Aviation Assignment

Mihir Nitin Chavda

Learner Name
Course Title Aviation
Assessor Name
I.V. Name
Unit No. & Title 4 :- AVIATION INDUSTRY
9 :- OPERATIONAL TRAINING

Outcome Numbers & Unit 4

Statements LO 1:- Identification of aircraft terms and parts of a cockpit, interiors and
exteriors of an aircraft, parts of a cargo aircraft.
LO 2:- Evaluation of roles and justifying features and aircraft equipment.
LO 3:- Explaining and analyzing safety and security emergency situations.
LO 4:- Justification of aviation security and safety and emergency
equipment.
UNIT -9

LO1:-Explain First Aid in accordance with set standards.

LO2 :-Know how to undertake a range of aircraft in-flight service

LO3:-Know the cockpit and cargo operations, carriage of dangerous goods

for an Airbus and Boeing.

LO4 :-Be able to demonstrate in-flight skills with International and domestic
carrier
.

Issue Date Submission Date 31/05/2022

Learner’s Declaration

I confirm, the contents of the final assignment submitted, is based on personal research and analysis.
Learner Name Mihir Nitin Chavda Date 31/05/2022

C4.A4/9
 Instruction Your assignment will not be accepted if it does not contain the list of source
details of the text material referred to and the details of the people contacted
in accomplishing this project and the tasks attached.

Purpose & Aims ● To evaluate the impact of the key factors on the development and scale of
the aviation industry(P1a,unit4)
● To know the major parts of an aircraft and its communication system.
(P1b,unit 4)
● To be able to evaluate a range of personal attributes required by cabin crew
to carry out their role and responsibilities effectively. (P2a,unit4)
● To be able to define a range of in-flight services.(P2b,unit4)
● To be able to explain the correct procedures for in-flight meal service
(P2c,unit4).
● To be able to use appropriate terminology used in aviation, dangerous
goods and aviation security.(P3a,unit4)
● To identify and explain the procedures for safety, security and handling
a range of different passengers with special needs.(P3b,unit4)
● To become familiar with the correct operation of emergency equipment
on board.(P4a,unit4)
● To be able to explain the procedures to be followed for dealing with on
board emergency situations.(P4b,unit4)
● To explain First Aid procedures in accordance with set
standards(P1a,unit9)
● To explain procedures for handling medical emergencies.(P1b,unit 9)
● To identify safety features of Airbus and Boeing (P2a,unit9)
● To operate safety and evacuation equipment.(P2b,unit9)
● To become familiar with boarding, seating and disembarkation
procedures.(P2c,unit9)
● To carry out a range of in-flight services on Airbus and Boeing.
(P2d,unit9)
● To identify cockpit operations for an Airbus and Boeing. (P3a,unit9)
● To identify cargo operations, marking and labeling of dangerous goods
for an Airbus and Boeing. (P3b,unit9)
● To describe the safety and security related issues for Airbus and
Boeing that relate to cabin crew.(P3c,unit9)
● To become familiar with in-flight services on board a domestic and
International carrier (P4a,unit9).

Cabin crew recruits are briefed on the basics of flying and available features
Background within the different facets of aviation. Recruits need to be abreast of the
happenings during a flight, in order to understand the handling of any given
situation and improve lateral thinking, in other words, enabling the learner to
use logic and come up with solutions during an emergency, within set
parameters of the aviation industry.
Cabin crew also gets acquainted with the features of a cockpit and the essential
parts of a cargo aircraft, from a cabin crew’s perspective.

Guidelines: Students to attempt the below questions for getting PASS/ MERIT/ DISTINCTION
1. Write your responses in the space provided below the questions
2. Review your answers before submitting the Assignment
 TIMELINE: You can take upto One week to submit the Assignments

Ques. 1.
Briefly describe/write the current scenario with updates of current affairs in Aviation Industry
(at least 5 points). Justify with articles from Websites, newspaper & magazines. (PASS)
Ans
The Indian Aviation Industry is currently one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world. The
aviation industry in India has a compound annual growth rate of 18%. There are 454 airports and
airstrips in India, of which 16 are designated as international airports. As of May 2006, private airlines
accounted for more than 75% of the sector of the domestic aviation market.

Ques. 2. Describe the functionality of the parts mentioned below: (PASS)

● Cockpit
Ans – This Consist of Cockpit Window Aircraft Nose And Belly Of Cockpit

● Cargo
Ans – Usually Provided on the underside of the aircraft for storage of passenger baggage &
freight

● Exterior parts – write functionality of major parts

Ans - Cockpit, Fuselage, wing Assembly, Empennage, Gears of the Aircraft

● Interior parts – write functionality of major parts

Ans – aft, Cabin, Section, Cargo, Wheel Well, Aisle

● Slide Raft
Ans - An evacuation device which inflates automatically upon opening of the door of an aircraft
unless predetermined actions are accomplished before the door is opened.

● Cabin Inter Communication System

Ans -  The system consists of a central computer, the director, the director interface board, one
or more flight attendant panels and a data network for audio transmission in the cabin.  
 ● Passenger Service Unit
Ans - Among other things, a PSU contains reading lights, loudspeakers, illuminated signs,
buttons to call for assistance, air condition vents, and automatically deployed oxygen masks.

● Jump Seat
Ans – Jump Seats are installed next/near to a floore level Exit, and this are located near all main
Doors

Ques 3. What are the duties and responsibilities of a Cabin crew?

Ans
1. Understanding the duties of your assigned position during flight and acting your best.
2. Ensuring the satisfaction of passengers by answering questions and offering them
assistance.
3.Checking cabin before take-off to ensure compliance to safety regulations.

Ques 4. Describe/ write the correct procedure of Embarkation / Disembarkation of the special
handling pax along with related documents. (PASS)

● UNM
Ans – A passenger who is below the age of eighteen & travelling alone is usually classified by
most Airlines as an Unaccompanied minor or UNM.

● VVIP‘s
Ans - These Passenger are Boarded last & deplaned first at the destination. Very often extra
securities accompanies the flights in which these passenger are travelling.

● Expectant mother
Ans - A new and expectant mother is a woman who is pregnant or has given birth within
the previous six months (having either delivered a live child or a still-born baby after 24
weeks of pregnancy). New and expectant mothers at work.

● Mother with infant

Ans - They are usually seated on the carry coat Seats.

● Deportee
Ans – A person with invalid Immigration documents or one who is being sent back to his country
of origin because of some legal/security matter is a deportee
 ● WCHR pax
Ans – passenger who can ascend and descend steps and move in the aircraft cabin but who
required a wheelchair for distance to/from the Aircraft

● Blind passenger
Ans – A trained dog may be carried in the cabin crew in-case a passenger who is dependent
upon it.

Ques 4. Describe in writing, in which type of emergency the following Emergency equipment
are used?
Analyze the above Emergency Equipment under the following headings:

Name of the Parts of the Emergency Pre-flight checks of the Usage of the Emergency
emergency Equipment Emergency Equipment Equipment
equipment
Smoke Hood Smoke Hood Check if it is in the Used in case of heavy
location smoke in the cabin
Oxygen Bottle Mask with oxygen Check whether the During the medical
bottle with pressure bottle is filled in. emergency.
guage to check the
amount of oxygen to be
released off.
Fire axe Hook end, Check if it is in the Used in the case of fire
blade,Handle location
Asbestos Asbestos Gloves Chech if it is in the Used in the case of fire in
location usually inside the cockpit
Gloves
the cockpit

Fire Red Bottle, Safety Pin, Incorrect location Remove from location
Trigger, Nozzle secured with straps. point the nozzle at the
Extinguisher
bare of the fire
Oxygen Mask Mask with chord, Check whether the During the medical
oxygen bottle with bottle is filled in. emergency.
pressure guage to
check the amount of
oxygen to be related
off.
Mega Phone Push to top Button, Secured with push to Control the crowd & make
handle top button to ensure the sure directions to the pax
battery full. during emergency
ELT .Antenna, Plastic In correct location Untie the Lanyard & tie it
Cover, battery secured with straps to the Raft

Or attempt the below Question

3. Is transportation of dangerous goods is safe. Yes or No? What precautions to be taken by an

airline for transportation of Dangerous goods. (PASS)
● Yes, Dangerous Goods are articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health,
safety, property or the environment and which are listed as such in the Technical Instructions or
which are classified according to the Technical Instructions
● Carriage of Dangerous Goods by air poses an inherent safety hazard; because of the
characteristics of air transport (vibration, pressure and temperature changes) can have such an
effect of articles, substances and packaging to pose a risk to the aircraft, passenger and crew
that may not be apparent on the ground. There are some items that pose such a risk at any
time, whether they are being transported or not
● Dangerous Goods are commodities that possess potentially dangerous characteristics. These
characteristics will not take their transport by air dangerous, provided that suitable precautions
are taken. Dangerous Goods consist not only of obvious substances such as acids, explosives,
and poisons but also include less apparent articles like magnets, refrigerants and some everyday
household items such as bleaches, aerosols, and perfumes
● To ensure safe transport of Dangerous Goods by air, ICAO has laid down the standards and
recommended practices in Annex 18. ICAO has also issued Technical Instructions for Safe
Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, the document (Doc 9284- AN/905) which gives
classification, list of Dangerous Goods, packing, labeling, marking, documentation and training of
concerned personnel and other associated aspects. In India, the Aircraft (Carriage of Dangerous
Goods) Rules, 2003, have been framed by Director General of Civil Aviation to give effect to
these provisions made by ICAO
● There are internationally agreed rules to ensure the safe transportation of dangerous good by
air. These are published by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) as the Technical
Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Good by Air
● The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulation Manual (abbreviated DGR in this Manual) is based on
Annex 18 to the Chicago Convention of International Civil Aviation Organization. They include all
the requirements of Annex 18 and the latest ICAO
● Technical Instructions. The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulation Manual is recognised by ICAO as
the field document for the transport of dangerous good by air
4. Describe a Cabin Crew routine for an International Flight from sign in time until sign out.
(MERIT )

OR answer the below Question:

Why are all Airports strictly controlled by security department? What arrangements for the
security of the Airports and screening of passengers are there at the Airport?
List the explosive detection machine equipment used at the airport for the safety and security
of passengers and airports (List both manual and automatic machines) and also list Prohibited
items/Restricted Articles to be carried in the Cabin of an Aircraft and Taken into the security
Restricted area of an Airport.
(MERIT)
Ans

03:30 Good Morning

Your alarm is going off and its time to get up for your rostered flight to Tenerife, which is due to
depart at 07:00 hours. You apply your make up, put on your uniform and make sure your
appearance is immaculate (Even at 04:00 in the morning!). Cabin Crew need to check in at least
1hour and 30 minutes prior to the aircraft departing, so you will need to report for work (in the
briefing room) at 05:30. You arrive at Gatwick, park in the car park and catch the shuttle bus to
the briefing room.

05:15 - 15 minutes to go before your pre-flight brief

Arriving 15 minutes earlier has given you time to check your cabin manual to refresh yourself
with the emergency procedures and location of emergency equipment for the aircraft you are
operating on for this flight.

05:30 - The pre-flight brief

You go into the pre-flight briefing which today is being held on the aircraft and the senior crew
talks through the flight details. This will normally include the order in which the services will
operate for the flight, your responsibilities for the day and if there are any passengers with
special needs flying i.e. you may be given the responsibility to explain the emergency facilities to
a blind passenger on the particular aircraft you are operating on. You should also be prepared to
be asked questions regarding safety and emergency procedures for that particular aircraft.
06:00 - Check aircraft

It’s now time for you and your team to check your emergency equipment, that you have enough
meals, drinks and duty free for the passengers, stock all the toilets with the necessary hand
towels and tissues.

06:30 - Board the passengers

Now the passengers are on the way, this is your final chance to check that your uniform is
immaculate and presentable, all that’s left to do is smile and greet the passengers as they board
and help them to find their seats if needed. Remember you are the face of the airline so plenty of
welcoming smiles are essential.

06:50 - Preparation to take off

All the passengers are now seated and the aircraft pushes back and prepares to taxi to the
runway. It is now time to perform the safety demonstration so passengers can familiarise
themselves with all the aircraft’s emergency facilities. This will include pointing out the available
emergency exits and lighting, the use of oxygen masks, seat belts and life jacket. You will
complete your demonstration by checking through the cabin ensuring seatbelts are fastened and
loose articles are secure for take off. You will now take your seat for take off.

07:10 - Services during the flight

Once the aircraft is airborne you will be released from your seat. You will perform your duties as
discussed in the pre-flight brief and now its time to start work. The order of services varies from
one airline to another, however this example is based on a typical charter flight as mentioned
earlier. Services offered on most charter airlines are charged for. This includes the sale of
headsets for the in-flight entertainment, drinks and duty free goods. The meal is pre-ordered and
paid for when the passenger booked.

Typical services that can be offered are:

● Headsets for the in-house entertainment

● Drinks service
● Meal service
● Tea & Coffee
 ● Cold Towels offered to passengers to freshen up, after their meal
● Clearing and collecting the meal trays from passengers
● Selling Duty free items
● Immigration cards
● Preparing the cabin for landing

During this time you will also be checking the toilets to make sure that they are clean and stocked
up.  Deal with any questions or queries any of the passengers may have and most importantly
maintain the safety and comfort of all of the passengers.

11:00 - Landing in Tenerife

You now take your seats for landing.

Once landed you say goodbye to the passengers and then prepare the aircraft for its return
journey back home to Gatwick. (This is referred to the turnaround). Duties to include are
restocking the bars for the drinks service, restock and check the catering, restock all the toilets,
take out any rubbish from the seat pockets and ensuring all passengers have reading literature
i.e. airline magazine, safety card, in-flight sales brochure and a sick bag. Before your new
passengers board you will have to complete a security check to ensure no one has left any
suspecting packages on board as this is obviously taken very seriously.

Last but not least check your appearance before the new passengers arrive. The passengers arrive
so once again you have to greet them and assist where needed. When they are all seated its time
to begin the same emergency briefing and cabin service all over again!

16:00 - Landing at Gatwick

Once you have landed back at your base airport and the passengers have disembarked, its time to
go back to the brief room to count the money and to make sure that the amount of duty free
goods sold throughout the flight balances with the amount of cash you have taken. Once this has
been done its time to check your file for any changes to your future flying programme and then
you are free to go home.

5. (a) Describe & compare Boeing 747 & Airbus A380 (DISTINCTION)

Ans
Passengers
Type 747-8 A380-800

Cockpit crew Two Two

Typical capacity 410 in 3-class 555

Exit limit 605 853

Carriers set up their aircraft to how they wish. Lufthansa, the operator that introduced the 747-8 for
passenger services, flies its units in four classes. It can fit up to 362 passengers throughout its first,
business, premium economy, and economy classes. Lufthansa launched the plane with its new business
seats, which were arranged in the form of a “V” whereby two neighboring seats are angled towards one
another along a central axis.

Room for goods

Type 747-8 A380-800

Cargo Volume 6,225 cu ft (176 m3) 6,190 cu ft (175.2 m3)

Length 250 ft 2 in / 76.3 m 238 ft 7 in / 72.72 m

Height 63 ft 6 in / 19.4 m 79 ft 0 in / 24.09 m

Cabin width 20 ft (6.1 m) 21 ft 4 in (6.5 m)

Maximum takeoff weight 987,000 lb / 447,700 kg 1,268,000 lb / 575,155 kg

Operating empty weight 485,300 lb / 220,128 kg 611,000 lb / 277,144 kg

Max. payload 167,700 lb / 76,067 kg 185,000 lb / 83,914 kg

Cargo is a very lucrative source of revenue for carriers, and our airline is no exception. Looking at cargo
capacity, the Boeing 747 has more capacity despite having less powerful engines and less thrust.

Airbus has leaned hard into serving passengers and let Boeing slip ahead for this category. Additionally,
we do have to admit that a cargo version of the Boeing 747 exists, and it is quite popular. The 747-8F is
helping several major players ship goods across the globe. Atlas Air, UPS, Cargolux, Cathay Pacific,
AirBridgeCargo, and Nippon Cargo, are all using the freighter on their operations.

Range and fuel capacity

Type 747-8 A380-800

Fuel capacity 63,034 US gal / 238,610 85,472 US gal /

litres 323,546 litres

Cruise Mach 0.86 / 914 km/h Mach 0.85 / 903 km/h

Maximum operating limit Mach 0.9 / 956 km/h Mach 0.89 / 945 km/h
speed

Range 7,730 nmi / 14315 km)   8,200 nmi / 15186 km

Ceiling 43,100 ft / 13,100 m 43,000 ft / 13,100 m

Engines (4×) GEnx-2B Rolls Royce Trent 900

The range of the A380 beats the 747-8. Even though the difference is not overwhelming, it
is enough to give confidence for ultra-long-haul operators. Even when it comes to fuel
capacity, this model leads the way. Immediately, it is evident that the Airbus A380 can burn
through just over 20,000 more US gallons of fuel than the Boeing 747.

But what about fuel efficiency?

Just because Airbus’ jumbo has more fuel doesn’t mean that it’s any cheaper to run. Boeing claims that
the 747-8 is more cost-effective per seat per mile than any other aircraft. However, Airbus claims that
the A380 is the most efficient jet in the world.

It does not make much sense to compare the two jets in fuel burn and seat-mile cost. The planes are
considerably different in size. In this case, the standard metrics to measure efficiency do not come into
play. Nonetheless, fuel efficiency is one of the key reasons why operators are choosing to veer away
from both types.

The cost of the jets

Here is the list price for each aircraft:

Airbus A380 – $445.6 million

Boeing 747-8 – $402.9 million

The Boeing 747 is actually cheaper to buy and less expensive to operate. It might be smaller in terms of
passenger capacity, but in a world where airlines want smaller aircraft that fly point to point, is that $45
million extra really worth it? This amount is almost $300,000 per extra passenger, which will need to be
made up over the lifetime of the jet.

Granted, if the A380 had been popular enough to reach higher production capacity, the price might have
fallen. However, we don’t live in that world. Lastly, it’s likely that Airbus would have price matched the
747 for any customer (as they are known to do).

Which aircraft is more popular with carriers?

Let’s look at how the market reacted to both of these aircraft and see if a pattern emerges. We will look
at the lifetime of both aircraft.

Boeing 747 orders: 1,571 (As of June 2020) – averaging approximately 30 per year since its first flight in
1968.

Airbus A380 orders: 251 – averaging 13 per year since its first flight in 2007.

…Oh right, and the A380 was canceled. So. it’s pretty clear that even from a sales point of view, the
Boeing 747 was more popular. Yet, that may have been from it being a proven aircraft with nearly 40
years of experience on the A380.
OR answer the below Question:

(b) Do a case study of any actual mishap of an air crash. Your concluding statements should give
your own opinion as a result of the research conducted by you.
(DISTINCTION)