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EXERCISE NO. 2
CELLULAR STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

GIO: To learn the different parts of the cell and its functions SIO
• Draw and label the important parts of a hypothetical cell.



• Enumerate the 2 major classes of cells

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Cell types. Cells are of two types: eukaryotic, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic, which
do not. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, while eukaryotes can be either single-celled or
multicellular.

• Discuss the structure of the cell membrane and Enumerate

its functions.

The cell membrane is a multifaceted membrane that envelopes a cell's cytoplasm. It protects
the integrity of the cell along with supporting the cell and helping to maintain the cell's shape.
Proteins and lipids are the major components of the cell membrane

• Classify the formed elements of the cytoplasm and give their

functions.

Cytosol: The cytosol is the semi-fluid component or liquid medium of a cell's cytoplasm. It is
located outside of the nucleus and within the cell membrane.

Organelles: Organelles are tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell.
Examples of organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, lysosomes, chloroplasts,
endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Also located within the cytoplasm is the
cytoskeleton, a network of fibers that help the cell maintain its shape and provide support for
organelles.
Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Cytoplasmic inclusions are particles that are temporarily suspended in
the cytoplasm. Inclusions consist of macromolecules and granules. Three types of inclusions
found in the cytoplasm are secretory inclusions, nutritive inclusions, and pigment granules.
Examples of secretory inclusions are proteins, enzymes, and acids. Glycogen (glucose storage
molecule) and lipids are examples of nutritive inclusions. Melanin found in skin cells is an
example of a pigment granule inclusion.

• Discuss the nucleus and explain its immense functions.

•
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and
carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies
often seen within the nucleus. The gel-like matrix in which the nuclear components are
suspended is the nucleoplasm.