Student Name: Nimra Hassan____________________

Student Id: 2062-2020___________________________

Department: Bachelor's of Media Science___________

Semester: 4th_________________________________

Year: 2022____________________________________

Subject: Islamiat and Pakistan Studies ____ ______

Course Instructor: Sir Owais Anwer_______________

Batch: 2020 _________________________________

- The situation of economy of Pakistan in the light of budget
2021

On June 11th, 2021, Shaukat Tareen, the finance minister, released the 2021
budget. Numerous economic downturns, high inflation, poor export and
investment rates, and weak GDP growth were all observed throughout the last
year. The government of Pakistan made several risky moves to boost the
country's economy, but they also encountered many obstacles and difficulties.
Combating COVID-19 and managing the economy at the same time was one of
the main challenges. Although the government implemented partial and full
lockdowns and made sure that the commercial side didn't properly grind to a
standstill, it nevertheless managed to combat the Covid-19 quite well.

The entire budgetary outlay for 2021 was 8 trillion Pakistani rupees, while the
overall spending for the next year remained at 8.478 trillion, up from 7.64
trillion the year before. The budget also includes funds for environmental,
water, social safety, and poverty programme initiatives, with an inflation target
of 8.23%.
The budget's top targets include sustaining sustainable economic development,
boosting employment, and continuing COVID-19 impact management as well
as efforts for the underprivileged like PM IMRAN KHAN's EHSAAS
programme.

The business community and investors fiercely opposed the government's

introduction of a high tax policy. They objected to the government's rapacious
tactics, which choke off the economy. The government also upped the budgeted
amount for the billion tress tsunami from ten million Pakistani rupees to
fourteen million. The country is now experiencing the effects of climate change,
hence the government has made this extremely important move in the direction
of the environmental sector.
ICT sectors were free from sales tax, and automobiles with 850cc and less are
not subject to VAT, which helps to boost the manufacturing of cars as middle
class households are very concerned about tiny cars.
To assist the expansion of agriculture, 12 billion was provided to the sector and
other reforms, such as the KISSAN programme, were implemented. The higher
education market was given 66 billion.
The price of petroleum, which is already heavily subsidised and is a major issue
for the government, has to be raised by 20 to 30 PKR on a regular basis owing
to the widening price disparity caused by rising oil prices elsewhere in the globe
from where we sell it. However, the government effectively managed this issue
and kept the price of petrol at or near 150 PKR.

After taking the budget for 2021 into consideration, the GDP began to rise
gradually, and Pakistan was laying the groundwork for an economy that would
expand steadily and sustainably.
The primary cause of Pakistan's political unrest is its persistently unstable
economy, which was most negatively impacted by the slump that occurred after
the PM was toppled. The GDP decreased to almost 6%, inflation skyrocketed,
fuel prices increased, all the introduced schemes came to an end, numerous
large corporations withdrew money from Pakistan and ceased operations,
factories are shutting down due to high tax rates, and the middle class in
Pakistan was forced to descend into the lower class.

In conclusion, the political authorities of Pakistan stopped all the growth that
was occurring and once again plunged the country into a severe economic crisis.

- The fundamental customs of marriage in different religions.

Every religion has its own set of values, customs, and ethical standards. Every
faith accepts marriage, but they all approach it differently. Let's talk about
Islamic wedding customs.

The Nikkah ritual, in which a scholar asks the bride and groom if they agree to
get married or not, is the first step in the Islamic marriage procedures. Then they
are instructed to sign papers that effectively serve as a marriage contract with
provisions like HAQ MEHER. After the nikkah rite, the bride and groom are
formally wed. The bride's side conducts the BAARAT ceremony after that.
After spending time with the newlyweds, the guests are welcomed to supper.
After the wedding, the bride and groom leave while her family says farewell to
them. The VALIMA ceremony, which is primarily the responsibility of the
groom's side, comes next. The bride and the groom are both dressed formally
for this occasion. This is essentially the reception party. The bride and the pair
are very in love. The extended family, friends, and acquaintances of the groom
are presented to the bride. There is a large feast, as well as presents, joy, and
dancing. The newlyweds invite the visitors to join them for dinner and a photo
session.

The practises of Hinduism are quite similar to those of Islam. A paste made of
haldi is applied to the bodies of the bride and the groom during the Haldi ritual,
which is held before or early in the morning of the wedding. Distinct locations
have different names for the concoction used in the ritual, including ubtan,
mandha, tel baan, etc. Haldi ceremonies are closely related to making the bride
and groom look their best on their wedding day. Yellow is seen as fortunate and
is thus supposed to fend off evil. The next ritual is called Vidaii, when the bride
and groom sit around a fire with a pandit and listen to the pandit recite certain
passages from Hindu scripture. Then, with their dupattas tied together and a
necklace around their neck, they are ordered to circle the fire seven times. The
bride is forced to leave the ceremony with the groom, and her family sends her
off. Last but not least, a reception ceremony is held during which no formal
rituals are performed; instead, the couple's marriage is simply celebrated.

In Christianity, the ceremony is held in a church, where the priest greets the
newlyweds and reads about Christian marriage doctrine. Then the priest
demands that the couples swear before him that they would uphold each other's
honour, etc. After exchanging rings, the priest notifies the couples that they are
now legally wed. Following a kiss, the couple is required to sign a legal
document, after which they are given a marriage licence.

Speaking to Sikhism last, their pre-marriage ceremony is called the Choora

Ceremony. The bride's uncle presents her with a choora, a pair of 21 bangles in
red and cream, during this unusual ceremony. Then, yoghurt, milk, and
rosewater are used to wash this choora. The bride is then instructed to close her
eyes while her uncle places the choora on her hands as the entire crowd sings
along to traditional folk music. The bride's uncle places the choora and then
covers it with a shawl (subar), signifying the bride leaving her family and home.
The bride then participates in the Doli ceremony while wearing the outfit and
jewels that her in-laws gave her. She then serves prepared rice to the male
family members before getting ready to go with her new family. She must throw
a handful of puffed rice, which stands for blessings and prosperity for her own
family, as she leaves the house. When the pair arrives to the bride-to-home, be's
the bride-to-mother be's greets them by pouring some oil over the door. The
groom then stops the mother from drinking water from a lota or jug. The
bridegroom finally gives up and allows the mother to sip the water after three
futile tries. With six additional female relatives, this behaviour is repeated. The
reception is then held, and the couples are formally introduced.