Introduction

Ethics, A Branch of philosophy that aims to define how moral concepts like right, wrong,
good, and evil should use, or to develop a theory about how these concepts should be applied.
Normative ethics, Meta ethics, and practical ethics are the conventional divisions within the
field of ethics. In order to create norms or standards of behavior, normative ethics must
decide whether to evaluate activities according to their results or according to their adherence
to a moral principle, such as "Do not lie." This is a key question in this area. Theories that
embrace the former standard of judging are known as consequentialists (see
consequentialism), whereas those that use the latter are known as deontological (see
deontological ethics). The nature of ethical decisions is a topic in Meta ethics.

The purpose of ethical theories are an effort to give a concise, comprehensive explanation of
what our ethical obligations are, ethical theories have been developed. To put it another way,
they are attempts to provide a generalized "narrative" about what we must do without actually
citing examples. It is typical in discussions of business ethics to make reference to one or
more ethical theories in an effort to shed light on what is good or wrong to do in specific
circumstances. Hics, for instance, can bring up philosophical issues with the concept of truth
and trust as well as metaphysical issues with the nature of "personhood" or the definition of
death.

DE; What do people think is right?

ME: what does right even mean?

NE: How should people act?

AE: How do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice?

-Descriptive Ethics or Morals: a study of human behavior because of beliefs about what is
right or wrong, or good or bad, insofar as that behavior is useful or effective. In a sense,
morals is the study of what thought to be right and what a group, society, or a culture
generally does. In general, morals correspond to what actually done in a society.
-Descriptive ethics can broadly thought of as the study of morality and moral issues from a
scientific point of view. It can thought of as the branch of ethics that attempts to develop
conceptual models and test those models empirically in order to enhance our understanding
of ethical or moral behavior, moral decision-making and more broadly moral phenomena.
This area or branch of ethics might also referred to as behavioral ethics.

-Descriptive or behavioral ethics, then, describes and explains moral behavior and
phenomena from a social science perspective or framework. Descriptive ethics, on the other
hand, approaches the study of morality or moral phenomena by asking different questions. In
general, this approach attempts to describe and explain moral action, moral decision-making,
and moral phenomena. For example, how do individuals process and resolve perceived
moral conflicts? What are the most important influences or causes for individuals behaving
ethically or unethically? What is the system of beliefs that guide individuals or groups in
making the moral choices that observed? Answers to these kinds of questions are descriptive
or explanatory in nature. As such, they use social science frameworks that often include
theory building and hypothesis testing in terms of discerning answers. Engaging these kinds
of questions in a business context then, can viewed as a form of descriptive business ethics.

Normative Ethics  that branch of moral philosophy, or ethics, concerned with criteria of

what is morally right and wrong. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have
direct implications for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like.

Normative ethics, or prescriptive ethics, is the study of what ought to be. It involves
defining moral standards of behavior and the morality of actions, practices, laws and
institutions. Normative ethics usually differentiated from descriptive ethics, which focus on
identifying various moral standards and behaviors as they thought to exist by particular
people or cultures or in specific situations. Normative Ethics is center on developing
theories, such utilitarianism or Kantian ethics that offer broad moral guidelines guiding our
actions. Instead of being a football player, the normative ethicist is more like a referee who
sets the rules for how the game played.
Importance of Normative Ethics

Normative ethics are crucial because they give us a foundation for how to act in different
circumstances. They aid us in deciding what is right and wrong and can direct us when
deciding what to do in challenging circumstances. Normative ethical theories come in a
wide variety, each with advantages and disadvantages. Utilitarianism, deontology, and
virtue ethics are a few such examples. While deontology maintains that an action is morally
right provided it does not breach any moral duty or obligation, utilitarianism contends that
the morally right action is the one that results in the most happiness or overall positive
effects. The goal of virtue ethics is to develop virtues like courage, honesty, and justice so
that they might lead to greater moral behavior.

Meta ethics is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and
scope of moral values, properties, and words. Whereas the fields of applied
ethics and normative theory focus on what is moral, Meta ethics focuses on what morality
itself is. Just as two people may disagree about the ethics of, for example, physician-assisted
suicide, while nonetheless agreeing at the more abstract level of a general normative theory
such as Utilitarianism, so too people who disagree at the level of a general normative theory
nonetheless agree about the fundamental existence and status of morality itself, or vice versa.
In this way, Meta ethics may thought of as a highly abstract way of thinking philosophically
about morality. For this reason, Meta ethics occasionally referred to as “second-order” moral
theorizing, to distinguish it from the “first-order” level of normative theory.

As a result, the Meta ethicist's job is more like to that of a football pundit than a referee or
player. Rather of making practical arguments or kicking the ball, the met ethicist evaluates
and observes on how the ethical game is being play. As a football analyst might comment on
the appropriateness of certain tactics or set piece routines, a met ethicist, for instance, might
discuss the meaning and appropriateness of ethical language.

Importance of Meta Ethics

Meta ethics investigates how moral principles may give us justifications for acting in a
certain way or refraining from acting in a certain way. It also addresses many of the common
problems associated with the nature of freedom and its significance (or lack thereof) for
moral responsibility.
Applied Ethics is the study of how we should conduct ourselves in particular spheres of our
existence; how we should handle matters like meat eating, euthanasia, or stealing. Applied
philosophy and applied ethics are sometimes used interchangeably, although applied
philosophy can also refer to areas like law, education, the arts, or artificial intelligence. The
distinction is that while these fields involve philosophical issues that are not strictly ethical,
such as metaphysical and epistemological issues, applied ethics is more focused on ethical
issues. However, many of the difficulties it addresses do in fact touch on other philosophical
topics. For instance, medical ethics may bring up metaphysical issues with the concept of
truth and trust as well as philosophical issues with the nature of "personhood" or the
definition of death.

Applied ethicists kick the conceptual football around as football players do on the pitch, to
use an analogy from the game of football. By putting up precise justifications that persuade
us to alter our moral convictions in a particular area of our lives, an effective applied ethicist
may achieve success.

Importance of Applied Ethics

 The importance of applied ethics can demonstrated in the proposition that laws and policies
should founded on a set of moral principles rather than on unrelated ones. If we do not even
understand the concept of morality, how can we hope to advance society? We can also get at
logical conclusions with applied ethics that are applicable to how we live our lives. It would
be difficult to tell what is right or wrong if applied ethics did not exist because there is not a
system of established moral standards or values. Furthermore, practical ethics enables us to
discuss particular moral concerns that relate to actual people in actual circumstances. It
enables us to recognize more factors and make precise judgments about what to do in
different situations.
Conclusion

We can make decisions that are more responsible by applying ethical theories and ideals. We
must keep in mind, nevertheless, that every theory has shortcomings. To put it another way,
there is no ideal ethical philosophy. The best ethically sound solution for any situation can
found by combining the ethical theories, though. When attempting to find an ethically sound
solution to a conundrum, we can make the best choice when we are aware of the theories'
advantages and disadvantages.

One of humanity's most crucial needs is undoubtedly morality. Furthermore, if ethics had not
existed, the world would have been a chaotic and horrible place. Additionally, ethics are
necessary for human growth. The younger members of society need to be well-aware of
ethics.
References

Fisher, A. (2011). Metaethics: An introduction. Oxford: Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.1017/upo9781844652594