MECHATRONICS ME156P-2/E01 F2F EXPERIMENT

NO. 5

F2F Experiment TITLE :

Motorized Pinwheel
 

STUDENT NAME: Macabeo, Rafaela Patricia D. Date Performed: Sep. 21, 22

Student No. 2017100354 Date Submitted: Oct. 3, 22

Course and Year: ME/4 Professor: Engr. Edward Ang

DISCUSSION:

The major objective of this experiment, titled "Motorized Pinwheel," is to build a

prototype that could power a DC motor. Since the Arduino can only create 5V, power sources
are needed in order to perform this. The Arduino board can only deliver 40 milliamps (mA) from
the digital pins, which is less than what most motors require in order to function, so a battery and
a power source were utilized to generate enough voltages to run the DC motor. A multi-meter
will be utilized in this experiment as well to track the amperes produced by each power source.
The project would function flawlessly and produce the necessary sets of data with proper wire
placements and coding.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• To be able to carry out the experiment successfully.

• To know the importance of the battery.
• To understand how a DC motor works.
• To showcase ABET student results.
• To conduct the experiment while using engineering expertise and knowledge.

The student doing the experiment has to know more about coding and how to use the newly
provided functions correctly.

The student ought to have taken steps to reduce the likelihood that the prototype won't function
properly.

The data set generated must be carefully gathered and comprehended.

I will experience several engineering procedures in this experiment and should be able to handle
them. This is essential because the experiment displays ABET competencies and results.
Different engineering challenges are presented in the experiment itself, along with solutions.

“A” Ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering

In this experiment, we have to understand how the DC motor works, and how a diode is
essential to this.

“B” Ability to design and conduct experiments as well as analyze and interpret data

In this experiment we had to understand the design that was shown to us, analyze it to be able to
conduct the experiment correctly. I believe we had to attach everything better so that it works.
Any wrong placement of wiring, wrong coding or any loose attachment can result to errors.

“C” Ability to design a system to meet desired needs

Yes, this experiment requires groups to analyze the design and set up our own Arduino
Motorized Pinwheel

“D” Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams

I believe we worked quite well together. I acknowledge that I was more vocal because I was the
oldest in the group, and I’m also the only girl. But everyone had a purpose. Someone was
recording and taking pictures, someone would be recording all output data, someone was
measuring all materials and taking notes. Someone was focused on coding setup, and I was
focused on assembling the Arduino board. Someone else was connecting Tachometer to the
rotor since I didn’t have a good grip to it.

“E” Ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems

We understood better the difference with AC and DC, which we all learned from electrical
engineering classes, it was fun to actually use it in an experiment.

“F” Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility

Tinkercad was not used in this experiment, we made everything as a group. Everyone was trying
to contribute. No one was being lazy, everyone was helpful. This was a good sign for our first
group work, it showed us that we are in a group that are working well together and producing
good results for the group data to discuss.
“G” Ability to communicate effectively

Out of 5 students in our group. They gave their ideas and asked questions. The rest of the guys
were communicating with me compactly, making sure we all agreed, and that we have compile
correct result data.
“H” Broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a
global/societal context

Yes, the experiment was simple, it is a very good entry for those who are new in electrical
engineering. It gave us students a good understanding of temperature aspect of coding,
programming, electrical and mechanical field of Arduino.

“I” Recognition of the needs for and ability to engage in lifelong learning

Diode was introduced to us, and this kind of project can be modified for future progress.

“J” Knowledge on contemporary issues

None that I can think of, maybe for cars or any moving motor

“K” Ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools for engineering
practice

On top of my head, we can use this for safety features. For example in a car, elevators.

“L” Knowledge and understanding of engineering and management principles as a

member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments

Our group was very cooperative, Leadership and guidance shared in the group was achieved.
Team work benefited us to finish quick after we got the “lucky” Arduino board.
List of Materials needed for this Experiment:

Power supply usb

DC Motor

MOSFET Push botton

resistor

Diode

Battery
3 green, 3 yellow long Jumper wire
& 3 short blue jumper wire
 1. Arduino Uno R3 board-
One of the key components of this investigation. This acts as the project's power supply and is
also where the codes, wires, and pins are kept. The next image shows an Arduino Uno R3.

2. Breadboard
An open-source electronics platform called Arduino is built on simple hardware and
software. Using a finger on a button or a light on a sensor, Arduino boards can read
inputs.
It is utilized to create temporary circuits. Designers may quickly remove and change
components thanks to its usefulness.

3. USB cable
To connect Arduino Uno to our computer for coding and to check result data.

4. Diode
 In this experiment we need 1 diode. The Diode avoids the situation where there can be
a back voltage that could damage the circuit. An image of the Diode needed can be seen
above.

5. Resistor

In this project we need 1 resistor with 10kΩ resistance. The gold part of the resistor
should be on the left side. An image of the resistor needed can be seen above.

6. Pushbutton

The pushbutton in this project would act as a trigger signaling the Arduino board when
to give off power to the DC Motor. An image of the Pushbutton can be seen above

7. MOSFET

The MOSFET for this project serves as the switch for the pinwheel motor signaling it
when to turn on and off.
8. Battery

The battery needed for this project is the 9V battery. This is required to make the DC
Motor run and work.

9. DC Motor

1 DC Motor is needed for this project since we are using battery as another power
source. This is the RPM is generated under the yellow gear.

10. Multi-meter

The multi meter is used to record the actual reading of the 9V battery’s amperage.
11. Tachometer

The power supply is another power source used in this experiment. This records the
amperage at a certain voltage power.
Procedures implemented in the Experiment:

Step 1: Take all material needed , provided by our professor, and for this experiment we
opened a YouTube video made by sir. Ang. Following every step there.

Step 2: Next, we will be connecting or placing the jumper wires needed. First, connect the 5v
power source from the Arduino board to the top positive side of the Breadboard and color the
wire is green.

Next, connect the GND source from the Arduino to the second most top negative pin of the
Breadboard and color the wire is green.
Then connect digital pin 9 (from the Arduino board) to 17a on the breadboard and color the
wire as yellow. Next is we connect digital pin 2 from the Arduino board, to 7a on the
breadboard and color the wire as yellow.

Next, on the breadboard, connect 5a to the positive terminal on its left. Then, from the
breadboard as well, connect 11a to the negative terminal on its right.

Then after doing so, connect 19a to the negative terminal on the breadboard on its left as well.
Then, connect 18c to 26f on the breadboard.

Lastly, connect the right negative terminal (last pin) to the left negative terminal also at the last
pin on the breadboard.

Step 3: In this step we will be adding a 10kΩ resistor. Before placing the resistor make sure that
the gold band is facing downward since we will be placing the resistor vertically. After doing
that, place the resistor on 7c and 11c.

Step 4: In this part we will be adding the Pushbutton. To know if the pushbutton is in its
horizontal position, the two left legs must be placed on 5e and 7e.

Step 5: In this step we will be adding the MOSFET. It is placed in 17e, 18e and 19e respectively.

Step 6: Next we will add a diode. Place it in 26h and connect the cathode to the positive
terminal on the breadboard.

Step 7: In this step we will be adding the DC motor. Connect the terminal 1 of the DC Motor to
26g on the breadboard and for our experiment both wires of the DC motor are red, then the
positive terminal of the DC motor will be connected to the positive terminal on the
breadboard’s right power rail.

Step 8: In this step we will now measure the ampere of the 9V battery. In doing so add the
multimeter and click on it to set its readings to Ampere or Amperage. Connect the red terminal
of the multimeter to the black terminal of the DC motor. It will go up to 9V.
List of ONLINE SAFETY procedures implemented in this experiment.

1. Check and verify the list of components needed. A missing component will cause error. The motor
won’t move.

2. Make sure to test the battery using the multimeter, and that it has sufficient voltage for the
experiment to work.

3. We had a manual and automatic Tachometer, the automatic one doesn’t work well with our
motor, our application Tachometer also didn’t work. We had no choice but to use the manual
Tachometer. It is best to let everyone in the group to handle the manual Tachometer,
because it takes a good grip and steady hands for it to work correctly. Do this more than
once, to confirm the accuracy of the experiment.(also use a timer, to time 1 min)

4. Don’t touch the end of the rotor with fingers when it is moving, to prevent cuts.

Write the complete Arduino Program use in this experiment with each line explanation
what are the commands/syntax used: (your understanding)

1. const int switchPin = 2; // switch pin declared as digital pin 2

2. const int motorPin = 9; // motor pin declared as PWM pin 9
3. int switchState = 0; // the switch’s present state
4. void setup() { // set up function at the start only
5. pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT); // the motor pin is declared as an OUTPUT
6. pinMode(switchPin, INPUT); // the switch pin is declared as an INPUT
7. }
8. void loop() { // runs a loop indefinitely
9. switchState = digitalRead(switchPin); // determines if the switch pin has a voltage or current.
10. if (switchState == HIGH) { // declares that if the switch state has high voltage, then it is
compared
11. digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH); // sends voltage to motor pin
12. }
13. else { // this is for when the motor pin’s voltage is low
14. digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW); // there is low, or no voltage sent to the motor pin
15. }
16. }
17.

Data Gathered:

We used a Tachometer to measure the revolution per minute of the motor. We did each trial
twice to ensure accuracy. As we tried several times, we saw that the higher RPM, the Higher
Voltage used.
 The data indicates that the stronger the light is the higher dB it indicates.

Analysis of the Experiment done

We have achieved all the goals of our group, at first try our rotor did not work, but after
attaching all the wires and materials properly it work, hence the reason why it is in the
recommendation to connect it properly. Also, we have checked that the battery is 9V, before
every trial we did. Whenever the rotor is on, the voltage decreases to more or less 5V.
Depending on how many revolution it makes, voltage changes. Since friction between the rotor
and the Tachometer, there is a margin of error.

Recommendation:

In addition, the brief and basic codes must be precisely implemented. When gathering the
data, make sure that the negative and positive terminals for the battery, DC motor, Power
Supply, and multi-meter are in the right positions. I advise making sure there are no misplaced
wires. For this project, keep in mind that a DC motor is best because we'll also be using a battery
as a power source. Last but not least, I advise students to be familiar with the manual, automatic,
or phone app functions of a tachometer before using one.

Conclusion:

All goals were achieved and put into effect to bring this experiment to a close. During the
process, new and accurate knowledge was acquired. I discovered that the diode is crucial to this
experiment since it guards against back voltage on the entire board (including the Arduino and
breadboard). Without the diode, the experiment will not succeed, and the entire project will be
ruined. I also discovered that the 9V battery is necessary because the Arduino board is unable to
give the DC Motor with adequate power to function. The significance of the MOSFET employed
here, which serves as a switch to turn on and off the motor, was another thing I discovered.
Lastly, when using a manual Tachometer, always repeat to ensure the accuracy.

REFERENCES:

https://programminginarduino.wordpress.com/2016/03/04/project-10-2/
https://forum.arduino.cc/t/project-09-motorized-pinwheel-motor-spins-continuously/912555
https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/electrical-codes-and-standards/NFPA-70E? code=70E

a. Why do we need MOSFET and/or transistor in this experiment?

- The MOSFET and transistor are the components that makes it possible to record the high
voltage and amperes produced by the system. Without them, we cannot record it due to the
Arduino only supplying low amounts of voltage.

b. Can you use the AC motor in this experiment? Why?

- The AC motor cannot be used in this experiment since AC motors needs alternating current as
their power source. DC motors are made exactly for this experiment since we are using
batteries and DC motors rely on batteries for power supply.

c. Explain the role of the extra battery in this experiment? Why the need?
- The battery used in this experiment acted as an extra power source since the Arduino board
can only generate 5V. In this experiment we needed 9V in order for the motor to run or turn.

d. Individually suggest electrical and mechanical standards or codes and local or international
applicable in this experiment. Cite source/s.

- I would suggest the NFPA 70E the electrical code in safety in the workshop as we deal with
circuits and currents, we must be prepared and must keep in mind to eliminate risks and
hazards for our own safety and everyone’s safety in the workshop or workplace.