7/24/2008

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

BY
NURITA ANDAYANI

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

What is frequency distribution ?

• Frequency distribution is a collection of
observations produced by sorting observations
into classes that show their frequencies of
occurrence
• There are two kind of frequency distribution, they
are :
– Frequency distribution for quantitative data
– Frequency distribution for qualitative data
• Each kind of frequency distribution is divided into
two way, they are :
– Frequency distribution for ungrouped data
– Frequency distribution for group data
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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• Frequency Distribution for ungrouped data

is a frequency distribution produced whenever
observations are sorted into classes of single
values

• Frequency Distribution for grouped data is a

frequency distribution produced whenever
observations are sorted into classes of more
than one value

11/12/2009 Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Frequency Distribution Frequency Distribution

(Ungrouped Data) (Grouped Data)

Weight Frequency Weight Frequency

90-99 3
205 1 100-109 1
204 0 110-119 17
* 120-129 12
130-139 7
*
140-149 3
* 150-159 4
96 0 160-169 2
170-179 0
95 2
180-189 3
94 1 190-199 0
Total
11/12/2009 53Nurita Andayani, S.Si.,200-209
M.Si.
1
Total 53

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How to make frequency distribution

table ?
• Find the data range (R ) , that is the difference
between the maximum and the minimum value in
the data set.(R = nilai maksimum – nilai minimum)
• Find number of classes (k). Number of classes is
better between 5 until 15 classes. Usually use :
– k = 1 + 3.3 log n, n is number of data
• Find width of the class interval (w) :
R
w
k
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

• Determine where lower and upper value each

class.(buatlah nilai tertinggi dan terendah untuk
setiap kelas dengan interval yang sama)
• Class limit is value of upper class minus value of
lower next class and divided two (batas kelas
adalah nilai tertinggi kelas sebelumnya dikurangi
nilai terendah kelas berikutnya dibagi dua)
• Indicated with a tally the class in which each
observation falls.
• Replace the tally count for each class with a
frequency (Tally marks aren’t usually shown in the
final frequency distribution).
• Supply headings for both columns and a title for the
table Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Other Types Of
Frequency Distributions
• Relative frequency distribution shows the
frequency of each class as a part or fraction of
the total frequency for the entire distribution

Class frequency

Total number of observations
• Cumulative frequency distribution shows the
total number of observations at or below each
class

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Mean
• Ungrouped Data
n

x i
x i 1

n
• Grouped Data
k x is thesamplemean

fm
i 1
i i f is frequencyin each class
m representsthemidpointfor each classin thesample
x n is thenumber of observationsin thesample
n
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Mean
• Grouped Data (coding)
example
Class 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
Code (u) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
(x0)

x is the sample mean

n

u f
x0 is value of the midpoint assigned the code 0
i i f is frequency in each class
x  x0  w i 1
w is numerical width of the class interval
n
u is code assigned to each class
n is the number of observations in the sample

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Other mean
• Geometric mean : to find growth rate or to know an
average rate of change

GM  n x1  x2  xn
• Harmonic mean : n
HM  n
1
x
i 1 i
• Weighted mean : to calculate an average that takes into
account the importance of each value to the overall total
n

 (w  x ) i i
xw  i 1
n

w
i 1
i

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Median
• Ungrouped Data
 n 1
Median the th item in data array
 2  w = class interval width
F = sum of all the class frequencies up to,
but not including the median class
• Grouped Data fm = frequency of the median class
Lm = Lower limit of the median class interval

 n/2F 
Median  Lm  w 
 fm 

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Mode
• Ungrouped Data
– The mode is that value that is repeated most often in the
data set (modus merupakan nilai yang sering muncul)
• Grouped Data
d1
Mo  LMo  w
d1  d 2
LMo=lower limit of the modal class
d1 = frequency of the modal class minus the frequency of the class directly below it
d2 = frequency of the modal class minus the frequency of the class directly above it
w = width of the modal class interval
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Mean Deviasi (MD)

• Ungrouped Data
n
xi  x
MD  i 1
n
• Grouped Data

f m x
i 1
i i
MD 
n
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Variance
n
• Ungrouped Data
S  2
(x  x)
i 1
i
2
/(n  1)

n
S2  ( x i
2
 nx 2 ) /(n  1)
• Grouped Data i 1


i 1
fi mi 2  nx 2
S 
2
n 1
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Quartile
• Ungrouped Data
– Lower (first) quartile = Q1 = 25th percentile
– Second quartile (or median) = Q2 = 50th percentile
– Upper (third) quartile = Q3 = 75th percentile
• Grouped Data
k w = class interval width
Q1  LQ1  w(n / 4  F
i 1
Q1 ) / fQ1
FQi = sum of all the class
frequencies up to ,but not including the
ith quartile class
k fQi = frequency of the ith quartile class
Q3  LQ3  w(3n / 4  F
i 1
Q3 ) / fQ3
LQi = Lower limit of the ith quartile class
interval

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Percentile
k
100pth percentile L p  w( p.n  F ) / f
i 1
p p

w = class interval width

Fp = sum of all the class frequencies up to,but not including the percentile class
fp = frequency of the percentile class
Lp = Lower limit of the percentile class interval

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Data represent the scores that 50 students

earned o college qualification test
162 171 138 145 144 126 145 162 174 178

167 98 161 152 182 136 165 137 133 143

184 166 115 115 95 190 119 144 176 135

194 147 160 158 178 162 131 106 157 154

118 146 172 165 139 94 135 162 168 114

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Question
1. Group the data into a frequency
distribution (contains : data grouped,
midpoint, lower limit class, tally,
frequency, cumulative frequency, and
relative frequency
2. Calculate the mean, the median, the
mode from the grouped data
3. Calculate the variance, the quartiles, and
the 70th percentile
Good Luck

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Latihan
Cari :
Diameter (m) Jumlah partikel 1. rata-rata
2. Variasi
0–9 25 3. Modus
4. Median
10 – 19 35 5. Kuartil 3

20 – 29 15

30 – 39 25

jumlah 100
Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Histogram (contoh MINITAB)

• Data:
60, 65, 70, 73, ……… , (tulis di C1)
• MINITAB:
Stat -> Basic Statistics -> Display
Descriptive Statistics

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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 7/24/2008

Variable N Mean Median TrMean StDev SE Mean

Nilai 40 72.83 74.50 73.39 18.37 2.90
Variable Minimum Maximum Q1 Q3
Nilai 35.00 100.00 59.25 89.50

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Informasi di dalam Boxplot: Minimum, Q1, Median (Q2), Q3, dan Maksimum

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Ogive (Poligon Frekuensi

Kumulatif)

Ogive

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

Pie Chart
Pie Chart Pemilih

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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Bar Chart

Nurita Andayani, S.Si., M.Si.

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