Hydraulic Power Systems

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MNF 522 Hydraulic Power Systems
Hydraulic Power Systems

Professor M Galal Rabie
Course Learning Objectives:

By the end of this course the students should demonstrate the knowledge and
understanding of the construction and operation of hydraulic power systems and their
basic elements. They should be able to operate, maintain, design, calculate and
analyze the performance of hydraulic power systems and their basic components.
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References:
1. Galal Rabie, M. (2009) Fluid Power Engineering, NY:
McGraw-Hill Professional.
2. Lectures Resume and Mini-project allocation
3. Freely distributed Files for Lab. Exercises:
a- Lab1-Centrifugal Pump.docx
b- Lab2-Hydraulic Training Unit.docx
c- Lab3-Displacement Pump Characteristics.docx
d- Lab4-Hydraulic Circuits.docx
e- Practical Examination Questions.pdf
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Course Content:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Hydraulic Power Systems p 1
Chapter 2: Hydraulic Oils and Theoretical Background p 15
Chapter 3: Hydraulic Transmission Lines p 59
Chapter 4: Hydraulic Pumps p 89
Chapter 5: Hydraulic Control Valves p 139
Chapter 6: Accessories p 207
Chapter 7: Hydraulic Actuators p 251
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Hydraulic Power Systems Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Hydraulic Power Systems
pp 1-13
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydraulic Power Systems pp 1-13

1.1 Introduction p 1
Car Crusher Movie Hitachi hydraulic shovel EX8000 Movie Catalogue
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1.2 The Classification of Power Systems p 2

1.2.1 Mechanical Power Systems p2
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1.2.2 Electrical Power Systems p3
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1.2.3 Pneumatic Power Systems p 4
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1.2.4 Hydrodynamic Power Systems p 5
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1.2.5 Hydrostatic Power Systems p 6
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Hydraulic Power
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1.3 Basic Hydraulic Power Systems p 8
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1.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulic Systems p 9
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1.5 Comparing Power Systems p 10
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1.6 Exercises p 11, all
Problem 0108
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End of Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
Hydraulic Oils & Theoretical Background
pp 15-50
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Basic Properties of Hydraulic Oils
Viscosity
Definition and formulae
Effects of viscosity on hydraulic system operation.
Hydraulic losses in transmission lines
Internal leakage in hydraulic elements
Viscous friction and damping effect
Oil Density
Orifice flow
Oil Compressibility
Thermal Expansion
Vapor Pressure
Cavitation phenomenon in displacement pumps
Thermal Properties
Requirements Imposed on the Hydraulic Liquid
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2.2 Basic Properties of Hydraulic Oils pp 16-46
2.2.1 Viscosity pp 16-25
Definition and formulae
du

dy


du / dy
Coefficient of dynamic viscosity, Ns/m2. μ is often expressed in Poise, where 1 Poise
= 0.1 Ns/m2



The kinematic viscosity  is often expressed in Stokes, St, where 1 St = 10-4 m2/s or
in cent stokes, cSt, where 1 cSt =10-6 m2/s=1 mm2/s. 3
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Viscosity Grade and Viscosity Index
Effect of the pressure on the oil viscosity
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(a) Hydraulic losses in transmission lines
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(b) Internal leakage in hydraulic elements
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(c) Viscous friction and damping effect
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2.2.2 Oil Density pp 25-30
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2.2.3 Oil Compressibility pp 30-37
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2.2.4 Thermal Expansion pp 37-38
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2.2.5 Vapor Pressure p 38 & pp 97-98
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Cavitation in displacement pumps pp 97-98
Movie 1 Movie 2
Movie 3 Movie 4
This undesirable phenomenon can be avoided by the following actions, whenever possible:
 Reducing the pressure losses in the pump inlet line, by increasing the suction line
diameter and decreasing its length.
 Avoid using the inlet line filter and the other local-loss elements.
 Increase the pump suction pressure by one of the following ways:
 Using a booster pump
 Using closed pressurized tank
 Mounting the pump below the tank by a convenient distance.
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2.2.12 Thermal Properties p 45
Pour point of a fluid is the temperature 3 oC above the temperature at which the fluid ceases
to flow. As a general rule, the minimum temperature at which a fluid operates should be at
least 10 oC above the pour point.
Flashpoint is the temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor of sufficient quantity to ignite
momentarily or flash when a flame is applied. A high flashpoint is desirable for hydraulic
liquids because it provides good resistance to combustion and low degree of evaporation at
normal temperatures. The required flashpoint varies from 150°C for the lightest oils to 265°C
for the heaviest oils.
Fire point is the temperature at which a substance gives off vapor of sufficient quantity to
ignite and continue to burn when exposed to a spark or a flame. Like flashpoint, a high fire
point is a basic requirement.
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2.5 Requirements Imposed on the Hydraulic Liquid pp 49-50
The following are the main requirements imposed on hydraulic liquids:
1. Satisfactory flow properties throughout the entire range of operating temperatures.
2. High viscosity index which ensures moderate viscosity variation in relation to the
temperature.
3. Good lubricating properties are a prerequisite to reduce the wear.
4. Low vapor pressure to avoid cavitation.
5. Compatibility with system materials as the fluid should not react chemically with any of the
used materials or deteriorate their physical properties.
6. Chemical stability is necessary to increase the service life of liquid.
7. Corrosion protection by adding effective corrosion inhibitors.
8. Rapid de-aeration and air separation
9. Good thermal conductivity is required to rapidly dissipate the heat generated due to
friction between elements and due to hydraulic losses.
10.Fire resistance is essential in some applications.
11.Electrically insulating properties can be significant in a number of modern designs.
12.Environmental acceptability. 16
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2.6 Exercises pp 50-53
1, 7, 8, 9, 12a, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18
End of Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Hydraulic Transmission Lines
pp 59-68
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3 Hydraulic Transmission Lines pp 59-68

3.2 Hydraulic Tubing pp 59-64
3.3 Hoses pp 64-68
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End of Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
Hydraulic Pumps
pp 89-138
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4 Hydraulic Pumps pp 89-138
4.1 Introduction pp 89-90
4.2 Ideal Pump Analysis pp 91-93
4.3 Real Pump Analysis pp 94-96
4.5 Pulsation of Flow of Displacement Pumps pp 98-100
4.6 Classification of Pumps pp 100-101
4.6.1 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pumps pp 100-103
4.6.2 Swash Plate Pumps with Axial Pistons pp 103-105
4.6.5 Radial Piston Pumps with Eccentric shaft pp108-109
4.6.8 External Gear Pumps pp 109-111
4.6.9 Internal Gear Pumps pp 114-115
4.6.12 Vane Pumps pp 117-122
4.7 Variable Displacement Pumps pp 122-127
4.10 Pump Specification p 134
4.11 Exercises pp 134-137 2
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Displacement pumps, construction and operation
Displacement pumps consist of one or several pumping chambers. The displacement

pump operation is summarized in the following steps:
1) During the expansion of the pumping chamber, it is connected to the suction line
2) When the volume of the chamber reaches its maximum value, the chamber is
separated from the suction line.
3) During the contraction period of the chamber, it is communicated with the pump
delivery line.
4)The delivery stroke ends when the volume of the chamber reaches its minimum
value. Then the chamber is separated from the delivery line.
This process is repeated continuously as the pump-driving shaft rotates
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4.2 Ideal Pump Analysis pp 91-93
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Causality Relations
Automation studio
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4.3 Real Pump Analysis pp 94-96
The actual pump flow rate Q, is less than

the theoretical flow Qt, mainly due to:
Internal leakage.
Pump cavitation and aeration.
Fluid compressibility.
Partial filling of pump due to fluid inertia.
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4.5 Pulsation of Flow of Displacement Pumps pp 98-100
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The magnitude of flow pulsation is evaluated by the pulsation coefficient.
Q  Q min
 Q  max  100 % (4.16)
Qm
The pulsation of flow results in pressure oscillation and non-uniform motion of hydraulic
cylinders and motors.

P Q2 (4.17)
2C 2d A 2t

Pm  2 2
Q m2 (4.18)
2C d A t

Pmax  2 2
2
Q max (4.19)
2C d A t

Pmin  2
Q min (4.20)
2C 2d A 2t
Pmax  Pmin 2
Qmax  Qmin
2
P   100 % =  100 % (4.22)
Pm Qm2 11
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Pulsation of Flow in 5-piston Pump
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Flow and pressure pulsation coefficients for different numbers of pistons
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4.6 Classification of Pumps pp 100-101
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4.6.1 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pumps pp 100-103
Movie 1
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Movie 1
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Variable displacement bent axis pump
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4.6.2 Swash Plate Axial Piston Pump pp 103-105
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Swash Plate Pump Movie
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4.6.5 Radial Piston Pumps with Eccentric shaft pp108-109
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movie
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4.6.8 External Gear Pumps pp 109-111
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Gear Pump Movie1 Animation
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4.6.9 Internal Gear Pumps pp 114-115 Animation movie
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4.6.12 Vane Pumps pp 117-122
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movie
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4.7 Variable Displacement Vane Pumps pp 122-127
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4.7 Variable Displacement Bent axis piston (Constant Power) Pumps pp 122-127
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4.10 Pump Specification p 134

Size (displacement)
Speed (maximum and minimum speeds)
Maximum operating pressure (Continuous/intermittent)
For Open/closed circuit
Direction of rotation (viewed to shaft end; clockwise R, counter-clockwise L)
Controller (For variable displacement pumps)
Seals (Oil)
Drive shafts
Port connections
Mounting type
External dimensions
Installation position
Operating Temperature range
Further details in clear text
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1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
End of Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Hydraulic Control Valves
pp 139-190
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Hydraulic Control Valves pp 139-190

5.2 Pressure Control Valves pp 141-157
5.3 Directional Control Valves pp 157-175
5.4 Check Valves pp 175-179
5.5 Flow Control Valves pp 179-188
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This chapter is dedicated to the study of the following ordinary hydraulic control valves
1. Pressure control valves, PCV.
 Relief valves (direct and pilot operated).
 Pressure reducing valves (direct and pilot operated).
 Sequence valves (direct and pilot operated).
 Accumulator charging valves.
2. Directional control valves; DCV (direct and pilot operated).
3. Flow control valves; FCV.
 Throttle valve
 Series pressure compensated FCV.
 Parallel pressure compensated flow control valves
 Flow dividers
4. Check, non-return, valves
 Direct operated check valves.
 Pilot operated check valves (hydraulic or mechanically piloted).
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Basic elements of hydraulic control valves
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5.2 Pressure-Control Valves pp 141-157
5.2.1 Direct-Operated Relief Valves p 141
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Flow characteristics of relief valve
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Over-ride pressure is the pressure increment above the cracking pressure. Over-ride pressure can be reduced by
increasing the valve dimensions; A and ω, and decreasing the spring stiffness, k. 7
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Pilot operated relief valve, for sub plate mounting
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Pilot operated relief valve, sandwich construction
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5.2.3 Pressure-Reducing Valves p 147
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Direct operated hydraulic pressure reducer; construction and operation
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Static characteristics of a typical

direct operated pressure reducer
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Typical applications of the pressure reducer
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5.2.4 Sequence Valves p 152
Construction of a direct operated sequence valve
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Pressure drop across the sequence valve
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An expression for the valve steady state flow rate is deduced in the following:
FS  k x  x o  , FP  A S PP and FP  FS
A
Then x  PP S  x o
k
The flow rate Q flowing from the input port P to exit port A, Fig.5.17, is:
 0 x  xr

Q  A  2
C d  PP S  x o  x r  (PP  PA ) x  x r
  k  

For certain flow rate Q, the pressure drop across the sequence valve is:
Q 2
Or P  PP  PA  2
2 2  AS 
2C d   PP  xo  xr 
 k 
The higher is the valve input pressure, the smaller is the pressure drop across the
sequence valve. 20
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Static characteristics of a typical direct operated sequence valve
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Typical application of a direct operated sequence valve
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5.2.5 Accumulator Charging Valve p 155
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5.3 Directional Control Valves pp 157-175
5.3.1 Introduction p 157
hydraulic cylinder controlled by a 4/3 DCV
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5.3.2 Poppet-Type DCV’s p 157
3/2 Poppet type directional control valve
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4/2 Poppet type directional control valve
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5.3.3 Spool-Type DCVs p 158
2/2 DCV of spool type
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3/2 DCV of spool type
4/3 DCV (Open center)
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Operation of a 4/3 DCV of spool type (closed center)
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4/3 DCV, with by-pass at neutral position
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Symbols of the commonly used industrial DCV’s
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5.3.4 Control of the Directional Control Valves p 161
5.3.4.1 Basic control devices of Directional control valves
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  Ni
5.3.4.2 Electric solenoids

The electric solenoid actuators are widely used for the control of hydraulic valves.
They are available AC and DC versions. There are air gap and wet pin solenoids .
  Ni
Magnetic field due to permanent and electro magnets
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DC solenoids
Typical solenoid force-stroke relation
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AC solenoids
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5.3.5 Flow Characteristics of Spool Valves p 167
Spool valve classification according to the spool land length
1. Overlapping (positive)
2. Underlapping (negative)
3. Ideal (Zero lapping)
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Assuming that the valve throttle area is linearly proportional to the valve opening and
neglecting the radial clearance leakage, the flow rate through the spool valve is given by
the following relations.
For x  , Av  0 , Q0
For   x  (  a) , A v  ( x   ) , Q  C d ( x  ) 2 P / 
For x    a, A v  a , Q  C d a 2 P / 
The flow characteristics of the three basic types of spool valves are better illustrated
assuming P  PP  PA  PA  PT  Const.
Flow characteristics of the over-lapping spool valve
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Flow characteristics of an ideal, zero-lapping spool valve
The ideal, zero-lapping, valve has a spool land length equal to the width of valve port, Fig.5.38.
The flow rate through the valve port is given by the following equations.
For x a, Av  x , Q  C d  x 2 P / 
For x a, A v  a , Q  C d a 2 P / 
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Flow characteristics of a negative; Under-lapping spool valve
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5.3.6 Pressure and Power Losses in the Spool Valves p 169
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5.3.7 Flow Forces Acting on the Spool 170
Fluid flow across the system boundaries
Momentum; jet reaction, forces
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The momentum force acts all the time in the direction to close the valve restrictions,
regardless to the direction of flow. It acts as a centering spring. 45
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5.3.8 Direct-Operated Directional Control Valves p 172
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5.3.9 Pilot-Operated Directional Control Valves p 173
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5.4 Check Valves pp 175-179
5.4.1 Spring-Loaded Direct-Operated Check Valves p 175
(PA  PB )A P  kx o
Pr  PA  PB  kx o / A p
5.4.2 Direct Operated Check Valve without Spring
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5.4.3 Pilot-Operated Check Valves Without External Drain Ports p 176
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Hydraulic cylinder position locking using pilot operated check valve
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5.4.4 Pilot-Operated Check Valves with External Drain Ports p 178
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5.4.6 Mechanically Piloted Pilot-Operated
Check Valves p 179
5.4.5 Double Pilot-Operated Check Valves p 178
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5.5 Flow Control Valves pp 179-188
The fluid flow rate is controlled by using throttling elements;
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5.5.1 Throttle Valves p 180
Throttle and throttle check valve for line mounting
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5.5.2 Sharp-Edged Throttle Valves p 180
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5.5.3 Series Pressure-Compensated Flow Control Valves p 181
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In the steady stare, the forces acting on the
spool of the pressure compensator are in
equilibrium.
(P1-P)Ac + Fj =k (xo+x)
Actually, the jet reaction force Fj is negligible

compared with the spring force. Moreover, the
spool displacement x is too small compared with
the spring pre-compression distance, x<<xo.
Then; ΔP=kxo/Ac= constant.
Two-way flow control valve

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Flow characteristics of series pressure compensated flow control valve
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Typical application of a series pressure compensated flow control valve
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5.5.4 Parallel Pressure-Compensated Flow Control Valves p 184
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5.5.5 Flow Dividers p 185
Displacement type flow dividers
Neglecting the internal leakage, the flow rates through the three motors are:
Q1  Vg1n , Q 2  Vg2n and Q 3  Vg3n
Then: Q1 : Q 2 : Q 3  Vg1 : Vg2 : Vg3
and Q1  Q 2  Q 3  Q
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Application of displacement flow divider as a pressure intensifier
Q1P1  Q 2P2  QP
Q 1  V1 * n , Q 2  V2 * n and Q1  Q 2  Q
Then P1  P( V1  V2 ) / V1
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Spool type flow dividers
Synchronization of hydraulic cylinders
by spool-type flow divider
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1, 2 ,3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34.
End of Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
Accessories
pp 207-216 & pp 237-242
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Accessories pp 207-216 & pp 237-242

6.2 Hydraulic Accumulators p 208-216
6.3 Hydraulic Filters p 237-238
6.4 Hydraulic Pressure Switches p 238-240
6.5 Exercise p 241-242
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Basic elements of hydraulic power systems:
 Elements converting mechanical power into hydraulic power; pumps,
 Elements transmitting the hydraulic power; pipelines,
 Elements controlling the hydraulic power, valves,
 Elements converting the controlled hydraulic power into the required
Accessories, do not take part in the power transmission, transformation nor control. But they
are of important for the system operation such as:
 Hydraulic tanks
 Coolers and heaters
 Hydraulic filters
 Monitoring elements, such as pressure gauges, thermometers and flow meters.
 Energy storage elements, such as the accumulators.
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6.2 Hydraulic Accumulators p 208
6.2.1 Classification and Operation p 208
Basic types of hydraulic accumulators
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6.2.2 Volumetric Capacity of the Accumulator p 210
The accumulator operates usually between two pressure levels: minimum pressure P1 and
maximum pressure P2, Fig.6.1.
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The volumetric capacity of accumulator; Va is defined as the volume of oil delivered to/from
the accumulator at pressure P in the operating range; P1 ≤ P ≤ P2.
n n n
Po Vo  P1V1  P2 V2  const.
 1 1

 Po  n  Po  n 
Va  V1  V2  Vo       For polytropic process
 P1   P2  
 
 P   P  
Va  V1  V2  Vo  o    o   For isothermal process
 P1   P2  
Po  (0.7 to 0.9) P1
If, for any reason, the charging pressure becomes greater than or equal to the minimum
system pressure, the expression for the volumetric capacity becomes:
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6.2.3 Construction and Operation of the
Gas Charged Accumulators p 211
Piston type accumulator p 211
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Bladder type accumulators p 211
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Diaphragm type accumulator p 214
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6.2.4 Applications of the Hydraulic Accumulators p 216
The hydraulic accumulators are installed in the hydraulic systems to fulfill several functions. The
following are the main applications of hydraulic accumulators.
1. Energy storage
a) Reserve source of energy
b) Compensation of the short duration large flow demands; to reduce the required pump
size and the driving power.
c) Pump unloading.
d) Reducing the response time of actuators placed at long distance from the pump.
2. Maintaining constant pressure; compensation for leakage losses

3. Thermal compensation
4. Smoothing of the pressure and flow pulsation
5. Load suspension on load transporting vehicles
6. Absorption of hydraulic shocks
7. Hydraulic spring in the car suspension
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6.3. Hydraulic Filters p 237
Return line filter for in tank mounting
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6.4 Hydraulic Pressure Switches p 238
6.4.1 Piston Type Pressure Switch p 238
14
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6.4.2 Bourdon tube Pressure Switch p 239
15
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6.5 Exercise p 241
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
End of Chapter 6
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Chapter 7
Hydraulic Actuators
pp 251-280
MNF 522 2
Hydraulic Actuators pp 251-280

7.1 Introduction p 251-
7.2 Hydraulic Cylinders pp 251-264
7.3 Hydraulic Rotary Actuators pp 264-265
7.4 Hydraulic Motors pp 265-269
Appendix 7A Case Studies: Hydraulic Circuits pp 272-280
1
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7.1 Introduction p 251-
Hydraulic actuators are installed to drive loads by converting the hydraulic power into
mechanical power. The mechanical power, delivered to load is controlled by controlling the fluid
pressure and flow rate; magnitude and direction, by using various hydraulic control valves. The
hydraulic actuators are classified according to the motion type into three main groups:
1. Hydraulic cylinders, performing linear motion.
2. Hydraulic motors, performing continuous rotary motion.
3. Hydraulic rotary actuators, performing limited angular displacement.
7.2 Hydraulic Cylinders pp 251-264
F  P1A P  P2 A r
Q Q
v 1  2
Ap Ar
F  P1A P  P2 A r  Ff
Q  QL Q 2  QL
v 1 
Ap Ar
3
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7.2.1 The Construction of a Typical Hydraulic Cylinders p 252
2
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Tie-rod cylinder
MNF 522 6
Mill-type hydraulic cylinder with bolted head
3
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Mill-type hydraulic cylinder with screwed head
MNF 522 8
7.2.2 Cylinder Cushioning p 253
4
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Mean value of the damping pressure Pd
v 22  v 12  2as
For v2=0 and v1=v, a   v 2 / 2s
mv 2
PA P  Pd A d  ma  
2s
1  mv 2

Pd    PA P 
A d  2s 
MNF 522 10
7.2.3 Stop Tube p 256
10
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7.2.4 Cylinder Buckling p 256
The limiting load, for buckling, is calculated, as follows:
d2 (335  0.62 )
F For    g ; According to Tetmajer
4
 2EJ
F For    g ; According to Euler
nL2K
d4
J  0.0491 d4 ; for circular area
64
 g   1.25 E / R
LK
4
d
n = Safety Factor = 3.5

d= Piston rod diameter, m
E= Modulus of elasticity, N/m2 (E = 2.1 x 1011, for steel)
J= Area moment of inertia or second moment of area, m4
LK = Free buckling length, m
R= Yield strength of the piston rod material, N/m2
λ= Slenderness ratio 11
MNF 522 12
7.2.5 Hydraulic Cylinder Stroke Calculations p 258
L=L4+adjustment allowance + dead lengths

L=L4+L8+L2+2L1+L3+L5+L6+L7
L1 = Radius of attachment lugs + a clearance of 2.5 mm, m
L2 = Cylinder cap length, m
L3 = Piston length + an allowance for the fluid connection ports, m
L4 = stroke, m
L5 = Cylinder head length, m
L6 = Length of extruded part of piston rod + thickness of lock nut + a clearance on adjustable attachment
within 10 mm, m
L7 = Allowance for length adjustment, m
L8 = Thickness of end pieces, m
12
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7.2.6 Classifications of Hydraulic Cylinders p 258
7.2.6.1 Single acting cylinders
Single acting plunger type cylinder, returned by external force
Single acting piston type cylinder, spring returned
13
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7.2.6.2 Double acting hydraulic cylinders.
7.2.6.3 Tandem cylinder
14
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7.2.6.4 Three-position hydraulic cylinders.
15
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7.2.6.6 Telescopic cylinders
16
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7.2.7 Cylinder Mounting p 261
7.2.7.1 Eye or clevis cylinder mounting
17
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7.2.7.2 Trunnion mounting
7.2.7.4 Foot mounting
18
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7.2.7.3 Flange mounting
19
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Commonly produced cylinder diameters
Piston Rod Piston Rod Piston Rod Piston Rod
ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm)
12 36 80 125
14 45 90 140
25 16 80 56 180 125 320 160
200
220
18 45 90 140
22 50 100 160
32 100 200 360
25 56 110 180
70 140
16 50 90 160
18 56 100 180
40 22 125 63 220 110 400 200
25 70 140
90 160
22 63 100 180
25 70 110 200
50 28 150 80 250 125 450 220
36 100 160
180 20
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7.2.8 Cylinder Calibers p 262
7.3 Hydraulic Rotary Actuators pp 264-265
7.3.1 Rotary Actuator with Rack and Pinion Drive p 264
7.3.2 Parallel Piston Rotary Actuator p 264
21
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7.3.3 Vane-Type Rotary Actuators p 265
22
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7.4 Hydraulic Motors pp 265-269
7.4.1 Introduction p 265
Ideal Motor
n m  Q t / Vm
2
P  T
Vm
Real Motor
Q
v  t
Q
Q v
Or nm 
Vm
QP T  2nm T
2
Then; P  T
Vm m h
23
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7.4.2 Bent-Axis Axial Piston Motors p 266
24
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7.4.3 Swash Plate Axial Piston Motors p 267
25
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7.4.4 Vane Motors p 268
26
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7.4.5 Gear Motors p 269
27
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Appendix 7A Case Studies: Hydraulic Circuits pp 272-280
A1-Typical circuit with pump by-pass A2-Typical circuit including parallel
connection of DCV’s with pump by-pass
28
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A3-Typical circuit including series connection A4-Typical circuit including position
of DCV’s with pump by-pass holding by pilot operated check valve
29
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5-Typical circuit of a system with regenerative A6-Typical circuit of a system
connection (semi-open circuit) with sequence of operation
30
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A7-Hydraulic circuit of a simple hydraulic A8-Hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic jack
press with clamping device
31
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A9-Typical circuit of Mobile system with parallel connection
32
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A10-Typical circuit of Mobile system with tandem connection
33
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A11-Typical circuit of Mobile system with parallel connection, and series connected traction motors
34
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A12-Typical closed circuit with unidirectional motor
35
MNF 522 36
A13-Typical closed circuit with bi-directional motor
36
18
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All
End of the Course
37
19

Hydraulic Power Systems

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Hydraulic Power Systems

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9/14/2017

Hydraulic Power Systems

Course Learning Objectives:

Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydraulic Power Systems pp 1-13

1.2 The Classification of Power Systems p 2

1.2.2 Electrical Power Systems p3

1.2.3 Pneumatic Power Systems p 4

1.2.4 Hydrodynamic Power Systems p 5

1.2.5 Hydrostatic Power Systems p 6

Effect of the pressure on the oil viscosity

3 Hydraulic Transmission Lines pp 59-68

Displacement pumps, construction and operation

Displacement pumps consist of one or several pumping chambers. The displacement

This process is repeated continuously as the pump-driving shaft rotates

The actual pump flow rate Q, is less than

4.10 Pump Specification p 134

Hydraulic Control Valves pp 139-190

Static characteristics of a typical

Pressure drop across the sequence valve

hydraulic cylinder controlled by a 4/3 DCV

4/3 DCV (Open center)

5.3.4.2 Electric solenoids

Typical solenoid force-stroke relation

Momentum; jet reaction, forces

5.4.5 Double Pilot-Operated Check Valves p 178

Actually, the jet reaction force Fj is negligible

Two-way flow control valve

Accessories pp 207-216 & pp 237-242

6.1 Introduction p 207

2. Maintaining constant pressure; compensation for leakage losses

Hydraulic Actuators pp 251-280

n = Safety Factor = 3.5

L=L4+adjustment allowance + dead lengths

Single acting piston type cylinder, spring returned

7.2.6.3 Tandem cylinder

7.2.7.4 Foot mounting

ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm) ΦD(mm) Φd(mm)

7.3.2 Parallel Piston Rotary Actuator p 264

A9-Typical circuit of Mobile system with parallel connection

End of the Course

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