Qualitative Research

- What? Why?
- Seeks to explore the phenomena
- Interview
- Subjective

Quantitative Research

- What? How many?

- Seeks to confirm the phenomena
- Survey
- Objective

Survey types

- Yes or No
o Policies
- Recognition Type
o Recognizing Things
o Close – Ended
- Completion Type
o Open – Ended
- Coding Type
o Statistics
o Close – Ended
- Subjective Type
o Issue
- Multi-response
o Necessitate to provide more options for respondents
- Likert Scale
o Declarative statements to express view points
- Semantic Differential Scale
o Flexible
o Easy to Construct

Interview

- Structured
o Well define content
o Clarified Answer
o Follows a Particular Progression
- Unstructured
o Normal Conversations
o Freewheeling exchange of ideas
- Semi-structured
o Specific set and have follow up questions (impromptu)
Observation

- Semi-structured
o Prepared list of to observe
o Record observations around the action
- Non- participant Observation
o Observes activity or action
o Records
- Participant Observation
o Researcher is part of an action or activity in order to experience life from the
perspective of participants
- Covert Observation
o Observation is kept secret; the fact that they are observed is not known to the
participants

WEEK 3

Sampling: Target population

- Population
o Entire Group
o Community
- Sample
o Individuals
o Group to collect data from

Sample Frame

- List of individuals that the sample will be drawn from.

Sample Size

- Individuals that should be included on sample

A. Probability Sampling: Each member of population has a chance to be selected

- Simple random
- Systematic sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Cluster sampling

B. Non-probability Sampling: non-scientific sampling

- Convenience Sampling
- Quota Sampling
- Purposive Sampling
- Voluntary Response Sample
- Snowball Sampling