Results

Anti-plasmodia activity of plant distillates on P. fa

Numerical data obtained were presented as mean of three replicates ± standard error of mean
(SEM). Analysis was done using one-way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) procedure using
statistical package for social science (SPSS) package version 23. Mean differences were
subjected to Tukey’s multiple range test and significance level was set at P < 0.05. Thus, the
average activities of treated groups of mice a ranged between 0.72±0.39 and 0.99±0.53 as
compared to the control with 1.75±0.58. A considerably high degree of activities was shown by
the vernomia and Artemisia, followed by Artemisin NUC, Neem, and Chloroquin doses which
significantly decreased the parasitaemia of the infected mice when compared to control (p<0.05).
The distillated plants showed a dose-dependent phyto-constituents activity at the different doses
given, resulting in significant (p<0.05) reduction of parasitaemia. Also, indicated that significant
decreased in reduction of parasitemia using 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml concentration.
Table 1: Average percentage parasitamea at various concentrations of plant distillate and control
drugs against P. falciparum (clinical strain) on in-vitro assay
Conc ug/l 1.56 3.13 6.25 12.5 25 50 100

Control 2.31±0.13 2.31±0.14 2.22±0.42 1.79±0.41 1.53±0.2 1.23±0.12 0.87±0.1

Neem 1.58±0.24 1.47±0.23 1.32±0.09 0.8±0.36 0.61±0.27 0.45±0.03 0.19±0.03
NUC 1.58±0.3 1.43±0.18 1.16±0.36 0.81±0.2 0.63±0.16 0.4±0.17 0.21±0.03
Artemisia 1.48±0.13 1.27±0.07 1.12±0.1 0.76±0.16 0.51±0.2 0.39±0.1 0.21±0.04
vernonia 1.24±0.12 1.12±0.04 0.9±0.3 0.64±0.17 0.54±0.09 0.38±0.14 0.21±0.09
Chloroquin
e 1.61±0.17 1.56±0.07 1.39±0.09 0.95±0.17 0.67±0.31 0.55±0.09 0.2±0.06
Artemisin 1.42±0.13 1.29±0.16 1.12±0.01 0.81±0.17 0.57±0.25 0.37±0.1 0.22±0.04

Values are mean ± SD; Values with the same letter in the same column are not significantly different with Tukey’s multiple range
Test (TMRT), p>0.05.

The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is the most widely used and informative
measure of a drug's efficacy. It indicates how much drug is needed to inhibit a biological process
by half, thus providing a measure of potency of an antagonist drug in pharmacological research.
Determining of antimalarial activity based on the fifty percent of growth inhibitory (IC50) of the
treated extract. The IC50 is the concentration of crude treated drug which inhibit the growth
biological process until fifty percent. In this investigation the most interesting in vivo
antimalarial activity was found in the concentration inhibition 50 (IC50 = 0.927µg) of vernonia
extract, followed by artemisin, chloroquine, NUC, Neem extract and artemisia.
Table 2: The IC50 Value of different extract o the growth of P. falciparum
Treatment IC50 (µg/ml) R-
Square
Neem 2.743 0.9648
Artemisia 3.169 0.9399
Chloroquine 2.161 0.9952
NUC 2.582 0.9954
Vernonia 0.927 0.9675
Artemisin 2.111 0.9862

90

80
f(x)
f(x) == 21.7731529619224
20.8308570197012x xx+ ++26.8839408275099
15.6226988694149
24.339476882083
25.4917086353597 33.0865674158386
44.6698880063378
24.2791669250188
33.4374202057061
70 R² = 0.986179371560791
0.96732282082825
R² 0.994439398255409
f(x)= =0.964788748533957
0.995174200954582
24.8495348198391 x + 21.0275554157139
R² = 0.939855914189253
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Neem Linear (Neem) Chloroquine

Linear (Chloroquine) NUC Linear (NUC)
Artemisia Linear (Artemisia) Linear (Artemisia)
vernonia Linear (vernonia) Linear (vernonia)
Artemisin Linear (Artemisin) Linear (Artemisin)

Fig 1: The IC50 Models of various distillate and the control drugs against P. falciparum
(clinical strain)