ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS

ELASTOMERS Rubber-like in nature, ADA specification #19 as non-aqueous elastomeric dental impressions Vulcanization or curing The process of changing the rubber base product or a liquid polymer to a rubber-like material.

I. COMPOSITION A. POLYETHER CHEMISTRY Copolymer of ethylene oxide and tetrahydrofuran BASE- polyether polymer Colloidal silica (filler) Glycolether or phthalate (plasticizer) CATALYSTS- alkyl aromatic sulfonate
1

B.

POLYSUFIDE

CHEMISTRY Liquid polymer is a polyfunctional mercaptan or polysulfide polymer Lead peroxide (PbO ) inorganic peroxide and provides the curing reaction and causes both lengthening of the polymer chain by oxidation of terminal ..why? to increase viscosity BASE-amber fluid of viscosity lithopone and titanium dioxide ( filler) Dibutyl phthalate (plasticizer) Sulfur (0.5%)

CATALYST- lead dioxide (dark brown color) Oleic or stearic acid retarders Sulphur, zinc oxide, zinc sulphide, fine silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and organic amines

C.

CONDENSATION SILICONE CHEMISTRY Di functional polydimethyl siloxane Stannous octoate, these reactions can be affected at ambient temperatures called RTV (room temperature vulcanization) BASE- colloidal silica or microsized metal oxide (filler) Colorants- homogeneous mix CATALYST- alkyl silicate and organo-tin compounds

D.

ADDITION SILICONE

CHEMISTRY Vinyl groups and cross- linked with silane groups activated by a platinum salt catalyst Addition silicone frequently called poly vinyl siloxane

BASE- same as used in condensation silicone CATALYST (paste)siloxane silane oligomer ( filler) platinum salt (activator)

SETTING TIME WORKING TIME- the measurement of working time begins with the start of mixing and ends just before the impression material developed elastic properties. Penetrometer tests used to asses both working and setting time British standards tests, a reciprocating rheometer is used to measure both setting and working time (viscosity and shear properties)

An increase in temperature accelerates the curing rate of all elastomeric and thus decreases both setting and working time and vice versa DIMENSIONAL STABILITY There are number of sources of dimensional change 1. All rubbers contract slightly during curing 2. During setting the silicone rubber lose alcohol, this is accompanied by a shrinkage. 3. Both silicone and polysulfide rubbers are water-repellent, the polyether polymer,absorbs water, a process, complicated by the simultaneous extraction of the water soluble plasticizer. 4. There is incomplete recovery after deformation because of the visco-elastic nature of rubbers.

COMPARISON OF CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTOMERIC DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS POLYSULFIDE SILICONE POLYETHER Mixing Flow Stack fair to easy variable fair to good fair to easy Good Fair fair to good Excellent

easy good good excellent

Elastic recofair to good Very Reproduction excellent of detail Odor And unpleasant taste

excellent

Pleasant

acceptable