HA1 TB CB1 Sample

Honors Algebra 1 Volume 1�indb 1 12/07/22 7:31 PM

A companion book for
Thinkwell's Honors Algebra 1
online video course.
Volume #1 covers Chapters 1 ‒ 6.

Copyright © 2022 by Thinkwell Corporation. All rights reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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to: Permissions, Thinkwell Corp., 505 E. Huntland Drive, Suite 150, Austin, TX 78752.

Welcome
to Algebra 1 !
Before we get too far into the fun, I wanted

to personally introduce myself: I'm your
virtual instructor, Professor Burger. Welcome
to Thinkwell's wonderful world of Algebra 1!
Together, you and I w ill explore the ideas that are foundational to
Algebra. I hope you’ll let me help you in MAKING MEANING of the
math ideas we’ll see together—there’s no need to memorize if you
focus on deep understanding.
I invite (urge) you to take the time to truly think through the math
we’ll explore together and to mindfully practice the skills behind
the ideas every day. If you do, you’ll not only succeed in Algebra 1,
but you’ll also be on solid ground for all the other math in your
future!
About This Book

This is a companion book to Thinkwell's Algebra 1 online video course.
Use this book as a complement to the online materials. I always say
that to learn math you must DO MATH! I encourage you to put pencil
to paper and
• take notes in this book
• highlight key concepts and earmark ideas you want to remember
• doodle, sketch, and visualize the math ideas presented in each
topic.
In a nutshell, make this book your own and keep it by your side as
you study the concepts in this course.

This book is divided into twelve chapters. W ithin each chapter are
a series of Algebra 1 topics. Every topic online contains my V ideo
Lessons along w ith an electronic version of the Notes, Practice
questions and W orksheet questions (although I w ish we’d call them
“F unsheets”, but that’s another story).
How To Use This Book

Use this book alongside the online course and TAKE NOTES here while
watching my video lessons. Your own notes are a key to your own
success—I promise.
Since this book summarizes the concepts, vocabulary, and key examples
presented in the V ideo Lessons, it is a great tool to help you navigate
the videos—but this companion book is not intended as a shortcut
to replace the V ideo Lessons. To get the most out of this learning
experience, I urge you to watch (and think through) all of the online
V ideo Lessons. Maybe even watch some tw ice!
The online Algebra 1 course offers lots of opportunities to practice

the skills you’ll need for success in Algebra 1. Each topic’s
W orksheet Practice and Interactive Practice is a collection of
questions connected to the content presented in the V ideo Lessons.
I've included those questions here in this book, so you can explore
them offline and spend time really thinking through each question. I
always say that the best way to learn math is to DO MATH. So, take
advantage of all the opportunities to practice what you've learned!
Finally, at the end of each section, I've included a Review W orksheet

to give you even more opportunity to review and practice the concepts
you learned in the V ideo Lessons. P ut pencil to paper (or pen, if
you dare) to answer each question. I recommend you complete these
Reviews before taking the course Quizzes and Tests online.

LET'S GO!
I look forward to our Algebra 1 journey together! Remember to
make meaning and focus on deep understanding… and also remember
that YOU CAN DO IT! Have fun!
If you have any questions, please reach out to my friends at

Thinkwell. Email them at support@thinkwell.com. Also, I’m on Tw itter
@ebb663, if you want to say, “hello”.
I w ish you all the best in your Algebra success!
Your virtual teacher,
— Prof. B.
vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tips for Success �� 1
Suggested Pacing Guide�� 3
Chapter 1: Foundations for Algebra�� 5
1.1 The Language of Algebra�� 7
1.1.1 Variables and Expressions �� 9
1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers �� 14
1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers �� 20
1.1.4 Powers and Exponents �� 25
1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers �� 30
1.1 Review Worksheet, Part 1 �� 35
1.2 Tools of Algebra �� 39
1.2.1 Set Theory �� 41
1.2.2 Order of Operations �� 47
1.2.3 Simplifying Expressions �� 53
1.2.4 Introduction to Functions �� 58
Chapter 2: Equations, Proportions, and Percent�� 71
2.1 Solving Equations �� 73
2.1.1 Addition and Subtraction Equations �� 75
2.1.2 Multiplication and Division Equations �� 79
2.1.3 Solving Two-Step Equations �� 83
2.1.4 Solving Multi-Step Equations �� 89
2.1.5 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides �� 95
2.1.6 Solving Literal Equations �� 100
2.1.7 Solving Absolute-Value Equations �� 104
2.1 Review Worksheet, Part 2 ��110
2.2 Proportion and Percent ��113
2.2.1 Rates, Ratios, and Proportions �� 115
2.2.2 Applications of Proportion �� 122
2.2.3 Percents �� 129
2.2.4 Applications of Percent �� 135
2.2.5 Percent Increase and Decrease �� 140

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 3: Inequalities�� 151
3.1 Introduction to Inequalities�� 153
3.1.1 Graphing and Writing Inequalities �� 155
3.1.2 Solving Inequalities by Adding or Subtracting �� 160
3.1.3 Solving Inequalities by Multiplying or Dividing �� 164
3.1 Review Worksheet �� 169
3.2 Multi-Step and Compound Inequalities �� 173
3.2.1 Solving Two-Step and Multi-Step Inequalities �� 175
3.2.2 Solving Inequalities with Variables on Both Sides �� 180
3.2.3 Solving Compound Inequalities �� 185
3.2.4 Solving Absolute-Value Inequalities �� 190
Chapter 4: Functions �� 201
4.1 Introduction to Functions�� 203
4.1.1 Graphing Relationships �� 205
4.1.2 Relations and Functions ��211
4.1.3 Writing Function Rules �� 217
4.2 Applying Functions �� 227
4.2.1 Graphing Functions �� 229
4.2.2 Scatter Plots and Trend Lines �� 234
4.2.3 Arithmetic Sequences �� 242
Chapter 5: Linear Functions �� 251
5.1 Characteristics of Linear Functions �� 253
5.1.1 Identifying Linear Functions �� 255
5.1.2 Using Intercepts �� 262
5.1.3 Rate of Change and Slope �� 268
5.1.4 The Slope Formula �� 276
5.1.5 The Midpoint and Distance Formulas �� 282
5.1.6 Direct Variation �� 289
5.2 Using Linear Functions �� 303
5.2.1 Slope-Intercept Form �� 305
5.2.2 Point-Slope Form �� 313
5.2.3 Slopes of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines �� 323

TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.2.4 Transforming Linear Functions �� 331
Chapter 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities �� 347
6.1 Systems of Linear Equations�� 349
6.1.1 Solving Systems by Graphing �� 351
6.1.2 Solving Systems by Substitution �� 357
6.1.3 Solving Systems by Elimination �� 362
6.1.4 Solving Special Systems �� 368
6.1.5 Applying Systems �� 375
6.2 Linear Inequalities �� 385
6.2.1 Graphing Linear Inequalities �� 387
6.2.2 Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities �� 395
Blank Graph Paper �� 405
Formulas & Symbols��411
xi

Tips For
1
SUCCESS
Use this book to help you stay organized.
Check out the suggested pacing guide in this
book or download the online Lesson Plan and
create a study schedule for yourself. Your
schedule w ill be your plan for Algebra success!
2 Be an active learner.
Before you begin studying, collect the tools you'll
need: a pencil, scratch paper, highlighters, or
graph paper are great things to have on-hand.
A s you watch the V ideo Lessons online, work out
the examples along w ith Prof. Burger on the
Lesson Notes here (or on your own paper).
Highlight important points in the Lesson Notes, and
earmark topics you want to go back to review
before a Quiz or Test.
3 Practice as you go.

After each V ideo example, complete the W orksheet questions
for that example. Once you've watched all the video lessons
and answered all the W orksheet questions, check your
understanding by completing the Practice question set. Go online
to check your answers and to see answer feedback w ith step-
by-step explanations.
4 Review to remember.
Before a Quiz or Test, complete the Review
W orksheet and re-do any exercises you need
extra practice to master.
5 Reach out if you need help!

Have questions? Need help? Reach out to us at support@thinkwell.com.
We're here to help!

This pacing guide follows a 36-week plan to sequentially progress
through Thinkwell's Honors Algebra 1 online course. Since the course
is self-paced, feel free to go as quickly or as slowly through the
material as you need to – this guide is just a suggestion. The list
below corresponds w ith Thinkwell's Honors Algebra 1 online course
scope and sequence.
口 WEEK 1: – 1.1 The Language of Algebra
口 WEEK 2: – 1.2 Tools of Algebra
口 WEEK 3: – 1.1-1.2 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 4: – 2.1 Solving Equations
口 WEEK 5: – 2.1 Solving Equations (Cont.)
口 WEEK 6: – 2.2 Proportion and Percent
口 WEEK 8: – 3.1 Introduction to Inequalities
口 WEEK 9: – 3.2 Multi-Step and Compound Inequalities
口 WEEK 11: – 4.1 Introduction to F unctions
口 WEEK 12: – 4.2 Applying F unctions & 4.1-4.2 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 13: – 5.1 Characteristics of Linear F unctions
口 WEEK 14: – 5.2 Using Linear F unctions
口 WEEK 16: – 6.1 Systems of Linear Equations
口 WEEK 17: – 6.2 Linear Inequalities & 6.1-6.2 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 18: – Modules 1–17 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 19: – 7.1 Exponents
3

口 WEEK 20: – 7.2 Polynomials
口 WEEK 22: – 8.1 F actoring Methods
口 WEEK 23: – 8.2 A pplying F actoring Methods &
8.1-8.2 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 24: – 9.1 Quadratic F unctions
口 WEEK 25: – 9.2 Solving Quadratic Equations
口 WEEK 26: – 9.2 Solving Quadratic Equations (Cont.)
口 WEEK 28: – 10.1 Probability
口 WEEK 29: – 10.2 Data Analysis
口 WEEK 30: – 10.2 Data Analysis (Cont.) & 10.1-10.2 Online A ssessment
口 WEEK 31: – 11.1 Exponential F unctions
口 WEEK 32: – 11.2 Radical F unctions, Expressions, and Equations
口 WEEK 34: – 12.1 Rational F unctions and Expressions
口 WEEK 35: – 12.2 Operations w ith Rational Expressions
口 WEEK 36: – 12.1-12.2 Online A ssessment &
Modules 19-35 Online A ssessment

Chapter 1
F oundations for Algebra

1.1
The Language of
Algebra

1.1.1 Variables and Expressions
Key Objectives
• Translate between words and algebraic expressions.
• Evaluate algebraic expressions.
• Write algebraic expressions.
Key Terms
• A variable is a letter or symbol that represents a quantity that can change.
• A constant is a quantity that does not change.
• An algebraic expression contains one or more variables and may contain operation symbols.
• To evaluate an expression means to find its value.
Expressions are math statements that can include constants (numbers), variables, and operations.
Operations in expressions are represented symbolically. Four operations commonly used in expressions
are addition (+), subtraction (−), multiplication (× or ·), and division (÷ or /). Note that multiplication is
the understood operation when a number is written next to a variable, with no symbol between them. For
example, 2n means “2 times n.”
Example 1
Translating from Algebra to Words
To express a mathematical statement (expression) as words, first translate the meaning of each operation.
Because operations can be described using many different phrases, there are often multiple correct ways
to write an expression as words. For example, the operation addition (+) can be described using the words
“increased by”, “added to”, or with “sum of”.

1.1.1 Variables and Expressions (continued)
Example 2
Translating from Words to Algebra
It is often helpful to translate ideas from words to a mathematical expression in order to solve real-world
problems using algebra. The key to writing an expression that correctly represents an idea is to identify the
operation described by the idea.
10

1.1.1 Variables and Expressions (continued)
Example 3
Evaluating Algebraic Expressions
To evaluate an expression, find the value of that expression by substituting a number for the variable (or
variables) and then simplifying the resulting numerical expression, as demonstrated by Prof. Burger in
Example 3.
Example 4
Recycling Application
In Example 4, Prof. Burger demonstrates translating words into an algebraic expression that is evaluated for
specific values of the variable to answer real-world questions.
11

1.1.1 Variables and Expressions − Worksheet
Example 1:
Give two ways to write each algebraic expression in words.
1. n − 5 2. f 3. c + 15 4. 9 − y

3
5. x 6. t + 12 7. 8x 8. x − 3

12
Example 2:
9. George drives at 45 mi/h. Write an expression for the number of miles George travels in h hours.
10. The length of a rectangle is 4 units greater than its width w. Write an expression for the length of
the rectangle.
Example 3:
Evaluate each expression for a = 3, b = 4, and c = 2.
11. a − c 12. ab 13. b ÷ c 14. ac
Example 4:
15. Brianna practices the piano 30 minutes each day.
a. Write an expression for the number of hours she practices in d days.
b. Find the number of hours Brianna practices in 2, 4, and 10 days.
12

1.1.1 Variables and Expressions − Practice
1. G
ive two ways to write the algebraic 2. Give two ways to write the algebraic
expression a + b in words. expression p ÷ 29 in words.
3. R
amona wrote 14 letters to friends each 4. M
ary is 3 years older than James. If
month for n months in a row. Write an James is x years old, write an expression
expression to show how many total letters for Mary’s age.
Ramona wrote.
5. Joan practices table tennis for 6 hours every 6. E

valuate the expression m + p for m = 9
2 days. Write an expression for the number and p = 7.
of hours she practices in x days.
7. E
valuate the expression a/b for a = 22 and
b = 12. 8. S teve practices piano for 5 hours each
day. Find the number of hours he
practices in 1, 10, and 29 day(s).
9. L
eah scored 34 points in the first half
of the basketball game, and she scored
y points in the second half of the game.
Write an expression to determine the
number of points she scored in all. Then,
find the number of points she scored in all
if she scored 15 points in the second half
of the game.
13

1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers
Key Objectives
• Add and subtract numbers on a number line.
• Add and subtract real numbers.
Key Terms
• Real numbers are all numbers on a number line.
• Absolute value is the distance of a number from zero on a number line; shown by | |.
• On a number line, opposites are two numbers the same distance from 0 but on different sides of 0.
Two numbers are opposites if their sum is 0.
The process for adding two signed numbers depends on whether the two numbers have the same sign or
different signs.
• To find the sum of two numbers with different signs (i.e., one number is positive and the other number
is negative), find the difference of their absolute values and then apply the sign of the number with the
greater absolute value.
• To find the sum of two numbers with the same sign (i.e., two positive numbers or two negative
numbers), find the sum of their absolute values and then apply the common sign.
Example 1
Adding and Subtracting Numbers on a Number Line
A number line can be used to model addition and subtraction of signed numbers. To model the addition of
a positive number, move that number of units to the right along the number line. To model the addition of a
negative number, move that number of units to the left along the number line.
14

1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers (continued)
Example 2
Adding Real Numbers
In Example 2, Prof. Burger demonstrates addition of negative numbers and evaluating an expression that
contains numbers with different signs.
15

Example 3
Subtracting Real Numbers
To subtract a number
• change the operation from subtraction to addition,
• change the number to its opposite, and then
• follow the rules for adding signed numbers.
16

Example 4
Consumer Economics Application
There are many real-world examples where the addition and subtraction of signed numbers can be applied.
In Example 4, Prof. Burger uses money (and money management) to demonstrate this skill.
17

1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers − Worksheet
Example 1:
Add or subtract using a number line.
⎛ ⎞
1. −4 + 7 2. −3.5 − 5 3. 5.6 − 9.2 4. 3 − ⎜−6 1⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Example 2:
Add.
3 ⎛ 3⎞
5. 91 + (−11) 6. 4 + ⎜−3 ⎟ 7. 15.6 + x for x = −17.9
4 ⎝ 4⎠
Example 3:
Subtract.
4 1
8. 23 − 36 9. 4.3 − 8.4 10. x − 2 for x = 1
5 5
Example 4:
11. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) reports the DJIA 1987
average prices of stocks for 30 companies. Use the
Friday, Oct. 16 −108.35
table to determine the total decrease in the DJIA for
the two days. Monday, Oct. 19 −507.99
18

1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers − Practice
1. A
dd using a number line. 2. Add using a number line.
−4 + 1 1 + (−5)
3. S ubtract −8 − (−3) using a number line. 4. A

dd.
−3 + 13
5. A
dd. 6. A
dd.
34 + (−21) −15 + (−13)
7. S ubtract. 8. S ubtract.
8 − (−7) −5 − (−8)
9. T
he highest temperature recorded in
the town of Westgate this summer was
101°F. Last winter, the lowest temperature
recorded was −9°F. Find the difference
between these extremes.
19

1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers
Key Objectives
• Multiply and divide signed real numbers.
• Multiply and divide with fractions.
• Multiply and divide with zero.
Key Terms
• Two numbers are reciprocals if their product is 1. For example, the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2.
When two numbers are multiplied or divided, the signs of the numbers being multiplied or divided
determine whether the result is positive or negative, as summarized in the following table.
Example 1
Multiplying Signed Numbers
To multiply two signed numbers, multiply their absolute values and then apply a sign to the product
according to the following rules.
• If their signs are the same (either both positive or both negative), then the product is positive.
• If their signs are different (one is positive and the other is negative), then their product is negative.
20

1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers (continued)
Example 2
Dividing Signed Numbers
Recall that to divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal. To divide by a mixed number, first change the
mixed number into an improper fraction, and then multiply by its reciprocal.
The rules for dividing signed numbers are the same as the rules for multiplying signed numbers.
• If their signs are the same (either both positive or both negative), then the quotient is positive.
• If their signs are different (one is positive and the other is negative), then their quotient is negative.
21

1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers (continued)
Example 3
Multiplying and Dividing with Zero
The product of any number and 0 is 0. Zero divided by any nonzero number is also 0, but any number
divided by zero is undefined.
When multiplying or dividing with 0, it does not matter whether the nonzero number is positive or negative.
The rules remain the same regardless of the sign of the nonzero number.
Example 4
Athletics Application
Distance is found by multiplying a rate and a time. In Example 4, Prof. Burger finds an unknown distance
given a rate and a time.
22

1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers − Worksheet
Example 1:
Find the value of each expression.
1. −72 ÷ (−9) 2. 11(−11) 3. −7.2 ÷ x for x = 3.6
Example 2:
Divide.
5 ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
4. 5 ÷ 5. 4 ÷ ⎜− 8⎟ 6. 2 ÷ ⎜− 1⎟ 7. 16 ÷ 4
7 5 ⎝ 5⎠ 3 ⎝ 3⎠ 25 5
Example 3:
Multiply or divide if possible.
2 7
8. 3.8 ÷ 0 9. 0(−27) 10. 0 ÷ 11. ÷0
3 8
Example 4:
12. It is estimated that 7 million people saw off-Broadway shows in 2002. Assume that the average
price of a ticket was $30. How much money was spent on tickets for off-Broadway shows
in 2002?
23

1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers − Practice
1. M
ultiply. 2. Find the value of the expression 28/(−7).
−10 ∙ 2
3. F ind the value of 4b for b = 1/2. 4. M

ultiply.
0 ∙ 1.035
5. D
ivide. 6. D
ivide.
14.807 ÷ 0 3 1
3 ÷
5 6
7. D
ivide. 8. C
arina hiked at Yosemite National Park
1 for 1.75 hours. Her average speed was
−7 ÷ 4
2 3.5 mi/h. How many miles did she hike?
9. A
car traveled on a straight road for
1
2 hours at a speed of 60 miles per hour.
4
How many miles did the car travel?
24

1.1.4 Powers and Exponents
Key Objectives
• Write powers for geometric models.
• Evaluate powers.
• Write powers.
Key Terms
• A power is an expression written with a base and an exponent.
• An exponent indicates how many times a number (the base of a power) is used as a factor.
• The base of a power is the number that is used as a factor in the power.
The expression 32 (read as “3 to the 2nd power” or “3 squared”) is a power, where 3 is the base and 2 is
the exponent. The exponent in a power indicates the number of times the base is used as a factor. In the
power 32, the exponent 2 indicates that the base 3 is used as a factor two times. So, to simplify the power 32,
multiply 3 by itself 2 times: 32 = 3 · 3 = 9.
Example 1
Writing Powers for Geometric Models
In Example 1, Prof. Burger writes powers represented by geometric models to illustrate the efficiency of
using powers to express the total number of items in a set.
25

1.1.4 Powers and Exponents (continued)
Example 2
Evaluating Powers
In a power such as ab, the base is a and the exponent is b, which indicates that a is used as a factor b times.
Example 3
Writing Powers
There are many ways to write a number as an equivalent numeric expression using operations. For
example, 16 can be written as 13 + 3 or 8 · 2. Some numbers can be written as a power. For example,
16 can be written as 42 because 16 = 4 · 4 = 42.
26

1.1.4 Powers and Exponents (continued)
Example 4
Culinary Application
In Example 4, Prof. Burger demonstrates using a power to relate categories that are scaled using a constant
multiple.
27

1.1.4 Powers and Exponents − Worksheet
Example 1:
Write the power represented by each geometric model.
1. 2. 3. 9
Example 2:
Simplify each expression.
4
⎛ ⎞
4. 72 5. (−2)4 6. (−2)5 7. − ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝2⎠
Example 3:
Write each number as a power of the given base.
8. 81; base 9 9. 100,000; base 10 10. −64; base −4
11. 10; base 10 12. 81; base 3 13. 36; base −6
Example 4:
14.
Jan wants to predict the number of hits she will get on her Web page. Her Web page received 3
hits during the first week it was posted. If the number of hits triples every week, how many hits
will the Web page receive during the 5th week?
28

1.1.4 Powers and Exponents − Practice
1. Identify the power represented by the 2. Evaluate the expression.

geometric model. 25
3. E
valuate the expression. 4. E
valuate the expression.
(−1) 3
(−1/2)3
5. S implify −34. 6. W
rite 729 as a power of the base 9.
7. E
xpress 256 as a power of 16. 8. E
xpress 10,000 as a power of 10.
9. S uppose you have developed a scale that

indicates the brightness of sunlight. Each
category in the table is 8 times brighter
than the next lower category. For example,
a day that is dazzling is 8 times brighter
than a day that is radiant. How many times
brighter is a dazzling day than a dim day?
Sunlight Intensity
Category Brightness
Dim 2
Illuminated 3
Radiant 4
Dazzling 5
29

1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers
Key Objectives
• Find square roots of perfect squares and of fractions.
• Classify real numbers.
• Approximate square roots.
Key Terms
• The square root of a number is one of the two equal factors of the number.
• A real number is a rational or irrational number. Every point on the number line represents a real number.
• An irrational number is a real number that cannot be written as a ratio of integers.
• A rational number is a number that can be written as a fraction with integers for its numerator and
denominator (denominator cannot be 0).
• A terminating decimal is a rational number in decimal form with a finite number of decimal places.
• A repeating decimal is a rational number in decimal form that has a block of one or more digits that
repeat continuously.
• Integers are the set of all whole numbers and their opposites.
• Whole numbers are the set of natural numbers and 0.
• Natural numbers are the set of counting numbers.
Example 1
Finding Square Roots of Perfect Squares
The product of a whole number and itself is called a perfect square. For example, 25 is a perfect square
because 5 · 5 = 25, and 49 is a perfect square because 7 · 7 = 49. The first 11 perfect squares are 0, 1, 4, 9,
16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, and 100.
The square root of a perfect square is the number that when multiplied by itself is equal to that perfect
square. For example, the square root of 49 is 7 because 7 · 7 = 49. However, note that −7 · −7 = 49 as well.
Therefore, there are two square roots of 49, 7 and −7. In fact, every positive real number has two square
roots that are opposites of each other.
The symbol is used to represent the square root of a number. The nonnegative square root of a real
number n is represented by n . The negative square root of a real number n is represented by − n .
30

1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers (continued)
Example 2
Finding Roots of Fractions
To find the square root of a fraction, find the fraction such that its square is equal to that original fraction.
Example 3
Problem-Solving Application
The number under the square root symbol, called the radicand, is not always a perfect square. In this case,
the square root can be found by using a calculator, or it can be approximated by estimating.
31

1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers (continued)
Example 4
Classifying Real Numbers
Real numbers are all of the numbers on a number line. Every real number is either a rational number or an
irrational number. A rational number can be written as a fraction where the numerator is an integer and the
denominator is a nonzero integer. An irrational number cannot be written as such a fraction.
Rational numbers that can be written with denominator of 1 are called integers, such as −17, 0, and 4. The
nonnegative integers are called whole numbers, and integers that are positive are called natural numbers.
So, every natural number is also a whole number, an integer, and a rational number.
32

1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers − Worksheet
Example 1:
Find each square root.
1. 64 2. 225 3. − 1 4. 169
Example 2:
5. 1 6. 4 7. − 1 8. 9

16 9 9 64
1
9. 1 10. 1 11. − 4 12.
36 64 81 100
Example 3:
13.
A contractor is told that a potential client’s kitchen floor is in the shape of a square. The area
of the floor is 45 ft2. Find the side length of the floor to the nearest tenth.
Example 4:
Write all classifications that apply to each real number.
14. −27 15. 1 16. 12 17. −6.8

6
33

1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers − Practice
1. F ind the square root. 2. Find the square root.

64 − 144
3. Find
16
. 4. Find − 4 .
25 49
5. T
he area of a square garden is 87 square 6. T
he area of a square window pane is
meters. Estimate the side length of the 83 in2. How long is each side of the
garden. window pane? Round your answer to the
nearest tenth of an inch.
7. W
rite all classifications that apply to the 8. W
rite all classifications that apply to the
real number 4. 81
real number .
4
9. W
rite all classifications that apply to the
real number.
3
2
34

1.1 Review Worksheet, Part 1
1.1.1 Variables and Expressions

Give two ways to write each algebraic expression in words.
1. 5p 2. 4 − y 3. 3 + x 4. 3y
5. −3s 6. r ÷ 5 7. 14 − t 8. x + 0.5
9.
Friday’s temperature was 20° warmer than Monday’s temperature t. Write an expression for
Friday’s temperature.
10.
Ann sleeps 8 hours per night. Write an expression for the number of hours Ann sleeps in
n nights.
Evaluate each expression for r = 6, s = 5, and t = 3.

11. r − s 12. s + t 13. r ÷ t 14. sr
15. Jim is paid for overtime when he works more than 40 hours per week.
a. Write an expression for the number of hours he works overtime when he works h hours.
b. Find the number of hours Jim works overtime when he works 40, 44, 48, and 52 hours.
1.1.2 Adding and Subtracting Real Numbers

Add or subtract using a number line.
16. − 2 + 6 17. 6 + (−2) 18. 1 − 12 19. − 2 + 6

4 5
35

1.1 Review Worksheet, Part 1 (continued)
Add.
20. − 18 + (−12) 21. −2.3 + 3.5 22. x + 29 for x = −15
Subtract.
⎛ ⎞
23. 12 − 22 24. − 3 − ⎜− 1⎟ 25. 38 − x for x = 24.6
4 ⎝ 4⎠
26.
A meteorologist reported that the day’s high temperature was 17°F and the low temperature
was −6°F. What was the difference between the day’s high and low temperatures?
1.1.3 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers

Find the value of each expression.
27. −30 ÷ (−6) 28. 8(−4) 29. x(−12) for x = −25
Divide.
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
30. 3 ÷ ⎜− 1⎟ 31. 9 ÷ 15 32. 4 1 ÷ 1 1 33. 2 3 ÷ ⎜−1 1⎟
20 ⎝ 4⎠ 14 28 2 2 4 ⎝ 2⎠
Multiply or divide if possible.

0
34. 0 · 15 35. −0.25 ÷ 0 36. 0 ÷ 1 37. ÷ 3
1
38. A cold front changes the temperature by −3°F each day. If the temperature started at 0°F,
what will the temperature be after 5 days?
36

1.1 Review Worksheet, Part 2
1.1.4 Powers and Exponents

Write the power represented by each geometric model.
1.
5 2.
3.
5 3
3
3
Simplify each expression.

2
⎛ 3⎞
4. 33 5. (−4)2 6. −42 7. ⎜− ⎟
⎝ 5⎠
Write each number as a power of the given base.

8. 49; base 7 9. 1000; base 10 10. −8; base −2
11. 1,000,000; base 10 12. 64; base 4 13. 343; base 7
14.
Protozoa are single-celled organisms. Paramecium aurelia is one type of protozoan. The
number of Paramecium aurelia protozoa doubles every 1.25 days. There was one protozoan
on a slide 5 days ago. How many protozoa are on the slide now?
37

1.1 Review Worksheet, Part 2 (continued)
1.1.5 Square Roots and Real Numbers

15. 121 16. 9 17. − 100 18. 400
19. 1 20. 1 21. 1 22. − 25

25 16 4 36
23. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips are going to build a new home with a foundation that is in the shape of
a square. The house will cover 222 square yards. Find the length of the side of the house to
the nearest tenth of a yard.
Write all classifications that apply to each real number.
24. 5 25. 49 26. −3 27. 18

12
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About This Book

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Your virtual teacher,

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3 Practice as you go.

5 Reach out if you need help!

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1. n − 5 2. f 3. c + 15 4. 9 − y

5. x 6. t + 12 7. 8x 8. x − 3

b. Find the number of hours Brianna practices in 2, 4, and 10 days.

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5. Joan practices table tennis for 6 hours every 6. E

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3. S ubtract −8 − (−3) using a number line. 4. A

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3. F ind the value of 4b for b = 1/2. 4. M

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8. 81; base 9 9. 100,000; base 10 10. −64; base −4

11. 10; base 10 12. 81; base 3 13. 36; base −6

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1. Identify the power represented by the 2. Evaluate the expression.

9. S uppose you have developed a scale that

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5. Joan practices table tennis for 6 hours every 6. E

3. S ubtract −8 − (−3) using a number line. 4. A

3. F ind the value of 4b for b = 1/2. 4. M

1. Identify the power represented by the 2. Evaluate the expression.

9. S uppose you have developed a scale that

1. F ind the square root. 2. Find the square root.