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Piaget’s

Stages of COGNITIVE
Development
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
• describe Piaget’s stages in your own words,
• conduct a simple Piagetian task interview with children, and
• match learning activities to the learner’s cognitive stage.
JEAN PIAGET
• Swiss Psychologist
• 1896 – 1980
• Genetic Epistemology
• To Piaget, cognitive 
development was a progressive 
reorganization of mental 
processes as a result of 
biological maturation and 
environmental experience.
There are Three Basic Components 
of Piaget's Cognitive Theory Schemas

Adaptation processes that enable 
the transition from one stage to 
another

Stages of Cognitive Development
The cognitive 
structures by 
which 
individuals 
intellectually 
adapt to and 
organize their 
environment.
SCHEMA
Cognitive
Processes
(Adaptation)

Assimilation Accommodation Equilibration


ADAPTATION
Processes
ASSIMILATION
The process of 
fitting a new 
experience into an 
existing or 
previously created 
cognitive structure.
ACCOMMODATION

The process 
of creating a 
new schema.
COGNITIVE
DISEQUILIBRIUM

Discrepancy between 
what is perceived 
and what is 
understood.
EQUILIBRATION

Achieving the 
proper balance 
between 
assimilation and 
accommodation.
ADAPTATION
Processes
Piaget’s Stages of
COGNITIVE
Development
FORMAL‐
OPERATIONAL 
CONCRETE‐ STAGE
OPERATIONAL 
PRE‐ STAGE
OPERATIONAL 
SENSORI‐ STAGE
MOTOR 
STAGE
‐ Birth to 2 years
‐ Focuses on the 
prominence of the 
senses and muscle 
movement through 
which the infant comes 
to learn about himself 
and the world.
SENSORIMOTOR
STAGE
The ability of 
the child to 
know that an 
object still 
exists even 
Object when out of 
Permanence sight.
2 – 7 years old
The child makes 
mental representations 
and is able to pretend.

PRE-OPERATIONAL
STAGE
The ability to 
represent 
objects and 
events.

Symbolic
Function
The tendency 
of children to 
attribute 
human like 
traits or 
characteristics 
Animism to inanimate 
objects.
The tendency 
of the child to 
only see his 
point of view 
and to assume 
that everyone 
also has his 
Egocentrism
same point of 
view.
The tendency 
Centration of the child to 
only focus on 
one aspect of a 
thing or event 
and exclude 
other aspects.
The inability to 
reverse their 
thinking.

Irreversibility
The tendency of a 
child in the 
preoperational 
stage of cognitive 
development to 
see a connection 
between unrelated 
Transductive instances, using 
Reasoning neither deductive 
nor inductive 
means to do so.
8‐11 years
Characterized by the 
ability of the child to 
think logically but only 
in terms of concrete 
objects.

CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE
The ability of 
the child to 
perceive the 
different 
features of 
objects and 
Decentering situations.
The child’s 
ability to 
reverse 
thinking.

Reversibility
The ability to 
know that 
certain 
properties of 
objects do not 
change even if 
there is a 
Conservation change in 
appearance.
The ability to 
order or 
arrange things 
in a series 
based on one 
dimension.
Seriation
12 – 15 years (and up)
Thinking becomes 
more logical.
They can now solve 
abstract problems and 
can hypothesize.

FORMAL
OPERATIONAL STAGE
The ability to come 
up with different 
hypothesis about a 
problem and to 
gather and weigh 
data in order to 
make final decision 
Hypothetical  or judgment.
Reasoning
The ability to 
perceive the 
relationship in one 
instance and the use 
that relationship to 
narrow down 
possible answers in 
another similar 
Analogical  situation or 
Reasoning problem.
The ability to 
think logically 
by applying 
general rule to 
a particular 
instance or 
situation.
Deductive Reasoning
Principles:
• Children will provide different explanations of reality at different 
stages of cognitive development.
• Cognitive development is facilitated by providing activities or 
situations that engage learners and require adaptation.
• Learning materials and activities should involve the appropriate 
level of motor or mental operations for a child of given age; avoid 
asking students to perform tasks that are beyond their current 
cognitive capabilities.
• Use teaching methods that actively involve students and present 
challenges.

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