e g u m e n t a r

I n t y
S y s t e m
Group 1
The skin and its
derivatives (sweat and oil
glands, hair and nails)
serve a number of
functions, mostly
protective; together,
these organs are called
the integumentary
system.
 Structure of
the Skin

The skin is composed of two kinds of tissue: the

outer epidermis and the underlying dermis.

Epidermis

The outer epidermis composed of stratified squamous

epithelium that is capable of keratinizing or becoming hard

and tough.
Your epidermis is the outermost layer of skin on your body. It

protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces

new skin cells and contains melanin, which determines the color of

your skin.
Dermis

The underlying dermis is mostly made up of dense connective tissue.

(DER-mis) The inner layer of the two main layers of the skin. The dermis

has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair

follicles, and other structures. It is made up of a thin upper layer called

the papillary dermis, and a thick lower layer called the reticular dermis.
Pap il l ary lay er

The papillary layer is the upper dermal region; it is uneven and has

peglike projections from its superior surface called dermal papillae,

which indent the epidermis above and contain capillary loops

which furnish nutrients to the epidermis; it also has papillary

patterns that form looped and whorled ridges on the epidermal

surface that increase friction and enhance the gripping ability of

the fingers and feet.

Retic ul a r lay er

The reticular layer is the deepest skin layer; it contains blood

vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors called

Pacinian corpuscles.
Col l a gen

Collagen fibers are responsible for the toughness of the dermis;

they also attract and bind water and thus help to keep the skin

hydrated.

El ast ic F ibers

Elastic fibers give the skin its elasticity when we are young, and as

we age, the number of collagen and elastic fibers decreases and

the subcutaneous tissue loses fat.

Bl ood Vessels

The dermis is abundantly supplied with blood vessels that play a role in

maintaining body temperature homeostasis; when body temperature is high, the

capillaries of the dermis becomes engorged, or swollen, with heated blood, and

the skin becomes reddened and warm; if the environment is cool, blood bypasses

the dermis capillaries temporarily, allowing internal body temperature to stay

high.

Nerve Sup p ly

The dermis also has a rich nerve supply; many of the nerve endings have

specialized receptor end-organs that send messages to the central nervous

system for interpretation when they are stimulated by environmental factors.

 Functions of

Integumentary System

APRIL LYN C.CANOY

PHYSICAL PROTECTION

Given that the integumentary is the covering of the

human body, its most apparent function is physical

protection.
The skin itself is a tightly knit network of cells, with

each layercontributing to its strength.

It protects your body from infection and injuries

you could get from your external environment.

It's your body's coat of armor and the first line of

defense against viruses, bacteria and other

microbes. It shields your body from harmful light

and helps regulate your body temperature.

 IMMUNITY

The skin is the body’s first line of defense as it

acts as the physical barrier that prevents direct
entry of pathogens.
Cells are connected through junction proteins with
reinforcement by keratin filaments
 WOUND H E A LING

Wh en our bod y und er go es tr au m a with a

resul tin g in jury , th e integu ment a ry
sy stem orc h estrates th e wo u nd hea lin g
p rocess t h rough h emo stasis,
infl ammat ion , p ro l if er atio n, and
remod elin g.
VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS

The primary sources of vitamin D are sun

exposure and oral intake.

With ultraviolet sunlight exposure, 7-

dehydrocholesterol converts to vitamin D3

(cholecalciferol) in the skin.

Cholecalciferol is then hydroxylated in the

liver, then kidney into its active metabolite

form, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (calcitriol).

REGUL ATION OF BO DY T E MP E RAT U RE /

T H ERMOR E G ULA T I O N

T h e skin h as a lar ge su r f ace ar ea tha t is hig hly

vascul a riz ed , which al l o ws it to co n s erve a n d
rel ease heat t h rou gh v aso co nstrictio n a n d

vasod il a tion , res p ectiv el y .

Wh en bod y temper atu r es r ise, b lo o d ves s els

d il ate t o in c rease b l o o d f l o w and ma x imiz e the

d issip ation of h eat.

 SENSATI ON

Skin inn ervat ion is b y v ar io u s se n s o ry n erve

end in gs th at d isc r im inate p ain, t empera ture,
touch , a n d vibra tio n. signal s th at ca n be
in tegrated t o c reate an u nd er sta n din g o f the
ex tern al en vironment and h el p the bo dy to
react a p p rop riatel y .
 Burns, Skin cancer
and Effects of aging
on the Integumentary
system
by: Ayala & Baldapan
burns & skin cancer
SKIN CAN DEVELOP OVER 1000 DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS AND AILMENTS
MANY INTERNAL DISEASES REVEAL THEMESELVES ON
SKIN
 burns
It is a tissue damage that results from heat,
overexposure to the sun or other radiation,
or chemical or electrical contact.
 degrees
first-degree burn second-degree
third-degree burn
burn

(superficial burns) are (partial thickness burns) (full thickness burns)

mild compared to other affect the epidermis and go through the dermis
burns. the dermis (lower layer of and affect deeper
skin). tissues.
 Burns are considered critical if;
25% of the body has 2nd-degree burn
10% of the body has 3rd-degree burn

Treatment includes:
Debridement (removal) of burned skin
Antibiotics
Temporary Covering
Skin grafts
 skin cancer
the abnormal growth of skin cells — most often develops
on skin exposed to the sun. But this common form of
cancer can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily
exposed to sunlight.
 cancer

Where skin cancer

develops

Skin cancer typically appears in sun-exposed regions of the body, such as

the scalp, face, lips, ears, neck, chest, arms, and hands in women, as well as

the legs. But it can also develop on parts of your body that are
infrequently exposed to sunlight, such as your palms, the skin just below
your finger or toenail, and your genital region.
 three major types
of skin cancer
basal cell squamous cell melanoma
carcinoma carcinoma
a type of skin cancer that of the skin is the second most the most serious type of skin
most often develops on areas common form of skin cancer, cancer, develops in the cells
of skin exposed to the sun, characterized by abnormal, (melanocytes) that produce
such as the face. accelerated growth of melanin — the pigment that
squamous cells. gives your skin its color.
 Effects of aging on the
Integumentary system

With aging, the epidermis and dermis adhere less tightly and the
subcutaneous tissue thins, thereby making the skin feel looser
and more likely to wrinkle and ulcerate.
 Loss of collagen and elastin, proteins that help the skin
maintain its elasticity and tone, contribute to the
thinning, sagging, and wrinkling of the skin, which we
recognize as signs of aging. In primary aging, normal
thinning of the epidermis combined with fragile capillaries
and loss of fatty tissue increase the risk of bruising in
older adults.
 Integumentary
system
Diseases & disorders

Presented by: Aj BOLONG & CASONETE

Skin
Largest organ of body
First line of protection for body against invading organisms
Provides sense of touch, heat, cold, and pain
Helps stabilize temperature, fluid, and electrolyte balance
Three Layers:
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
The Epidermis outerlayer has five layers
The cells of this layer are call stratified squamous epithelial cells
Most of these cells call keratinocytes and melanocytes
Melanocytes contain melanin, skin-coloring pigment
Dermis is the deeper layer
Consist of connective tissue and a variety of cell shapes
Blood vessels and nerves are in this layer
Subcutaneous layer is deeper than dermis
Blood vessels and fat cells protect against cold
Embedded in the dermis and extending to the epidermis are the
sebaceous,apocrine, and endocrine sweat glands
Sebaceous produce oil called sebum
Apocine are located in areas of the axilla, breast, umbilicus,
anus, and genital areas
Eccrine are found throughout the body and help regulate
heat
Hair follicles in dermal layer - extend through epidermis
text
Com mon Sign s
and Sy m p t om s
Cyst Ulcer
Skin L esion s
Pain
Pruritus
Ed ema Macule Bulla

Ery them a
I nfl a m m at ion
Vesicle Wheal
 Infectious Diseases:
viral
H erp es
Large family of viruses
Sy mp t oms
Inflammation of skin
clusters or fluid-filled vesicles
Period s of remis sio n and exacer b a tio n
No cure
Remains in affected individual's body for life
Verrucae
Also known as warts
Chronic condition
Occur in multiples and differ in size, shape,
and appearance
Often resistant to treatment
Types
Appearance on hands and fingers of children
Commom warts
Appearance on sole of foot
Plantar warts
Sexually transmitted
Genital warts
 Infectious Diseases:
Bacterial
Impetigo
Highly contagious skin disease
Affects face and hands of children
Cause:
Streptococcus and
staphylococcus
Symptoms:
Vesicles
Pustules that rupture
producing yellow crust over
lesions
Treatment
Cleansing
Antibiotic ointment
 infectious disease:
Parasitic
Pediculosis
I n f e s t a t i on w i t h l i ce
T y p e s o f l i c e : h e a d , b od y , p u b i c
S y m p t o ms :
S e v e r e i t ch i n g
T r e a t m e nt :
E r a d i c a t i ng p e d i c ul o s i s i s d i f f i c u l t
B a t h i n g an d s h a m po o i n g w i t h m e d i c ated
shampoo
E.g., Kwell
D r y c l e a ni n g o r w as h i n g a l l c l o t h i n g
C l e a n i n g a n d t r e a ti n g f u r n i t u r e
 metabolic diseases
Acne vulgaris
Inflammation of sebaceous glands
and hair follicles
Cause:
Metabolic, occurs at puberty
Symptoms:
Comedones, blackhead
Treatment:
Cleansing
Over-the-counter (OTC)
treatments
In severe cases, antibiotics,
steroids, and Retin-A preparations
 h a n k y o u !
T Albania
Ayala
Baldapan
Bolong
Canoy
Casonete

Group 1