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Design Equations For Venturi Scrubbers

pvenkateswarlu
Yesterday, 10:30 PM
26 January 2014

Posted by ankur2061
in
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tS d w o r

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11 Dec 2022 - 16:55

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Open Suyash

09 Dec 2022 - 05:06

Dear All,

rajacreation
 

08 Dec 2022 - 12:49

Many of you involved in engineering and design of wet scrubbing systems are already familiar with “Venturi
Scrubbers”.

Venturi Scrubbers are primarily designed to control fine particulate matter (PM) from gaseous streams. Before
releasing waste gases that contain PM to the atmosphere, these gases are treated using venturi scrubbers to remove PM.
Generally the effective range of PM removal is from 10 microns to 2.5  microns. They are also capable of some incidental
control of “Volatile Organic Compounds”, which, however is not their primary function. They can also be used for capturing
high solubility gases which have good solubility with the sprayed liquid.

Venturi scrubbers have high efficiencies when capturing PM in the range of 0.5-5 micron.

Venturi scrubbers have following typical industrial applications:

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Research Paper Editing

Author services from Springer Nature.

Nature Research Editing Open

a. Boiler waste gases utilizing coal, oil, biomass and liquid waste

b. Metal Processing – Iron & Steel, Aluminum

c. Wood, Pulp & Paper Industry

d. Chemical Industries

e. Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

For a detailed description on venturi scrubbers refer the Wikipedia link below:

http://en.wikipedia....enturi_scrubber

Today’s blog entry relates to some design equations for evaluating liquid droplet diameter, collection efficiency, throat velocity,
throat diameter, throat length and pressure drop for venturi scrubbers:

Liquid Mean Droplet Size or Sauter Mean Diameter

Nukiyama & Tanasawa Correlation

dl = (0.000585/vr)*sqrt(σ/ρl) + 0.0597*(µl /sqrt(σ/ρl))^0.45*(Ql/Qg)^1.5

where:

dl = mean droplet diameter, m

vr = relative velocity of gas to liquid, m/s = vg –vl ≈vg

Note: In most cases, the gas velocity is much higher than the liquid velocity and vr may be considered equal to vg

σ = liquid surface tension, N/m

ρl = liquid density, kg/m3

µl = liquid viscosity, Pa.s

Ql = volumetric flow rate of liquid, m3/s

Qg = volumetric flow rate of liquid, m3/s

Boll et. al Correlation

dl = (0.042 +0.00565*(1000*Ql / Qg)) / vr^1.602

Collection Efficiency

η = 1 – e^(-k*R*sqrt(ψ))----(1)

where:

η = collection efficiency of the venture scrubber, fraction

k = correlation coefficient whose value depends on system geometry and operating conditions (typically 0.1-0.2)

R = liquid-to-gas ratio, m3/1000 m3

ψ = inertial impaction parameter, dimensionless

Note: R values between 0.936 m3/1000 m3 and 1.337 m3/1000 m3 provide optimum collection efficiency

ψ = C*dp^2*ρp*vt / (9*µg*dl)-----(2)

where:

C = Cunningham Slip correction factor, dimensionless

C = 1 + (0.000621*Tg / (dp*10^6))-----(3)

Tg = inlet gas absolute temperature, K

dp = particle diameter, m

ρp = particle density, kg/m3

vt = throat velocity, m/s

µg = gas viscosity, Pa.s

dl = liquid mean droplet diameter, m

Normally collection efficiency is an input, so re-writing equation (1) in terms of ψ:

ψ = (ln(1-η) /(k*R))^2-----(4)

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Since we want to know the throat velocity, re-writing equation (2) in terms of vt:

vt = ψ*9*µg*dl / (C*dp^2*ρp)-----(5)

Throat Length

lt = 369.561*R^0.293 / vt^1.127

where:

lt = throat length, m

R = liquid-to-gas ratio in L/m3 (to convert m3/1000 m3 to L/m3 multiply m3/1000 m3 with 0.001)

vt = throat velocity, m/s

Throat Area

At = Qg / vt

where:

At = throat area, m2

Qg = process gas flow rate, m3/s

vt = throat velocity, m/s

Pressure Drop in Venturi Scrubbers (Hesketh Equation)

ΔP = 0.532*vt^2*ρg*At^0.133*(0.56 + 16.6*(Ql/Qg) + 40.7*(Ql/Qg)^2)

where:

ΔP = Pressure drop, Pa

vt = throat velocity, m/s

ρg = gas density downstream of throat, kg/m3

At = throat area, m2

Ql = volumetric flow rate of liquid, m3/s

Qg = volumetric flow rate of gas, m3/s

Hope the readers of this blog entry have now some idea about the design equations related to venturi scrubbers. Please note
that the liquid-to-gas ratios are basically ratios and any set of volumetric flow rate units may be used as long as they are
consistent for both liquid and gas.

The entire blog entry has been a compilation from various resources related to Venturi scrubbers. However the following
resources can be referenced from the links provided below:

http://web2.clarkson... Dev_120408.pdf

http://tean.teikoz.g...ations/12_3.pdf

http://books.google....bber Pa&f=false

I will try my best to provide answers to any questions raised. All these equations are programmable in an excel spreadsheet.

Regards,

Ankur.

  

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17 Comments

really great article.means alot to me.Thanks Sir

Engineer87

Feb 05 2014 06:38 PM

Good News! Thks.

Regards
alfredopinillos

Feb 06 2014 09:41 AM

Thanx a lot, Great Work

motaleby

Feb 07 2014 12:15 AM

Thank You sir, The information you have provide in the blog is correct. We have use Venturi
scrubber in our project for Uranium project for high pressure vessel.  Design is different but the
sridharkintali
concept is same. The hot vapour/air comes from vessel which contains inert gases which is above
Feb 21 2014 11:14 PM 160 oC  and sent to the Venturi for scrubber purpose. Here we reduce the pressure drop of
vapor/air and also the temperature before venting with normal water at atmospheric temp. Here
basic parameter like temperatue, Pressure, and PH of the coolent takes place.

Dear Sir,
 
Shishir Vikash Singh
What will be the general collection efficiency range for the venturi scrubbers? Is there any way to
Mar 05 2014 03:02 AM measure throat velocity of an installed venturi scrubber?
 
Will be looking forward to your reply.
 
Regards
Shishir Vikash Singh

Shishir Vikash Singh, on 05 Mar 2014 - 1:42 PM, said:

ankur2061

Dear Sir,
Mar 05 2014 04:09 AM
 
What will be the general collection efficiency range for the venturi scrubbers? Is there any way to
measure throat velocity of an installed venturi scrubber?
 
Will be looking forward to your reply.
 
Regards
Shishir Vikash Singh

Shishir,
 
Generally for well designed scrubbers the collection efficiency is >98%. Collection efficiency
depends on the following factors:
 
1. Higher the throat velocity, better the collection density. However, increasing the throat velocity
beyond a certain value does not increase the collection efficiency. Studies show that that optimal

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gas velocity in the throat are from 70-90 m/s.
2. Higher the contaminant particle size greater will be the collection efficiency. For contaminant
particles over 5 microns, the efficiency is >99%.
3. Increase in Liquid-to-gas Ratios ® increases the collection efficiency. The optimum 'R' values
have been provided in the main blog article.
 
Based on the equation given in the blog article, you need the inputs to calculate the throat velocity.
I am not sure if you can make theoretical calculations for throat velocity of an installed venturi
scrubber. It might definitely be possible to measure the actual throat velocity by providing some
measurement instrument. However, I do not have much idea of any such on-line measurement.
Maybe, the supplier of the complete venturi scrubber package would be able to provide some
guidance.
 
Hope this helps.
 
Regards,
Ankur

The information which you shared was really helpful. Thanks a lot
 
Shishir Vikash Singh
Regards
Mar 05 2014 10:10 PM Shishir

Thanks sir for the valuable information, however please guide me a bit further as I am designing a
venturi scrubber for removal of particulate matter (218 mg/m3) from air at 1.6 m3/s.
Arif Shahzad
 
Feb 23 2015 04:47 AM I have assumed "Vr" (Liquid-Gas relative velocity) to be same as "Vt" (Throat velocity), am I right in
making this assumption?
Droplet size is dependent upon "Vr", while suited "Vt" depends upon droplet size (dl), so I have
used iterative approach to converge at
"Vr" or "Vt" = 86 m/s
"dl" = 0.82 micrometer
throat length is calculated to be 2.5 meters, isn't it on higher side a bit?
 
I have taken "R = 1.2 m3/1000m3", "k = 0.15", "PM removal efficiency = 0.98 (fraction)"
Also I haven't yet included the factor of vaporization losses of injected water due to high air
temperature.
 
I would be grateful if you can take a look at the excel spreadsheet in which I am doing these
calculations.
 
Regards,
Arif

Dear Sir,
     Thanks for valuable information ragarding scrubber.
Rajesh910
     I want to design the ventury scrubber for biomass gasifier.Can you please send me some data
Apr 07 2015 11:43 PM sheets/pdf for that?
 
     Thanking You.
 
email:rajeshpawar910@gmail.com

Rajesh910, on 08 Apr 2015 - 10:23 AM, said:

ankur2061

Dear Sir,
Apr 08 2015 02:00 AM
     Thanks for valuable information ragarding scrubber.
     I want to design the ventury scrubber for biomass gasifier.Can you please send me some data
sheets/pdf for that?
 
     Thanking You.
 
email:rajeshpawar910@gmail.com

Your question is not clear. Which datasheets / pdf do you want?

 
Regards,
Ankur.

Dear Sir,

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Rajesh910
I am doing my BE project in Ventury scrubber design.As i am from Mechanical background,i have
Apr 08 2015 11:19 PM very less info.about this.So if you have previously done excel sheet/pdf of ventury scrubber design
then that is very helpfull for me and that gives exact direction to my project work.
My project topic is "Design of Ventury scrubber for 1Mw biomass gasifier plant."
 
Yours faithfully
Rajesh Pawar

Rajesh910, on 09 Apr 2015 - 09:59 AM, said:

ankur2061

Dear Sir,
Apr 09 2015 12:40 AM
I am doing my BE project in Ventury scrubber design.As i am from Mechanical background,i have very
less info.about this.So if you have previously done excel sheet/pdf of ventury scrubber design then that
is very helpfull for me and that gives exact direction to my project work.
My project topic is "Design of Ventury scrubber for 1Mw biomass gasifier plant."
 
Yours faithfully
Rajesh Pawar

Rajesh,
 
The article is good enough to generate your own excel spreadsheet. Do that and I can review your
work and point out any corrections if required. Please do not expect a ready-made spreadsheet.
 
Regards,
Ankur.

hi sir,

i noticed that the design was based on dry gas,the process i am working on produce a humid
saymo
air(12%) how can i do the calculation taking account on that .

Apr 10 2015 04:41 PM i would also to know how to calculate all venturi dimension(Lconv,Ldiv,angles..)

Thank you.

Dear Sir,
 
Rajesh910
      Firstly thanks for all data provided by you for Ventury Scrubber.I need your help for designing of
May 27 2015 01:47 AM Tray Scrubber for tar removal from product gas outlet of biomass gasifier.
     So this is my humble request to you if you have any pdf/lietrature regarding plate/tray scrubber
please send me.
 
Thanking You
Rajesh Pawar

Dear sir, I need help finding the converging and diverging angles of the throat of a venturi scrubber
and also the diameter of the nozzle and the inlet and outlet diameter of a Venturi scrubber. so far I
Kofi.b5
have the Vt Qw Qg Lt At Ld from using Calvert's model
Thank you, Kofi Kwakyi
Feb 07 2017 06:38 PM

Dear Sir,
 
varster
Thank you for bringing this discussion.
Mar 22 2017 02:28 PM  
First, I would like to know under which operational conditions these equations are a decent fit since
most are correlations.
 
These equations are a good approach for particulates, but they do not describe absorption of
volatiles or high solubility gases.
Are there any good references on this matter?
 
Venturi Scrubbers are sometimes used to absorb gases such as CO2 or SO3 for instance, but
there is lack of literature on venturis as absorbers.
 
It is known that venturis have limited efficiency to absorb gases, but they are used for such in
several cases - surprisingly with few output control as they lack proper understanding and
dimensioning.
 
Cheers!

Hello Dear Sir,

Thanks for your great information,according to lt = 369.561*R^0.293 / vt^1.127 , I
AliMoh

calculated throat length for a venturi Scrubber(Q=50000m3/hr , Q liquid=65m3/hr, vt=75m/sec),

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Oct 08 2022 07:59 AM and result is about 3 meters. is it right?
and could you please inform me about the reference of this formula?
 
Best Regards,

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