Lecture No.

6
Four Stroke Petrol Engine

Delivered by
DR. SURESH R

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 Learning Outcomes

• At the end of this Lecture, student will be able to:

– Explain the working of 4 stroke petrol engines.
– Identify the process in P-V and T-S diagrams for Otto
cycle
– Derive the formulae for air standard efficiency of Otto
cycle

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 Four-stroke Engines

In 4-stroke engines, piston performs four different strokes to

complete all the operations of the working cycle. The four different
strokes performed are,
Suction/Induction stroke
Compression stroke
Power stroke (Expansion stroke or Working stroke)
Exhaust stroke
Each stroke is completed when the crankshaft rotates by 180°.
Hence in a four stroke engines, four different strokes are
completed through 720° of the crankshaft rotation or 2 revolutions
of the crankshaft based on the type of fuel used.

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 Intake Stroke
• Intake valve
opens.
• Piston moves
down from TDC to
BDC , ½ turn of
crankshaft.
• A vacuum is
created in the
cylinder.
• Atmospheric
pressure pushes
the air/fuel
mixture into the
cylinder. 5
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 Compression Stroke
• Valves close.
• Piston moves up from BDC
to TDC, ½ turn of
crankshaft.
• Air/fuel mixture is
compressed.
• Fuel mixture starts to
vaporize and heat begins to
build.
• Pressure increased
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 Power Stroke

• Valves remain closed.

• Spark plug fires igniting fuel
mixture.
• Pressure rises exponentially
• Piston moves down from TDC
to BDC, ½ turn of crankshaft.
• Heat is converted to
mechanical energy.

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 Exhaust Stroke

• Exhaust valve opens.

• Piston move up, crankshaft
makes ½ turn.
• Exhaust gases are pushed
out from the cylinder to
the atmosphere.

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 Four Stroke SI Engine Animation

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 Four Stroke Petrol Engine

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 Otto Cycle

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 Otto Cycle Analysis

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 Otto Cycle

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 Thermal Efficiency Vs Compression Ratio

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 VTEC and VTEC-i

• Variable Valve Timing electronically controlled

( VTEC ) used in Honda
( 2 sets of camshaft profile – low &medium and High Speed)
• Vtec-i ( intelligence) continuously variable system Toyota (
corolla) and Lexus - (works only for Inlet Valve)
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 DTS-Si

• DTS- Swirl
induction

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 Summary
• 4 stroke IC engine cycle has the following strokes
– Suction stroke (Inlet valves open, exhaust valve closed, piston moves TDC to
BDC)
– compression stroke (both valves closed, piston moves BDC to TDC)
– ignition stroke (both valves close, fuel is burnt, piston moves TDC to BDC)
– exhaust stroke (Exhaust valves open, Inlet valve closed, piston moves TDC to
BDC)
• In petrol engine, fuel is combusted due to spark plug
• In petrol engine, the compression ratio is lower compared to diesel
engine and hence the construction is lighter than a diesel engine

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