
purpose of making the management of data easy and simple.

This system will also be helpful at reducing the amount of time wasted to search and find
individuals documents, and also other purposes related with data handling.

Totally, our scope mainly relies on, Implementation of the automation system for data
handling using a database, which will make it easy to handle data. As another option, we will
also use a designed system to hold files and notifies the patient when there is an appointment.
It will also be more efficient and more reliable.

Generally, our scope covers solving this problem by developing one system which performs
the listed tasks. This will make the institution excellent with data handling. By using this
system, the institution, the employees in it, and also the customers will be able to save their
time and also resources.
CHAPTER 4

19
Chapter4.Methodology

METHODOLOGY
During our problem identification and observation, we used different kinds of methodologies
and techniques to gather information and identify problems. Those are,

 Observation

 Interview

 Document analysis

4.1 Observation
This method is used as a great starting point. To make our problem identification more
logical and scientific, we started by observing some organizational problems. This helped us
to settle out the basic problems in the organizations.

4.2 Interview
Interview is the other method used during our information gathering. We have made an
interview with the higher level managers and low level employees additionally with
customers who are seeking service from those organizations at the time of our observation.
This method gave us real and logical answers for our questions.

4.3 Document analysis

Document analysis was also one of the methods we used to identify problems. We used
documents such as maps and also other documents in order to make our task more effective.
This helped us to identify the core problems found within the institutions.

CHAPTER 5
FUTURE PHASE
In the next phase of our CBE program, we will be designing a new system which solves the
problem that the institution we selected faces. We are going to design a website which solves
the documentation problems, and also helps to save the time and resources needed to
manipulate data in the institution. This means that we are going to implement a website
which is digital rather than manual by using database software to keep the data digitally
secured. These are our future phase plans we planned for phase two.

LIMTATION OF THE STUDY

We categories the limitation of our study in to three

 Limitation from student

 Limitation from university
 Limitation from community

Limitation from student

 Unable to communicate with society due to language difference.

 Unable to use their time properly on the field.
Limitation from university
 Unable to interact with society
 Repetition of data collection by different department continually at the same kebele.
 Short period allocation for data collection.

Limitation from university

 Unable to interact with society

 Repetition of data collection by different department continually at the same kebele.
 Short period allocation for data collection.

Limitation from community

 Lack of awareness in the community toward the aims and goal CBTP program.
 Absence of graphical and statically data at the administration office of the kebele.
 Unwilling of some individual to text exact information(specially age).

Remedies
 we have tried to obtain the problem of the society.
 We have collected useful data for our proposal.
 We alter the community awareness about TCBT.
 We describe the kebele using map which was available in the kebele administration.

21
Chapter4.Methodology

 To make easy our work we grouped ourselves into pair of two by considering the ability of
language.

Recommendation

 The CBTP program is very important to recognize the social difficulties and benefits the
community in all aspects by solving their problem.so it has to be done in well-organized
manner.
 The following point should be take into consideration to solve the problem that arise from
the community. Student and university after each data collection in short period of time
as much as possible and to conduct the CBTP program successfully.
 The government should create job opportunity for those who are unemployed
 The student must give attention to the program because it is the simplest way of practice.
 The awareness must be created among the community about the importance of CBTP.
 These programs must be spread to other university found in Ethiopia because at moment
the CBTP program is working for some universities.
 Non-governmental organization should be undertaken to solve the community problem.
 Government should fulfill the social desire and encourage hard working society.
 Governmental organizations like kebele must organize there data in computerize

Reference
 Questioner paper of CBTP(Jimma University)
 Our adviser’s
 Senior students
 Kebele officials communities of Becho Bore
 CPTP reports of the previous years