6.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY (CONTECH)

Construction technology (CONTECH) is the official name for the skills and technology
involved in the construction industry. It refers to the collection of innovative tools,
machinery, modifications, software used during the construction phase of a project that
enables advancement in field construction methods, including semi- automated and
automated construction equipment.
Some of the latest trends in construction technology include the increased use of
prefabricated parts, using computers to design buildings, and using green technology to
construct eco-friendly structures.
One way construction firms are improving productivity is through offsite construction.
There are two forms of offsite construction: modular and prefabrication. Modular
construction is where workers will build entire rooms equipped with all appliances offsite
before the section is transported, inserted, and attached to the building. Prefabrication is
similar to modular where components are built offsite in a similar fashion, but rather than
rooms the components are usually sections like frames, wall panels, and floor systems.
Another way CONTECH is changing the industry is through improvements in safety and
training. New technology like virtual reality and augmented reality are helping to improve
safety by allowing workers to practice being in certain potentially dangerous environments
like operating cranes and other heavy machinery to performing welding work. 
Wearable (PPE) are also being used to improve worker safety by monitoring their
movements and helping to define construction site hazards. Geofencing allows safety
supervisors to establish restricted areas that alert workers when they have walked into
hazardous zones, and e-textiles can monitor important measures like heart rate and skin
temperature on workers. These wearable will allow supervisors and workers to help
prevent and predict an accident before it happens.
6.1 STRUCTURAL WORKS
6.1.1 Earthwork in Excavation
Machine excavation will be done for excavation for footing, foundation trenches and other
related works. Code of safety confirming to IS 3764: 1992 or other relevant standards will be
used. Trenches deeper than 1.5m shall be securely shored and timbered. Sheet piling will be
done wherever necessary.
 Fig: Illustrative sketch of showing timbering in loose soil

6.1.2 Earthwork in filling:

The filler material for granular material compacted having a dry density of 95% shall be used.

6.2. Substructure R.C.C works

6.2.1. Raft slab
All reinforced cement concrete works for raft supported pile, column, basement retaining
wall, plinth beam shall be done using recommended batching plants set up at the site. The
grade of reinforced concrete for different varying members shall be decided as per structural
design taking into account the geological condition at the site. For the purpose of mix
proportioning design mix shall be used. The mix material such as aggregate and sand will be
tested and approved by the consultant’s team prior to use. Reinforced bars of grade HYSD-
500 confirming to relevant IS and NBC will be used. For formworks, either 19mm
waterproof plywood or steel formwork will be used wherever necessary.

6.2.2 Retaining wall, Columns and beams

All reinforced cement concrete works column, basement retaining wall, plinth beam shall be
done using batching plants set up at the site. The grade of reinforced concrete for different
varying members shall be decided as per structural design and for the purpose of mix
proportioning design mix shall be used. The mix material such as aggregate and sand will be
tested and approved by the consultant’s team prior to use. Reinforced bars of grade HYSD-
500 confirming to relevant IS and NS standard shall be used. For formworks, either 19mm
waterproof plywood or steel formwork shall be used wherever necessary. All the anchorage
of joints between the R.C.C structure and metal structure will be fixed at plinth level with
design and drawings.

6.2.3 Substructure infill works (Basement)

For the purpose of infill works, periphery wall shall be R.C.C retaining walls and all internal
walls shall be brickworks, if necessary. Basement shear walls shall be made waterproof by
pressure grouting with suitable chemicals.
6.2.4 Superstructure –Steel Structure
Yield strength of all steel section shall be 345 MPa.
1. Frame and deck slab
Structural Steel shall be used for all structural members including beam, column and
staircase. Member size and grade of structural steel shall be as per structural design. The
flooring system shall consist of folded metal decking over which reinforcement cement
concrete will be laid with shear studs. As per design and specification appropriate fire
proofing and anti-rust treatment shall be applied for all structure.
2 Steel Column
Steel columns will be made of IS standard steel sections confirming IS 800, IS 808, IS814
and other relevant IS standards. Fabrication of all the structural steel elements shall be from
the factory.
3 Beam
Steel beam will be made of IS standard steel I-sections confirming IS 800, IS 808, IS814 and
other relevant IS standards
4 Roof
Steel space truss shall be used for the roofing works.
5 Bolts and Nuts
For splicing of any structural member wherever required HSFG bolts and nuts of properties
grade-8.8 and above confirming to I 3757 and IS 6623 :2004 respectively shall be used. All
anchor bolts shall be of property class of 8.8. and above and nuts shall confirm to IS: 1363
6 Washers
For HSFG bolts, washer shall be confirming to IS: 6649 (1985). Plain washers shall be
confirming to IS 5369, unless otherwise specified.
All the joints of the steel structure elements will be tested such as torque test, pull test, shear
test, etc.

Apron shall be made of cement concrete rigid pavement, taxiway and car parking area shall
be made of flexible pavement using asphalt material. All kerbs in the landside area of
building shall consists of interlocking heavy duty tiles for floor portion.

6.3 ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

6.3.1 Design Concept

The design of the terminal building is a modern concept featuring steel and glass as the
main materials used for the construction. The terminal building will be equipped with high
quality utilities for HVAC, Electrical, etc. The final output will be delivered during the
Final Design Phase.

"Namaste" a sign of welcome and goodbye has been interpreted into our design
concept for the facade. This feature will be used both on Landside and Airside. Namaste
allows two individuals to come together energetically to a place of connection and
timelessness. The design interprets the definition and the function of the concept into the
facade treatment.
6.3.2 Elevated Road for T2

 We have approximately 160.0 meter or so from the edge of the TB to the entry / exit
gates of the main road/within that space there is a provision of storm water drainage etc.
in the right of way of 21.5 m from the edge of the road (subject to confirmation), car
park and internal roads.
 The length between the outer edge of the kerb and the edge of the internal road in front
of the car park is approximately 86.0 m. In that 86.0 m. length we can easily go up to 1.5
m high (proposed plinth level of the TB)
 The elevated road and the kerb @ 1. 5 m AGL will be constructed over the filled up and
compacted earth retained by RCC retaining walls.
 The elevated road shall be of RCC construction with construction joints at every 30.0 m.
 The road will be illuminated by few high level masts having LED lights. These masts
will be supported on the ground over the designed pedestals.
 There could be low level illumination on the edges of the road illuminating the road
surface only.
 This road will merge with kerb and allied facilities like VIP entrances and Employee /
Staff entries.

6.3.3 Main building T2

6.3.3.1 Structural
 Will be on the raft and pile foundation over the filled up earth, the details will be
provided by structural engineer at the details design stage.
 RCC stub columns of required design will be provided with pre designed steel bolts
protruding above the finished floor level by about 450 mm or so.
 Proposed steel structure (preferably tubular) will be pre -engineered off site and
assembled and erected and painted at site with strict supervision. This approach will
have quicker erection of structure and cost effective. The workshop where these
members are made must be inspected and certified by structural engineer and periodic
inspections are required during their fabrication at the workshop floor. Requisite tests
must be carried out during their erection and final completion of the structural system.
 Structural engineer need to review and approve detailed shop drawings prepared by the
fabricator on the basis of the drawings issued by the structural engineer.
 Detail specification of primer coats, water retardant paints and anti corrosive paints etc
to be worked out in detail. It must be strictly adhered to by the fabricator.
6.3.3.2 Building Materials (Proposed)
 Floors – RCC deck supported on steel trusses. Preferable to have access floor system
with anti static tiles of required specification as per approval. Access floor gives
flexibility to have various power lines like electricity, clean power, telephone voice lines
etc with minimum interruptions to the layout of furniture, counters etc. The pop up
outlets flushed with the floor finish can be at about 1.5 meter c/c.
 Internal walls – shall be of sandwiched panels of fiber cement or gypsum board as per
approval having a fire rating of 60 minutes. The surfaces can be finished with wall
papers of approved quality. The total thickness shall be 85mm. The panel thickness shall
not be of less than 15mm. The gap between the two panels can be filled up with sound
resistant materials and if required with vandal proof material etc. The cavity can also be
used for wiring of services if required.
 Glazing – all external glazing will be double glazing to achieve 35 db within the
building. They are erected with designed and approved powder coated flush glazing
system. The external glazing shall not be less than 12mm thk. And shall be Solar shield
S10 or equivalent. The internal glazing shall not be less than 8mm thk. Of clear glass.
The gap between them must be at least of 25mm. to achieve the required db.
 Roofing – Shall be of light weight corrugated aluminium sandwiched panels as per
approval using kliplock or equivalent system laid to a minimum 15Deg slope or as
specified by the supplier.
A typical roof section shall consist of following items
 Standing seam sheet
 Insulation
 E Clip
 Top hat Sub purlin
 Vapour control layer
 Liner-Deck profile steel or aluminum.
6.3.3.3 Architecture elements
The design of T2 will consider these architecture elements into our concept
 Insulation
 Low U-value glazing
 LED lighting, sensors
 Permeable floor treatment/ paired with rainwater harvesting
 Roof lights/Skylights
6.3.3.4 Floor Finishing
 Floor finishes - Marble, fully vitrified glazed tiles, timber or wood flooring or any
other items as per the discussion with client will be proposed as flooring material.
 Infill walls – All infill walls including external and internal partitions for
superstructure shall be of cement board.
 Ceiling works – False celling works will be done for which gypsum boards shall be
used. Cement board will be used in places such as toilets where there is a possibility of
contact with water.
 Doors – Seasoned Salwood or aluminium or UPVC frame will be used for door frames
and the shutters same as the frames will be used.
 Windows – Aluminum shall be used for all windows and ventilators,
 Partitions – All partitions will be made of aluminum framed glazed partition except the
brick partition as where needed.
 Expansion joint treatment will be done as per requirement.
  Fire proofing – All material for windows, doors and the partitions shall be made
fireproof as per requirement.
 Painting works – All internal and external wall and ceiling surfaces shall be
painted by emulsion paints. All steel sections shall be sand blasted and painted.
 Anti-termite treatment – All building area will be given pre anti-termite
application.

6.4 MISCELLENEOUS WORKS

The detail design for facilities and utilities (HVAC, electrical, waste water management
system, solar energy, rain water harvesting, etc.) will be done following the norms and
standards in the next design phase of the project.