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المحاضرة الأولى ميكرو د. محمد رمضان
المحاضرة الأولى ميكرو د. محمد رمضان
Lecture 1
– Definition of Microbiology
– History of Microbiology
– Taxonomy
– Morphological Study of Bacteria
– Bacterial physiology
– Bacterial Metabolism
– Bacterial growth and multiplication
– Bacterial Genetics
Microbiology
Microbiology
study of organisms too small to be seen by the
naked eye.
Microbes or Microorganisms
commonly referred to as “germs” or “bugs”
include bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa
and helminthes.
Prions (“infectious proteins”) are recent
addition.
Branches of Study
diphtheria bacillus.
Arrangement of the Bacterial Cell
Bacteria
Bacterial diversity
There is no natural environment that is free from bacteria
Bacterial diversity can be seen in terms of
variation in cell size and shape (morphology),
adaptation to environmental extremes, survival strategies,
and metabolic capabilities.
Such diversity allows bacteria to grow in a multiplicity of
environments ranging from
hot sulphur springs (65°C) to deep freezers (–20°C), from
high (pH 1) to low (pH 13) acidity and high (0.7 M) to low
osmolarity (water).
Bacteria
Bacteria are widely distributed in nature, and
according to their habitat and way of living they are
described as:
1) Saprophytic. 2) Parasitic.
Parasitic bacteria are classified into:
1. Pathogenic.
2. Commensals (i.e. normal flora).
Structure of the Bacterial Cell
• It is also an obvious target for antibiotics that can attack and kill
bacteria without harm to the host.