Migration is the movement of people from one location to another and widely associated

with change of permanent place of residence. Reasons of Migration are inter-regional and
intraregional disparities at macro level and fundamentally lack of employment opportunities
resulting low standard of living conditions among different socio-economic groups at micro level.
There are three components of population change. They are mortality, fertility and migration.
There are two types of migration: internal migration and international migration. Internal migration
is the movement of people from one place to other place in a given country. International migration
is the movement of people from one country to another in order to take up employment of establish
residence or to increase in living standard.

Some people choose to migrate (voluntary) or others may be forced to move (forced).
➢ Emigration is when people are leaving or exiting a country
➢ Immigration is when people are moving into a country

Push Factors: Reasons to Leave

Any number of detrimental factors can be considered push factors, which essentially force a
population or person from one country to seek refuge in another country. Conditions that drive
people to leave their homes can include a sub-standard level of living, food, land or job scarcity,
famine or drought, political or religious persecution, pollution, or even natural disasters. Under the
worst circumstances, it may be difficult for a person or group to pick and choose a destination—
speed out is more important than selecting the best option for relocation.
Although not all push factors require a person to leave a country, the conditions that contribute to
a person leaving are often so dire that if they do not choose to leave, they will suffer financially,
emotionally, or physically.

Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate

Pull factors are those that help a person or population determine whether relocating to a new
country would provide a significant benefit. These factors attract populations to a new place largely
because of what the country provides that is not available to them in their country of origin.

A promise of freedom from religious or political persecution, availability of career opportunities

or cheap land, and an abundance of food could be considered pull factors for migrating to a new
country. In each of these cases, a population will have more opportunity to pursue a better life
compared to its home country. Students entering universities or seeking jobs in more developed
countries, for example, might be able to receive larger salaries and greater opportunities than in
their countries of origin.
 It is clear that immigration can be beneficial for migrants, but only if their rights are
protected properly. It can also be economically beneficial for both countries of origin and host
countries; however, with present economic and trading structures it is the rich and powerful
countries that benefit most. Migration brings social and cultural pressures that need to be taken
into account in planning for future services. Migration also has the potential for bringing peoples
together culturally but friction occurs if efforts are not made to dispel negative myths held by
local people. It is also essential to provide good information about the local way of life to
newcomers and ensure opportunities for people to mix and integrate. Where the economic
preconditions exist, migration is inevitable. When people try to prevent immigration it just goes
underground.
References

https://www.embraceni.org/migration/the-pros-and-cons-of-migration/
https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2021/01/shsconf_eccw2020_01023.pdf
https://www.thoughtco.com/push-pull-factors-1434837
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3p4b82/revision/1
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/why-communities-
move/#:~:text=Push%20factors%20%E2%80%9Cpush%E2%80%9D%20people%20away,pol
itical%2C%20cultural%2C%20or%20environmental.