BAB

RUMUS ALGEBRA
03 ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE

3.1 Rumus Algebra| Algebraic Formulae

Praktis DSKP 3.1a m.s. 50

Membentuk rumus berdasarkan suatu situasi. SP 3.1.1

1 Tulis rumus algebra berdasarkan situasi yang berikut. TP2 Hebat Gangsa Modul 17
Write the algebraic formula based on the following situation.

Contoh/ Example (a) Puan Suhana membeli p karton air minuman
BAB 03

Jumlah harga yang perlu dibayar oleh Azhar yang tin untuk diagihkan kepada q orang pelajar.
membeli x buah buku kerja dan y batang pen ialah Setiap karton mengandungi 12 tin air
RMz. Harga bagi sebuah buku kerja dan sebatang minuman. Daripada jumlah air minuman tin

al
pen masing-masing ialah RM6.70 dan RM3.90. itu, 5 tin diperuntukkan untuk guru mata
The total price that needs to be paid by Azhar who bought pelajaran. Ungkapkan bilangan air minuman

iju
x workbooks and y pens is RMz. The price of a workbook tin, b, yang diterima oleh setiap pelajar dalam
and a pen are RM6.70 and RM3.90 respectively. sebutan p dan q.
z = (6.70 × x) + (3.90 × y) Puan Suhana bought p cartons of canned drinks

D
to be distributed among q students. Each carton
z = 6.7x + 3.9y z yang ditulis di sebelah kiri disebut
contains 12 cans of drinks. From the total number of
sebagai perkara rumus. h canned drinks, 5 cans were reserved for the subject
z written on the left is known as the subject
teachers. Express the number of canned drinks, b,
of the formula.
received by each student in terms of p and q.
le
TIP
Pemboleh ubah dalam formula dapat Jumlah air minuman dalam tin untuk pelajar
Bo

ditunjukkan dengan huruf, a hingga z. Total number of canned drinks for the students
A variable in a formula can be represented by 12p – 5
b=
letters, a to z. q
ak

(b) Tali pinggang A dan tali pinggang B masing- (c) Sebuah lori boleh bergerak sejauh 12 km
masing dijual pada harga RM45 dan RM92 dengan satu liter diesel. Ungkapkan kos,
setiap satu. Sebuah butik pakaian menawarkan RMx, diesel yang diperlukan untuk bergerak
d

diskaun 18% ke atas pembelian tali pinggang sejauh s km jika harga bagi satu liter diesel
itu. Li Mei membeli m tali pinggang A dan n ialah RMt.
Ti

tali pinggang B. Ungkapkan jumlah harga tali A lorry can travel as far as 12 km with
pinggang yang dibelinya, P, dalam sebutan m a litre of diesel. Express the cost, RMx, of the diesel
dan n. required to travel s km if the price of a litre of diesel
Belt A and belt B are sold at RM45 and RM92 each is RMt.
respectively. A boutique offers 18% discount on the Isi padu diesel/ Volume of diesel
purchases of the belts. Li Mei buys m belt A and n belt s
B. Express the total price of belts that Li Mei buys, P, =
12
in terms of m and of n.
82 s
P = [(m × 45) + (n × 92)] × Kos/Cost, x = ×t
100 12
= 0.82(45m + 92n) 1
= 36.9m + 75.44n x= st
12
Jawapan

TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang rumus.   3

Kata Laluan:
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14

MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 14 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 Praktis DSKP 3.1b m.s. 49
Menukar perkara rumus bagi suatu persamaan algebra. SP 3.1.2

1 Ungkapkan huruf di dalam kurungan sebagai perkara rumus. TP3

Express the letter in the bracket as the subject of the formula.

Contoh/ Example 5w
(a) 3m = 5r – 2pq (r) (b) 3x + 2 = (y)
4m = 5n – 3 (n) 7y

5r = 3m + 2pq
( 5n ) = (4m + 3)
2 2
5�
5n = (4m + 3) 2 3m + 2pq 7y =
3x + 2
(4m + 3)2 r =
n = 5 5�
5

BAB 03
y =

Perkara rumus dalam sebutan n
Subject of formula in term of n 7 (3x + 2)

7 3 7
(c) 6b = (a) (d) 8p = – 5 (q) (e) 10v = – 3 (w)

al
5–a q w
7 3 7

iju
5 – a = = 8p + 5 10v + 3 =
6b q w
7 q 1 w(10v + 3) = 7
a = 5 – =

D
6b 3 8p + 5 7
w =
3 10v + 3
q =
8p + 5
h
le
64t 2
(f) 7h = 8k + 5 (k) (g) (–8p)2 = (t)
81
Bo

TIP
( 8k )2 = (7h – 5)2 64t 2
4p =
6 2
Pekali bagi perkara rumus
8k = (7h – 5)2 81
mestilah 1.
(7h – 5)2 t 2 = 81p2 The coefficient for the subject of
k =
ak

8 t = 9p the formula must be 1.

d

TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang rumus untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.   7

Ti

Praktis DSKP 3.1c m.s. 50

Menentukan nilai suatu pemboleh ubah apabila nilai pemboleh ubah lain diberi. SP 3.1.3

1 Selesaikan yang berikut. TP3

Solve the following.
Contoh/ Example
Diberi 3x = 15y – 14z, hitung 3x = 15 ( 25 ) – 14( 27 ) (ii) nilai y apabila x = 12 dan z = 1.

the value of y when x = 12 and z = 1.
Given 3x = 15y – 14z, calculate
2 2
(i) nilai x apabila y = dan z = .
3x = 6 – 4 3(12) = 15y – 14(1)
5 7 ( 3x )2 = (2)2 36 + 14 = 15y
2 2 3x = 4 Kuasa dua pada 6 + 14 = 15y
the value of x when y = and z = . Jawapan
5 7 4 kedua-dua bahagian
x = 15y = 20
3 Squares on both sides 20 4
y = =
15 3
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MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 15 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 (a) Diberi 2m = 8d + 3, hitung (b) Diberi 5p = 8 – 3q, hitung
Given 2m = 8d + 3, calculate Given 5p = 8 – 3q, calculate
(i) nilai m apabila d = –2. (i) nilai p apabila q = –4
the value of m when d = –2. the value of p when q = –4
5p = 8 – 3(–4)
2m = 8(–2) + 3
5p = 8 + 12
2m = –16 + 3
5p = 20
2m = –13 20
p =
5
m = – 13 = 4
2
BAB 03

(ii) nilai d apabila m = 5. 1

the value of d when m = 5. (ii) nilai q apabila p = – .
5

al
1
2( 5 ) = 8d + 3 the value of q when p = –
5
.

( 15 ) = 8 – 3q

iju
10 = 8d + 3 5 –

8d = 10 – 3 –1 = 8 – 3q

D
7 3q = 8 + 1
d =
8 9
q =
h 3
= 3
le
Bo

4 2 1 (ii) nilai q apabila p = 120 dan r = 8.

(c) Diberi p = q 2 + r 2, hitung
3 5 4 the value of q when p = 120 and r = 8.
4 2 1
Given p = q 2 + r 2, calculate
3 5 4 4 2 1
ak

(120) = q2 + (8)2
(i) nilai p apabila q = 5 dan r = 4. 3 5 4

the value of p when q = 5 and r = 4.
2 2 1
4 (40) = q + (64)
d

4 2 1 5 4
p = (5)2 + (4)2
3 5 4 2 2
Ti

160 = q + 16
4 2 1 5
p = (25) + (16)
3 5 4 2 2
q = 160 – 16
4 5
p = 2(5) + 4
3 144 × 5
q2 =
4 2
p = 14
3 q2 = 360
14 × 3 q = 360
p =
4
= 10.5
Jawapan

TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang rumus untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.   6

Kata Laluan:
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16

MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 16 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 Praktis DSKP 3.1d m.s. 50
Menyelesaikan masalah yang melibatkan rumus. SP 3.1.4

1 Selesaikan masalah yang berikut.

Solve the following problems.
(a) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah segi (b) Fadzilah menjual dua jenis kek yang
empat tepat. TP4 KBAT Memahami berlainan. Harga kek coklat ialah RM4
The diagram below shows a rectangle. sepotong dan harga kek keju ialah dua
Hebat Gangsa Modul 17 kali harga kek coklat. Bersempena dengan
pembukaan cawangan baharu, dia
(8m) cm
memberikan diskaun 20% bagi semua jenis
kek. Diberi bahawa x potong kek coklat dan y
potong kek keju telah terjual.

BAB 03
(5n) cm Fadzilah sells two different types of cake. The price
of chocolate cake is RM4 per slice and the price of
(n) cm
cheese cake is twice the price of chocolate cake. In
conjuction with the opening of new branch, he gives

al
(3m) cm a 20% discount on all types of cake. Given that, x
slices of chocolate cake and y slices of cheese cake are
Kawasan berlorek dipotong dan dikeluarkan.

iju
sold. TP4 Hebat Perak Modul 17
The shaded region is cut and removed.
(i) Bina satu rumus untuk menghitung
(i) Ungkapkan luas, A cm2, bagi bahagian
jumlah jualan kek, z, dalam sebutan x
yang tertinggal dalam sebutan m dan n.

D
dan y.
Express the area, A cm2, of the remaining part
Construct a formula to calculate the total sales
in terms of m and n.
of the cakes, z, in terms of x and y.
h
A= ( 8m × 5n – ) ( 3m )
×n Harga kek coklat/ price of chocolate cake
le
= RM4
A = 40mn – 3mn Harga kek keju/ price of cheese cake
Bo

= 37 mn = RM8
80
z = (4x + 8y) ×
(ii) Hitung nilai m apabila A = 555 dan n = 3. 100
ak

Calculate the value of m when A = 555 and n = 3. = 0.8(4x + 8y)

555 = 37 × m × 3 = 3.2x + 6.4y
d

111m = 555
555
Ti

m = (ii) Hitung nilai z jika x = 50 dan y = 65.

111
Calculate the value of z if x = 50 and y = 65.
= 5
Gantikan nilai x dan y ke dalam rumus
Substitute the value of x and of y into the formula
= 3.2(50) + 6.4(65)
= RM160 + 416
= 576

Jumlah jualan kek ialah RM576.

The total sales of the cakes is RM576. Jawapan

TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang rumus dalam konteks penyelesaian
 
masalah rutin yang mudah. 4
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MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 17 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 Zon Pengukuhan Diri m.s. 50, 51

1 Tulis satu rumus algebra bagi setiap situasi yang berikut.

Write an algebraic formula for each of the following situations.

(a) A mewakili luas, x dan y (b) Sewa sebuah gelanggang (c) Pecutan, a ditakrifkan
mewakili panjang dan badminton ialah RM12 bagi sebagai beza di antara
lebar sebuah segi empat jam yang pertama. Bayaran halaju akhir, v dan halaju
tepat. Tulis satu rumus bagi jam yang seterusnya ialah awal, u dan kemudian di
yang menghubungkan A, x RM5 per jam. Tulis satu rumus bahagi dengan masa yang
dan y. yang menghubungkan jumlah diambil, t. Tulis satu rumus
A represents the area, x and bayaran, p, dan bilangan jam, h. yang menghubungkan a, v,
y represent the length and The rental of a badminton court is u dan t.
BAB 03

breadth of a rectangle. Write RM12 for the first hour. Payment Acceleration, a, is defined as
the formula that relates A, x for the subsequent hour is RM5 the difference between the
and y. per hour. Write the formula that final velocity, v and initial
relates the total payment, p, and

al
velocity, u and then divided
the number of hours, h. by the time taken, t. Write the
A= x ×y
formula that relates a, v, u

iju
p = 12 + (5 × h)
and t.
= xy = 12 + 5h
v–u

D
a =
t
h
le
2 Ungkapkan huruf di dalam kurungan sebagai perkara rumus.
Bo

Express the letter in the bracket as the subject of the formula.

2 2
(a) 2m = –5p + 3q (q) (b) 5 m – 8p = 5 q (q)


ak

3q = 2m + 5p 2m – 40p 2
= q
2m + 5p
5 5
d

q=
3 10m – 200 p = 10q
Ti

q=m– 20 p

1
7 7
(v + 2) 2 (d) f= (k)
(c) 5w = (v) 5 k–8
3

1 5
(v + 2) 2 = 15w k – 8 =
f
v + 2 = 225w2 25
k – 8 = 2
Jawapan
v = 225w2 – 2 f
25
k = +8
f2
Kata Laluan:

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18

MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 18 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 2b + 5
3 (a) Diberi 6a = , hitung nilai
b – 2c
2b + 5
Given 6a = b – 2c , calculate the value of

1 (ii) a apabila b = 6 dan c = 3b

(i) b apabila a = dan c = 4b
3 a when b = 6 and c = 3b
1
b when a = and c = 4b 2b + 5
3 6 a =
1 2b + 5 b – 2(3b)
6( ) =
3 2b + 5
b – 2( 4b ) 6 a =
b – 6b
2b + 5
2 = 2(6) + 5

BAB 03
–7b 6 a =
–5(6)
–14b = 2b + 5 17
6 a =
–30

al
14b + 2b = –5
17
a = –
16b = –5 180

iju

5
b = –
16

D
2c – d 2
(b) Diberi 9b = , hitung nilai bagi
25
h
2c – d2 , calculate the value of
le
Given 9b =
25
(i) b apabila c = 45 dan d = 3. 2
(ii) c apabila b = dan d = 4.
Bo

b when c = 45 and d = 3. 5
2
c when b = and d = 4.
2(45) – (3) 2 5
9b =
25
( 25 ) = 2c –25(4) 2c – 16 = 324
2
9
ak

90 – 9 2c = 324 + 16
9b =
( ) = (
25 )
25 2 2
18 2
2c – (4) 2c = 340
81 5 c = 170
d

9b =
25 324 2c – 16
=
Ti

9 25 25
9b =
5 25 × 324
2c – 16 =
9 1 25
b = =
5×9 5

4 Sazlan mengambil masa 45 saat untuk Laju/ speed Masa/ time
berjalan sejauh 72 m. Bina satu rumus untuk Jarak/ distance Jarak/ distance
= =
menghitung masa, t, yang diambil, dalam Masa/ time Laju/ speed
minit, dari stesen LRT ke pejabatnya yang 72 1.2p × 1 000
berjarak 1.2p km. = =
45 96 m/ min
Sazlan takes 45 seconds to walk for 72 m. Construct Jawapan
60 1 200p
a formula to calculate the time, t, taken, in minutes, =
from the LRT station to his office which is 1.2p km = 96 m/ min 96
away. = 12.5p minit/ minutes
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MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 19 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 PRAKTIS PT3 BAHAGIAN A (OBJEKTIF ANEKA PILIHAN)

Jawab semua soalan. Rujuk JAWAPAN, muka surat 93-94 untuk

Answer all questions. Langkah Penyelesaian Lengkap bagi Soalan Objektif.

1 Kenalpasti perkara rumus dalam rumus y = mc2.
Identify the subject in the formula y = mc2.
BT m.s. 46 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP1
A
y C c and r = 2. MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1c, TP3
B m D 2
2 Diberi y = 2x – 5, maka x =
BAB 03
6 Diberi p = 4q – 3r – 2, hitung nilai p apabila q = 3
dan r = 2. BT m.s. 47 ARAS : S
ARAS : R Given p = 4q – 3r – 2, calculate the value of p when q = 3
A
4 C 8
B 6 D 10

BT m.s. 46 ARAS : R

Given y = 2x – 5, then x = MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 7 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah trapezium
y+2 y+5 yang mempunyai luas 55 cm2.
A  C 
5 2 The diagram below shows a trapezium with the area of

al
y–5 y–2 55 cm2.
B  D 5  x cm
2

iju
3 y cm
3 Diberi = 4, ungkapkan m dalam sebutan n.
2m – n

D
Given 3 = 4, express m in terms of n.
2m – n (x + 5) cm

BT m.s. 46 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 ARAS : S Ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x. ARAS : T

1+n 3 + 4n
h Express y in term of x. MM m.s. 17 DSKP 3.1d, TP4
A m =  C m = 
2 8
le
110 2x + 5
A
y=  C y = 
3+n 12 + n 2x + 5 110
B m =  D m = 
Bo

8 2 55 2x + 5
B y =  D y = 
2x + 5 55
4 Diberi p = 3(2q – r), ungkapkan q dalam sebutan
p dan r. BT m.s. 46 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 ARAS : S 8 Diberi m = 3n2 – 4n + 9 , cari nilai m apabila n = 5.
Given p = 3(2q – r), express q in terms of p and r.
ak

Given m = 3n2 – 4n + 9 , find the value of m when n = 5.

p + 3r p – 3r BT m.s. 47 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1c, TP3 ARAS : S
A
q=  C q =  A 6 C 14
6 6
d

3r – p 3r + 2p B
8 D 15
B q =  D q = 
Ti

3 3 4
9 Diberi p = + 2, ungkapkan q dalam sebutan p.
q2
5 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah segi tiga.
4
The diagram below shows a triangle. Given p = + 2, express q in term of p.
q2
BT m.s. 46 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 ARAS : S
2x
4
A q = 
p–2
x y 
4
B
q= 
Ungkapkan y dalam sebutan x. BT m.s. 46 ARAS : S p–2

Express y in term of x. MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 2
A y = 3x C q = 
Jawapan
p–2
B y = 3(x + 60)
C y = 3(60 – x) 2
D q = –2
D y = 2x + 180 p
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MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 20 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 PRAKTIS BAHAGIAN B (OBJEKTIF PRAKTIS
PT3 PT3 BAHAGIAN C (SUBJEKTIF)
PELBAGAI BENTUK)
3x + 1
1 (a) Nyatakan perkara rumus bagi setiap 1 (a) Diberi 2y = , cari nilai y apabila x = 5.
4
rumus yang berikut. [2 markah] MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1c, TP3 [3 markah]
State the subject for each of the following
formulae. TP1 ARAS : R [2 marks] Given 2y = 3x + 1 , find the value of y when x = 5.
4
BT m.s. 47 ARAS : S
[3 marks]
Rumus Perkara rumus
Formula Subject of formula 3(5) + 1
2y =
p = 3q + r p 4
16
y = 3x 2 – 8 y 2y =

BAB 03
4
2n + 3 y=2
m= m
5
r (b) Isi padu, V, sebuah kubus diberikan dengan

al
r = s 3 – 2t + 7
rumus 8s 3.
The volume, V, of a cube is given by the formula 8s3.

(b) Diberi bahawa v = u + 2w, lengkapkan jadual
di bawah. BT m.s. 47 ARAS : S [2 markah]
Given that v = u + 2w, complete the table below.
iju
(i) Bina satu rumus bagi sisi, s, kubus itu.
MM m.s. 17 DSKP 3.1d, TP4 [2 markah]
Construct a formula for the side, s, of the

D
MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1c, TP3 [2 marks]
cube. ARAS : S [2 marks]
u w v V = 8s 3
h V
4 1 6 s3 =
le
8
–2 3 4
V
Bo

s = 3
8
2 (a) Nyatakan sama ada m adalah perkara rumus
bagi setiap rumus yang berikut.[2 markah] (ii) Cari nilai s apabila V = 512 cm3.
State whether m is the subject for each of the MM m.s. 17 DSKP 3.1d, TP4 [2 markah]
ak

following formulae. [2 marks] Cari nilai s apabila V = 512 cm3.

(i) m = 3n – 2n + 7 TP1
2 ARAS : R ARAS : S [2 marks]
Ya/ Yes 3 512
d

s =
8
Ti

3m –1 = 3 64
(ii) +4=n TP1 ARAS : R
2 = 4 cm
Bukan/ No
(c) Puja mempunyai RMp. Dia membelanjakan
RM(3q + 2) setiap hari. Baki wangnya ialah
(b) Diberi w = x2 + 3, ungkapkan x dalam RM25 selepas seminggu. Tulis rumus yang
sebutan w.  [2 markah] menghubungkan p dan q itu. [3 markah]
Given w = x2 + 3, express x in term of w.[2 marks] Puja has RMp. She spends RM(3q + 2) every day.
BT m.s. 46 MM m.s. 15 DSKP 3.1b, TP3 ARAS : S The balance of her money is RM25 after a week.
Write the formula relating p and q. [3 marks]
x 2 = w – 3 MM m.s. 17 DSKP 3.1d, TP4 ARAS : S

x= w–3 p = 7(3q + 2) + 25
Jawapan

= 21q + 14 + 25
= 21q + 39
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MM 6 Maths Tg 2 - Bab 03.indd 21 28/12/2021 12:35 PM

 PISA/ TIMSS
1 Sebuah kedai membeli seutas jam tangan dengan harga RMb daripada kilang. Kedai itu kemudian
menjual jam tangan itu dengan harga RMp. Kedai itu mendapat keuntungan sebanyak 38% daripada
harga beli jam tangan itu, RMb.
Antara rumus berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan hubungan antara p dengan b dengan betul? Bulatkan
jawapan anda.
A shop bought a watch for RMb from a factory. The shop then sold the watch for RMp. The shop made a profit of 38% of
the purchase price.
Which of the following formulas shows the relationship between p and b correctly? Circle your answer.

Rumus Adakah rumus betul?

Formula Is the formula correct?
BAB 03

Ya / Bukan
b = p + 0.38
Yes / No

al
Ya / Bukan
b = p – 0.38

iju
Yes / No

Ya / Bukan
p = 1.38b

D
Yes / No

Ya / Bukan
p = b + 1.38
h Yes / No
le
Bo

OUTSIDE the CLASSROOM

1 Gerakkan 3 mancis untuk membina 3 segi empat Jawapan / Answer:
ak

sama.
Moves 3 matchstick to create 3 squares.
d
Ti

Jawapan

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