FRAME ANALYSIS

Ts. Syahrul Fithry Bin Senin

Faculty of Civil Engineering
UiTM Penang Branch
 Types of Frame

Braced Frame
• NOT contribute to the overall structural
stability
• None lateral actions are transmitted to
columns & beams
• Support vertical actions only
Shear wall as
bracing members

Unbraced Frame
• Contribute to the overall structural
stability
• All lateral actions are transmitted to
columns & beams
• Support vertical & lateral actions
 Introduction
3D Frame: Beam, Column
& Slab

2D Frame Analysis

Building Construction

3D Frame: Beam &

Column ONLY
2D Frame Analysis
 Introduction: Substitute Frame

2D Frame Analysis

Sub-frame: Roof Level

Sub-frame: Other Floor Level

 Methods of Analysis

(i) One-level Sub-frame

(ii) Two-points Sub-frame

Kb1 0.5Kb2 0.5Kb1 Kb2 0.5Kb3

 Methods of Analysis

(iii) Continuous Beam and One-point Sub-frame

0.5Kb
0.5Kb 0.5Kb 0.5Kb
 Combination of Actions

BS EN 1992-1-1: Cl. 5.1.3

Load Set 1: Alternate or adjacent spans loaded

❑Alternate span carrying the design variable and permanent

load (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk), other spans carrying only the design
permanent loads (1.35Gk)

❑Any two adjacent spans carrying the design variable and

permanent loads (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk), all other spans carrying only
the design permanent load (1.35Gk)
 Combination of Actions

Load Set 1

Alternate Span Loaded Adjacent Span Loaded

1.5Qk 1.5Qk
1.35Gk
 Combination of Actions

MALAYSIAN / UK NATIONAL ANNEX

Load set 2: All or alternate spans loaded

❑ All span carrying the design variable and permanent loads

(1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)

❑Alternate span carrying the design variable and permanent

load (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk), other spans carrying only the design
permanent loads (1.35Gk)
 Combination of Actions

Load Set 2
All Spans Loaded

1.5Qk
1.35Gk

Alternate Span Loaded

 Example 1
ACTION ON BEAMS
 Example 1

2@4 m = 8 m
6m 6m 6m
1m Level 7

Level 6

6@3.5 m = 21 m
Level 5

Level 4

7@5 m = 35 m
Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

4m
2@4 m = 8 m

6m 6m 6m
 Example 1: Action on Beams

Loading Data

Finishes, ceiling & services= 0.75 kN/m2

Concrete density = 25 kN/m3
Variable action = 4 kN/m2
Partition = 0.50 kN/m2

Structural Dimensions

Slab thickness, h = 150 mm

Beam size, b  h = 250  600 mm
Column size, b  h = 300  400 mm
 Example 1: Action on Beams

Load on Slab

Slab self weight = 0.15 m  25 kN/m3 = 3.75 kN/m2

Finishes, ceiling, services = 1.25 kN/m2
Characteristics permanent action, gk = 5.00 kN/m2

Imposed load = 4.00 kN/m2

Partition = 0.50 kN/m2
Characteristics variable action, qk = 4.50 kN/m2
Other Loads on Beam

Beam self weight = 0.25 m  (0.60 – 0.15) m  25 kN/m3 = 2.81 kN/m

 Example 1: Action on Beams

𝐿𝑦 6 𝐿𝑦
= = 1.50 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2)
𝐿𝑥 4 𝐿𝑥
6 𝐿𝑦 6
= = 1.50 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1) = = 1.50 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2)
4 𝐿
𝑥
4

4m
0.47 0.45 0.47

0.42 0.39 0.42

5m

6m 6m 6m

𝐿𝑦 6 𝐿𝑦 6 𝐿𝑦 6
= = 1.20 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2) = = 1.20 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 1) = = 1.20 (𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒 2)
𝐿𝑥 5 𝐿𝑥 5 𝐿𝑥 5
 Example 1: Action on Beams

Gk = Permanent action on slab + Beam self weight

= (0.47  5.00  4) + (0.42  5.00  5) + 2.81 = 22.71 kN/m
Qk = Variable action on slab
= (0.47  4.50  4) + (0.42  4.50  5) = 17.91 kN/m

0.47 0.45 0.47

0.42 0.39 0.42

Gk = Permanent action on slab + Beam self weight

= (0.45  5.00  4) + (0.39  5.00  5) + 2.81 = 21.56 kN/m
Qk = Variable action on slab
= (0.45  4.50  4) + (0.39  4.50  5) = 16.88 kN/m
 Example 1: Action on Beams

wmax = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 57.53 kN/m wmax = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 57.53 kN/m
wmin = 1.35Gk = 30.66 kN/m wmin = 1.35Gk = 30.66 kN/m

wmax = 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk = 54.42 kN/m

wmin = 1.35Gk = 29.11 kN/m

6m 6m 6m
 Example 2
ANALYSIS OF ONE-LEVEL
SUB-FRAME
 Example 2

2@4 m = 8 m
6m 6m 6m
1m Level 7

Level 6

6@3.5 m = 21 m
Level 5

Level 4

7@5 m = 35 m
Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

4m
2@4 m = 8 m

6m 6m 6m
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Analysis using LOAD SET 1

wmax = 57.53 kN/m wmax = 57.53 kN/m

wmin = 30.66 kN/m wmax = 54.42 kN/m wmin = 30.66 kN/m Kc,u
3.5 m
wmin = 29.11 kN/m

KAB KBC KCD

Kc,l
4m

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Structural Dimension
Beam: 250 mm  600 mm
Column: 300 mm 400 mm

Moment of Inertia, I = bh3/12

250×6003
Beam: 12
= 4.5 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
300×4003
Column: 12
= 1.6 × 109 𝑚𝑚4

Stiffness, K = I/L
9
Beam: 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 4.5×10 = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
6000
9
Column: 𝐾𝑐,𝑢 = 1.6×10 = 4.6 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
3500
9
1.6×10
𝐾𝑐,𝑙 = = 4.0 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
4000
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Distribution Factor, F = K/K
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷
Joint A & Joint D: 𝐹𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷 = = 0.47
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
𝐾𝑐,𝑢
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
= 0.28
𝐾𝑐,𝑙
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.25
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙

𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶
Joint B & Joint C: 𝐹𝐵𝐴, 𝐶𝐵 = = 0.32
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 +𝐾 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
𝐾 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷
𝐹𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷 = = 0.32
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 +𝐾 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
𝐾𝑐,𝑢
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 +𝐾 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
= 0.19
𝐾𝑐,𝑙
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.17
𝐾 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 +𝐾 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷+𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
CASE 1: Span 1 & 2 = wmax, Span 3 = wmin

3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmax = 54.4 kN/m
wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

4m

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
Fixed End Moment
𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿2 54.4 × 62
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 163.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿2 30.7 × 62
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = = = 92.0 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Moment Distribution Method
51.00 -8.46 -8.71 -24.07
0.18 -0.27 0.29 -0.09
1.31 -0.78 0.38 -1.04
0.42 -0.56 4.45 3.23
49.09 -1.81 -13.82 -26.16
0.28 A B 0.19 C 0.19 D 0.28
0.25 0.47 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.47 0.25
-172.6 172.6 -163.3 163.3 -92.0 92.0
43.0 80.5 -3.0 -1.6 -3.0 -22.7 -12.1 -22.7 -42.9 -22.9
-1.5 40.3 -11.3 -1.5 -21.5 -11.3
0.4 0.7 -9.2 -4.9 -9.2 7.3 3.9 7.3 5.3 2.8
-4.6 0.3 3.7 -4.6 2.6 3.7
1.1 2.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 -1.7 -0.9
-0.6 1.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.3
0.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1
44.6 -95.6 200.4 -7.4 -184.5 142.3 -7.6 -125.9 45.1 -21.1
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Moment in the COLUMN at each joint

51.00 -8.46 -8.71 -24.07

0.18 -0.27 0.29 -0.09
1.31 -0.78 0.38 -1.04
0.42 -0.56 4.45 3.23
49.09 -1.81 -13.82 -26.16
0.28 A B 0.19 C 0.19 D 0.28
0.25 0.47 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.47 0.25
-172.6 172.6 -163.3 163.3 -92.0 92.0
43.0 80.5 -3.0 -1.6 -3.0 -22.7 -12.1 -22.7 -42.9 -22.9
-1.5 40.3 -11.3 -1.5 -21.5 -11.3
0.4 0.7 -9.2 -4.9 -9.2 7.3 3.9 7.3 5.3 2.8
-4.6 0.3 3.7 -4.6 2.6 3.7
1.1 2.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 -1.7 -0.9
-0.6 1.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.3
0.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1
44.6 -95.6 200.4 -7.4 -184.5 142.3 -7.6 -125.9 45.1 -21.1
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Moment in the BEAM at each joint

51.00 -8.46 -8.71 -24.07

0.18 -0.27 0.29 -0.09
1.31 -0.78 0.38 -1.04
0.42 -0.56 4.45 3.23
49.09 -1.81 -13.82 -26.16
0.28 A B 0.19 C 0.19 D 0.28
0.25 0.47 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.32 0.17 0.32 0.47 0.25
-172.6 172.6 -163.3 163.3 -92.0 92.0
43.0 80.5 -3.0 -1.6 -3.0 -22.7 -12.1 -22.7 -42.9 -22.9
-1.5 40.3 -11.3 -1.5 -21.5 -11.3
0.4 0.7 -9.2 -4.9 -9.2 7.3 3.9 7.3 5.3 2.8
-4.6 0.3 3.7 -4.6 2.6 3.7
1.1 2.1 -1.3 -0.7 -1.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 -1.7 -0.9
-0.6 1.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.9 0.3
0.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.1
44.6 -95.6 200.4 -7.4 -184.5 142.3 -7.6 -125.9 45.1 -21.1
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Reaction Calculation at Support

wmax = 57.5 kN/m wmax = 54.4 kN/m

125.9 wmin = 30.7 kN/m 45.1
95.6 200.4 184.5 142.3

6m 6m 6m

VAB VBA VBC VCB VCD VDC

Solve for each span using equilibrium method of analysis:

VAB = 155.1 kN
VBA = 190.0 kN

VBC = 170.3 kN
VCB = 156.2 kN

VCD = 105.5 kN
VDC = 78.5 kN
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram
170.3
155.1 105.5

SFD (kN)
2.7 m 3.1 m 3.4 m
78.5
156.2
190.0

25.5 4.3 4.4 12.1

200.4
184.5
142.3 125.9
95.6 45.1
51.0 24.1
BMD (kNm) 44.6 8.5 7.4 8.7 7.6
21.1

55.4
82.0
113.5

22.3 3.7 3.8 10.6

 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 2: Span 2 & 3 = wmax, Span 1 = wmin

3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmax = 54.4 kN/m
wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

4m

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 3: Span 1 & 3 = wmax, Span 2 = wmin

3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmin = 29.1 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

4m

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 4: Span 1 & 3 = wmin, Span 2 = wmax

3.5 m wmax = 54.4 kN/m

wmin = 30.7 kN/m wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

4m

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Shear Force and Bending Moment Envelope
190.0, 190.0
161.9, 161.9 170.3, 170.3
156.2 183.2
155.1
78.5 87.3 105.5

SFD (kN) 87.3 78.5

105.5 156.2
183.2 170.3, 170.3
190.0, 190.0 155.1
Case 1 161.9, 161.9

Case 2
Case 3 200.4
184.5 184.5
200.4
168.8 153.4 168.8 104.5
Case 4 104.5
130.9
142.3
153.4 142.3 130.9
95.6
95.6 125.9
125.9 112.6 112.6
45.1 45.1
BMD (kNm) 43.8
54.1 54.1 43.8
18.4
55.4 55.4
82.0, 82.0
113.5 91.5 113.5
123.0
123.0
 Example 2: Analysis of One Level Sub-
Frame
Shear Force and Bending Moment Envelope
190.0, 190.0
161.9, 161.9 170.3, 170.3
156.2 183.2
155.1
78.5 87.3 105.5

SFD (kN) 87.3 78.5

105.5 156.2
183.2 170.3, 170.3
190.0, 190.0 155.1
Case 1 161.9, 161.9

Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
55.9 55.9
BMD (kNm) 48.9 30.0 26.2 30.0 26.2 48.9
 Example 3
ANALYSIS OF TWO FREE-
JOINT SUB-FRAME
 Example 3

2@4 m = 8 m
6m 6m 6m
1m Level 7

Level 6

6@3.5 m = 21 m
Level 5

Level 4

7@5 m = 35 m
Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

4m
2@4 m = 8 m

6m 6m 6m
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
CASE 1: Span 1 & 2 = wmax

3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmax = 54.4 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2

C
4m

6m 6m

A B Stiffness, K = I/L
9
4.5×10
Beam: 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
6000
9
Span AB

4.5×10
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 0.5 × = 3.75 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
6000
9
Column: 𝐾𝑐,𝑢 = 1.6×10 = 4.6 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
3500
9
1.6×10
𝐾𝑐,𝑙 = = 4.0 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
4000
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Fixed End Moment Moment Distribution Method
𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62 51.0 -11.9
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12 0.0 -0.4
𝑤𝐿2 54.4 × 62 2.2 -0.1
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 163.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12 0.5 -9.3
48.3 -2.1
Distribution Factor, F = K/K 0.28 0.23
A B
0.25 0.47 0.38 0.20 0.19
7.5
Joint A: 𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 7.5+4.6+4.0
= 0.47 -172.6 172.6 -163.3
4.6
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 7.5+4.6+4.0
= 0.28 43.1 81.1 -3.5 -1.9 -1.8
4.0 -1.8 40.6 0.0
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.25
7.5+4.6+4.0 0.4 0.8 -15.4 -8.1 -7.7

7.5 -7.7 0.4 0.0

Joint B: 𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 7.5+3.75+4.6+4.0
= 0.38 3.6 -0.2 -0.1
1.9 -0.1
Span AB

3.75
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 7.5+3.75+4.6+4.0
= 0.19 -0.1 1.8 0.0
4.6 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 7.5+3.75+4.6+4.0
= 0.23
45.4 -96.7 195.6 -10.5 -173.2
4.0
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.20
7.5+3.75+4.6+4.0
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
CASE 2: Span 1 = wmax , Span 2 = wmin
Moment Distribution Method
55.2 -30.2
3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m
0.2 -0.4
wmin = 29.11 kN/m
2.2 -0.9

Span 1 Span 2 4.5 -9.3

C 48.3 -19.6
4m 0.28 0.23
A B
6m 6m 0.25 0.47 0.38 0.20 0.19
-172.6 172.6 -87.3
43.1 81.1 -32.4 -17.1 -16.2
A B -16.2 40.5 0.0
4.0 7.6 -15.4 -8.1 -7.7
Span AB

-7.7 3.8 0.0

1.9 3.6 -1.4 -0.8 -0.7
-0.7 1.8 0.0
0.2 0.3 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3
49.2 -105.1 168.8 -26.4 -112.2
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Reaction Calculation at Support
CASE 1 CASE 2
wmax = 57.5 kN/m wmax = 57.5 kN/m
96.7 195.6 105.1 168.8

6m 6m

VAB VBA VAB VBA

Solve for each span using Solve for each span using
equilibrium method of analysis: equilibrium method of analysis:

VAB = 156.2 kN VAB = 162.0 kN

VBA = 189.0 kN VBA = 183.2 kN
Span AB
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram

162.0
156.2
SFD (kN)
183.2
189.0

105.1 195.4
97.1 168.8
49.0 56.0
BMD (kNm) 26.4
30.2

114.9
Span AB

122.9
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
CASE 1: Span 1 & 2 = wmax, Span 3 = wmin

3.5 m
wmax = 57.5 kN/m
wmax = 54.4 kN/m
wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

A D
4m

6m 6m 6m

B C
Span BC
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame

Fixed End Moment Distribution Factor, F = K/K

𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3.75
12 12 Joint B: 𝐹𝐵𝐴 = = 0.19
3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
𝑤𝐿2 54.4 × 62 7.5
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = = = 163.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = = 0.38
12 12 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
𝑤𝐿2 30.7 × 62 4.6
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = = 0.23
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = = 92.0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
12 12 4.0
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.20
3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0

Stiffness, K = I/L 7.5

9 Joint C: 𝐹𝐶𝐵 = = 0.38
Beam: 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 0.5 × 4.5×10 = 3.75 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
6000 3.75
9 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = = 0.19
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 4.5×10 = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
4.6
6000
1.6×10
9 𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
= 0.23
Column: 𝐾𝑐,𝑢 = = 4.6 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 4.0
3500
1.6×10
9 𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.20
𝐾𝑐,𝑙 = = 4.0 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
Span BC

4000
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Moment Distribution Method
1.00 -16.61
0.11 0.01
-0.08 -0.59
3.11 0.41
-2.15 -16.44

B 0.23 C 0.23
0.19 0.20 0.38 0.38 0.20 0.19
172.6 -163.3 163.3 -92.0
-1.8 -1.9 -3.5 -27.0 -14.4 -13.5
0.0 -13.5 -1.8 0.0
2.6 2.7 5.1 0.7 0.4 0.3
0.0 0.3 2.6 0.0
Span BC

-0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5

0.0 -0.5 -0.1 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
173.4 0.9 -175.3 136.7 -14.5 -105.6
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
CASE 2: Span 2 = wmax, Span 1 & 3 = wmin

3.5 m wmax = 54.4 kN/m

wmax = 30.7 kN/m wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

A D
4m

6m 6m 6m

B C
Span BC
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame

Fixed End Moment Distribution Factor, F = K/K

𝑤𝐿2 30.7 × 62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = = 92.0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3.75
12 12 Joint B: 𝐹𝐵𝐴 = = 0.19
3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
𝑤𝐿2 54.4 × 62 7.5
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = = = 163.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = = 0.38
12 12 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
𝑤𝐿2 30.7 × 62 4.6
𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = = 0.23
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = = 92.0 𝑘𝑁𝑚 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
12 12 4.0
𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.20
3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0

Stiffness, K = I/L 7.5

9 Joint C: 𝐹𝐶𝐵 = = 0.38
Beam: 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 0.5 × 4.5×10 = 3.75 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
6000 3.75
9 𝐹𝐶𝐷 = = 0.19
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 4.5×10 = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
4.6
6000
1.6×10
9 𝐹𝑐,𝑢 = 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
= 0.23
Column: 𝐾𝑐,𝑢 = = 4.6 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 4.0
3500
1.6×10
9 𝐹𝑐,𝑙 = = 0.20
𝐾𝑐,𝑙 = = 4.0 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 3.75+7.5+4.6+4.0
Span BC

4000
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Moment Distribution Method
20.25 -20.25
0.11 0.11
0.59 -0.59
3.11 -3.11
16.44 -16.44

B 0.23 C 0.23
0.19 0.20 0.38 0.38 0.20 0.19
92.0 -163.3 163.3 -92.0
13.5 14.4 27.0 -27.0 -14.4 -13.5
0.0 -13.5 13.5 0.0
2.6 2.7 5.1 -5.1 -2.7 -2.6
0.0 -2.6 2.6 0.0
Span BC

0.5 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5

0.0 -0.5 0.5 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1
108.6 17.7 -146.6 146.6 -14.5 -108.6
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Reaction Calculation at Support
CASE 1 CASE 2
wmax = 54.4 kN/m wmax = 54.4 kN/m
175.3 136.7 146.6 146.6

6m 6m

VBC VCB VBC VCB

Solve for each span using Solve for each span using
equilibrium method of analysis: equilibrium method of analysis:

VBC = 169.7 kN VCB = 163.3 kN

VCB = 156.8 kN VCB = 163.3 kN
Span BC
 Example 3: Analysis of Two Free-Joint Sub-
Frame
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram

169.7
163.3
SFD (kN)
156.8
163.3

175.3 195.4
146.6 146.6
20.2 20.2
BMD (kNm) 17.7 17.7
89.3

98.3
Span BC
 Example 4
CONTINUOUS BEAM + ONE
FREE-JOINT SUB-FRAME
 Example 4

2@4 m = 8 m
6m 6m 6m
1m Level 7

Level 6

6@3.5 m = 21 m
Level 5

Level 4

7@5 m = 35 m
Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

4m
2@4 m = 8 m

6m 6m 6m
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame

Load
Set 1 6m 6m 6m

A B C D

Moment of Inertia Distribution Factor, F = K/K

𝑏ℎ3 250 × 6003
𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = = 4.5 × 109 𝑚𝑚4 Joint A: 𝐹𝐵𝐴 =
5.63
= 1.00
12 12 5.63+0

Stiffness, K = I/L Joint B: 𝐹𝐵𝐴 =

5.63
5.63+7.5
= 0.43
𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 4.5 × 109 7.5
𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 0.75 × = 0.75 × 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = = 0.57
𝐿 6000 5.63+7.5
5
= 5.63 × 10 𝑚𝑚 3
7.5
𝐼 4.5 × 10 9 Joint C: 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = = 0.57
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3 5.63+7.5
𝐿 6000 𝐹𝐶𝐷 =
5.63
= 0.43
7.5+5.63

5.63
Joint D: 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = = 1.00
5.63+0
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
CASE 1: Span 1 & 2 = wmax, Span 3 = wmin

wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmax = 54.4 kN/m
wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

6m 6m 6m

A B C D

Fixed End Moment, FEM

𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿2 54.4 × 62
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = = = 163.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
𝑤𝐿2 30.7 × 62
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = = 92.0 𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Moment Distribution Method

A B C D
0.00 1.00 0.43 0.57 0.57 0.43 1.00 0.00
-172.6 172.6 -163.3 163.3 -92.0 92.0
172.6 -4.0 -5.3 -40.7 -30.5 -92.0
86.3 -20.4 -2.7 -46.0
-28.3 -37.7 27.8 20.9
13.9 -18.8
-6.0 -7.9 10.8 8.1
5.4 -4.0
-2.3 -3.1 2.3 1.7
1.1 -1.5
-0.5 -0.6 0.9 0.7
0.00 217.9 -217.9 137.2 -137.2 0.00
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Reaction Calculation at Support

wmax = 57.5 kN/m wmax = 54.4 kN/m

137.2 wmin = 30.7 kN/m
217.9 217.9 137.2

6m 6m 6m

VAB VBA VBC VCB VCD VDC

Solve for each span using equilibrium method of analysis:

VAB = 136.3 kN
VBA = 208.9 kN

VBC = 176.7 kN
VCB = 149.8 kN

VCD = 114.9 kN
VDC = 69.1 kN
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 2: Span 2 & 3 = wmax, Span 1 = wmin

wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmax = 54.4 kN/m
wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 3: Span 1 & 3 = wmax, Span 2 = wmin

wmax = 57.5 kN/m wmax = 57.5 kN/m

wmin = 29.1 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

6m 6m 6m

A B C D
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Do the same for Load CASE 2, CASE 3 & CASE 4
SELF STUDY !!!
CASE 4: Span 2 = wmax, Span 1 & 3 = wmin

wmax = 54.4 kN/m

wmin = 30.7 kN/m wmin = 30.7 kN/m

Span 1 Span 2 Span 3

6m 6m 6m

A B C D

FINALLY DO THE SFD & BMD ENVELOPE !!!

 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column

Column A
Fixed End Moment, FEM
𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
wmax = 57.5 kN/m
12 12
3.5 m Kc,u
Moment of Inertia, I = bh3/12

0.5KAB 250×6003
Beam: = 4.5 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
12
Kc,l 300×4003
4m
Column: = 1.6 × 109 𝑚𝑚4
6m 12

Stiffness, K = I/L
9
Beam: 𝐾𝐴𝐵 = 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐶𝐷 = 4.5×10 = 7.5 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
6000
9
1.6×10
Column: 𝐾𝑐,𝑢 = = 4.6 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
3500
9
1.6×10
𝐾𝑐,𝑙 = = 4.0 × 105 𝑚𝑚3
4000
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column
Moment in upper column, Mupper
𝐾𝑐,𝑢 4.6
𝑀 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 172.6 × = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑 kNm
𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐴𝐵 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5

Moment in lower column, Mlower

𝐾𝑐,𝑙 4.0
𝑀𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 172.6 × = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟎 kNm
𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐴𝐵 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5

56.0 64.3
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column

Column B
Fixed End Moment, FEM
3.5 m wmax = 57.5 kN/m Kc,u 𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
wmin = 29.1 kN/m 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 12 = 12
= 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑤𝐿2 29.1 × 62
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 87.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
0.5KAB 0.5KBC 12 12

4m Kc,l  ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 = 𝑀𝐴𝐵 − 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎

6m 6m
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column
Moment in upper column, Mupper
𝐾𝑐,𝑢 4.6
𝑀 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 85.3 × = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟐 kNm
𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐴𝐵+0.5𝐾𝐵𝐶 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5+0.5×7.5

Moment in lower column, Mlower

𝐾𝑐,𝑙 4.0
𝑀𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 85.3 × = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐 kNm
𝐾 𝑐,𝑢 +𝐾 𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐴𝐵+0.5𝐾𝐵𝐶 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5+0.5×7.5

24.2 21.2
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column

Column C
Fixed End Moment, FEM
3.5 m Kc,u wmax = 57.5 kN/m 𝑤𝐿2 29.1 × 62
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 87.3 𝑘𝑁𝑚
wmin = 29.1 kN/m 12 12
𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
0.5KBC 0.5KCD 12 12

4m Kc,l  ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 = 𝑀𝐶𝐷 − 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵𝒎

6m 6m
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column
Moment in upper column, Mupper
𝐾𝑐,𝑢 4.6
𝑀 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 85.3 × = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟐 kNm
𝐾𝑐,𝑢+𝐾𝑐,𝑙+0.5𝐾𝐵𝐶+0.5𝐾𝐶𝐷 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5+0.5×7.5

Moment in lower column, Mlower

𝐾𝑐,𝑙 4.0
𝑀𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 85.3 × = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐 kNm
𝐾𝑐,𝑢+𝐾𝑐,𝑙+0.5𝐾𝐵𝐶+0.5𝐾𝐶𝐷 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5+0.5×7.5

21.2 24.2
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column

Column D
Fixed End Moment, FEM
𝑤𝐿2 57.5 × 62
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = = = 172.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚
wmax = 57.5 kN/m
12 12
Kc,u 3.5 m

0.5KCD

Kc,l 4m
6m
 Example 4: Continuous Beam + One Free-
Joint Sub-Frame
Sub-Frame: Bending Moment in Column
Moment in upper column, Mupper
𝐾𝑐,𝑢 4.6
𝑀 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 172.6 × = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑 kNm
𝐾𝑐,𝑢+𝐾𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐶𝐷 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5

Moment in lower column, Mlower

𝐾𝑐,𝑙 4.0
𝑀𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀 × = 172.6 × = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟎 kNm
𝐾𝑐,𝑢+𝐾𝑐,𝑙 +0.5𝐾 𝐶𝐷 4.6+4.0+0.5×7.5

64.3 56.0