ZADATAK 1.

Odredite jakost električnog polja u točki A, ako su točkasti naboji

raspoređeni u zraku kao na slici.

Q1 = −2 ⋅10−9 C
Q2 = 1, 6 ⋅10 −8 C
Q3 = 5 ⋅10 −9 C
a = 17,3 cm = 0,173 m
b = 10 cm = 0,1 m

d = a2 + b2 20cm = 0, 2m

−9
1 Q1 9 2 ⋅10
E1 = ⋅ = 9 ⋅ 10 ⋅ = 1800 V
4πε 0 b2 0,12 m

1 Q2 1, 6 ⋅10 −8
E2 = ⋅ = 9 ⋅109 ⋅ = 3600 V
4πε 0 d 2 0, 2 2 m

−9
1 Q3 9 5 ⋅ 10
E3 = ⋅ = 9 ⋅ 10 ⋅ = 1500 V
4πε 0 a2 0,1732 m

ur uur uur uur

E = E1 + E2 + E3

a
E x = − E3 − E2 ⋅ cos α = − E3 − E2 ⋅ −4600 V
d m

b
E y = E1 − E2 ⋅ sin α = E1 − E2 ⋅ = 0V
d m

E = Ex2 + E y2 = Ex = 4600 V
m
ZADATAK 2: Odredite silu na naboj Q2 iz prethodnog zadatka.

Q1 ⋅ Q2 2 ⋅10−9 ⋅1, 6 ⋅10 −8

F1 = = ⋅ 9 ⋅109 = 9, 623 ⋅10 −6 N
4πε 0 ⋅ a 2 0,173 2

Q2 ⋅ Q3 1, 6 ⋅10 −8 ⋅ 5 ⋅10−9
F2 = = ⋅ 9 ⋅109 = 7, 2 ⋅10 −5 N
4πε 0 ⋅ b 2 0,1 2

F = F12 + F22 = 7, 264 ⋅10−5 N

ZADATAK 3. Odredite iznos potencijala u točki A iz prvog zadatka.

ϕ = ϕ1 + ϕ2 + ϕ3

Q1 −2 ⋅10−9
ϕ1 = = 9 ⋅109 ⋅ = −180 V
4πε 0 ⋅ b 0,1

Q2 1, 6 ⋅10−8
9
ϕ2 = = 9 ⋅10 ⋅ = 720 V
4πε 0 ⋅ d 0, 2

Q3 5 ⋅10 −9
ϕ3 = = 9 ⋅109 ⋅ = 260 V
4πε 0 ⋅ a 0,173

ϕ = ϕ1 + ϕ2 + ϕ3 = −180 + 720 + 260 = 800V

ZADATAK 4. Točka A nalazi se na udaljenosti RA=10cm od pozitivnog točkastog naboja, a
točka C na udaljenosti RC=15cm. Na kojoj udaljenosti RB se mora nalaziti točka B da se
postigne uvjet UAB=UBC?

U AB = U BC

ϕ A − ϕ B = ϕ B − ϕC

Q
ϕA =
4πε ⋅ RA

Q
ϕB =
4πε ⋅ RB

Q
ϕC =
4πε ⋅ RC

2ϕ B = ϕ A + ϕC

Q Q Q
2⋅ = +
4πε ⋅ RB 4πε ⋅ RA 4πε ⋅ RC

2 1 1 2 RA RC
= + ⇒ RB =
RB RA RC RA + RC

RB = 12 cm
ZADATAK 5. Dvije metalne ploče, sa zrakom kao izolatorom, bile su spojene na izvor
napona U, a zatim odspojene od njega. Nakon toga je razmak ploča povečan
na dvostruki iznos, a izolator je zamjenjen tinjcem (εr=6). Što se pri tome
dogodilo s električnim poljem, naponom i kapacitetom?

a) + - b) + -Q
Q ε =ε 0 Q Q ε r =6

d d’=2d

+ -

a) ε 0 ,U , d
b) d ' = 2d , ε ' = ε r ε 0 = 6ε 0

Q ', U ', E ', c ' = ?

S U
a) c = ε0 ; E = ; Q = cU
d d

b) Q' = Q
S εr
c ' = ε rε 0
= c = 3c
2d 2
Q' Q U
U '= = =
c ' 3c 3
U' U 1 E
E'= = ⋅ =
d ' 3 2d 6
 U [V ]
Q + Q = U ⋅c c[F ]
+ Q [C ]
U - c
Q - c=
Q
U

U1 Q1 +
c1 Q +
+ - +
U Q2 + U - U c
- -
c2
U2 -

Q Q
Q1 = Q2 = Q ⋅⋅⋅⋅ c= =
U U1 + U 2
1 U1 + U 2 U1 U 2
U = U1 + U 2 ⋅⋅⋅⋅ = = +
c Q Q Q
1 U1 U 2 1 1
= + = +
c Q1 Q2 c1 c2
1 1 1
= + + ⋅⋅⋅⋅
c c1 c2
c ⋅c
c= 1 2
c1 + c2

Q1+ Q 2+ Q +
+ +
U - U1 c1 U2 c2 U - U c
- - -

Q Q1 + Q2 Q1 Q2
U1 = U 2 = U ⋅⋅⋅ c= = = +
U U U U
Q Q
Q = Q1 + Q2 c = 1 + 2 = c1 + c2
U1 U 2

c = c1 + c2 ...
ZADATAK 6.

c1 = 20nF
c2 = 30nF U1 Q +
c1 Q +
U = 120V - +
+ Q + U U c
U - -
c, U 1 , U 2 , Q = ? c2 -
U2 -

1 1 1
= +
c c1 c2
c ⋅c 20 ⋅ 30 600
c= 1 2 = = = 12nF
c1 + c2 20 + 30 50

Q = U ⋅ c = 120V ⋅12nF = 1440nC

Q1 = Q2 = Q

Q1 1440nC
U1 = = = 72V
c1 20nF
Q 1440nC
U2 = 2 = = 48V
c2 30nF

Provjera:

U1 + U 2 = 72 + 48 = 120V = U
ZADATAK 7.

c1 = c3 = 40nF U1 Q +
c2 = 20nF c1
U = 120V + -
U - Q + Q +
U2 c2 + c
c, U 1 , U 2 , U 2 , Q = ? - U - U
Q + -
c3
U3 -

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1+ 2 +1 4 1
= + + = + + = = =
c c1 c2 c3 40 20 40 40 40 10

c = 10nF

Q = U ⋅ c = 120V ⋅10nF = 1200nC

Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Q

Q1 1200nC
U1 = = = 30V
c1 40nF
Q 1200nC
U2 = 2 = = 60V
c2 20nF
Q 1200nC
U3 = 3 = = 30V
c3 40nF

Provjera:

U1 + U 2 + U 3 = 30 + 60 + 30 = 120V = U
ZADATAK 8.

c1 = 20nF
c2 = 30nF
U = 60V

c, Q1 , Q2 , Q = ?

Q1+ Q 2+ Q +
+ +
U - U1 c1 U2 c2 U - U c
- - -

c = c1 + c2 = 20 + 30 = 50nF

Q = U ⋅ c = 60V ⋅ 50nF = 3000nC

U1 = U 2 = U

Q1 = U ⋅ c1 = 60V ⋅ 20nF = 1200nC

Q2 = U ⋅ c2 = 60V ⋅ 30nF = 1800nC

Provjera:

Q1 + Q2 = Q
1200nC + 1800nC = 3000nC
3000nC = 3000nC
ZADATAK 9.

c1 = 10nF
c2 = 4nF
c3 = 6nF
c4 = 12nF
U = 180V

c, Q, Q1 − Q4 , U1 − U 4 = ?

Q1
U1 U1 c1
c1
+
U -
+ Q3,4
U3 c3 U - Q2
U2 c2 U2 c2 c3,4
U4 c4

c3 ⋅ c4 6 ⋅12
c3,4 = = = 4nF
c3 + c4 6 + 12

U1 + Q1
c1 Q +
+ - +
U U c
U - + Q23,4 -
-
c2,3,4
U2 -

c2,3,4 = c2 + c3,4 = 4nF + 4nF = 8nF

c1 ⋅ c2,3,4 10 ⋅ 8 40
c= = = nF
c1 + c2,3,4 10 + 8 9

40
Q = U ⋅ c = 180V ⋅ nF = 800nC
9

Q1 = Q2,3,4 = Q
 Q1 800nC
U1 = = = 80V
c1 10nF

Q 800nC
U2 = = = 100V Provjera: U1 + U 2 = 180V = U
c2,3,4 8nF

Q2 = U 2 ⋅ c2 = 100V ⋅ 4nF = 400nC Provjera: Q2 + Q3,4 = 800nC = Q

Q3,4 = U 2 ⋅ c3,4 = 100V ⋅ 4nF = 400nC

Q3 = Q4 = Q3,4

Q3 400nC 200
U3 = = = V ≈ 66, 67V Provjera: U 3 + U 4 = 100V = U 2
c3 6nF 3
Q 400nC 100
U4 = 3 = = V ≈ 33, 33V
c4 12nF 3