AGRARIAN RELATIONS AND THE FRIAR LANDS

1.) In the first half of the nineteenth century the Hacienda de Calamba passed from a3-tiered
structure of management to a two-tiered structure. Formerly there was an intermediary stratum
of tenant-leaseholders who were positioned between the hacienda management and the tillers
of the soil.False

2.) In Calamba a would-be haciendero could acquire land through various means like
usurpacion and embargado. In Negros Island there was only one way to acquire land ina friar
estate and that was by entering into a 3-year leasehold contracts calledinquilinato.False
Explanation:What is an inquilinato?

3.) In Negros, the sugar planters called hacenderos were a multi-ethnic immigrant class
oflandowners most of whom directly hired their own tenants. In Hacienda de Calamba,
theDominican owners relied on a group of wealthy leaseholders called inquilinos to cultivatethe
land with the assistance of sharecroppers/subtenants of their own.
Explanation:Inquilinos relied on subtenants to work the landsEx. the Rizal family leased 382 ha.
(66.2644 quinon)

4.) The sharecropper (the tiller of the soil) known as kasama in Tagalog, agsa in
Negros,casamac in Pampanga and aparcero in Spanish enjoyed considerable autonomy
in thelabour process.Explanation:What were the duties of the sharecropper? The landowners?

5.) The lease holding tenants of the Hacienda de Calamba were either self-financing oracquired
capital from the Chinese mestizos in Manila. Meanwhile the hacenderos ofNegros Island
acquired capital from the foreign merchant houses.False

6.) The Calamba leaseholders were often inclined to make huge investments and loansfrom the
foreign merchant houses unlike the hacenderos of Negros who invested insteam mills that
extracted sugarcane juice more effectively..False
Explanation:Why? What investments could they be?1884 letter of Paciano (la nueva maquina)

7.) Jose Rizal inspired, if not aided, the Calamba leaseholders when they presented
theirgrievances against the Calamba Hacienda administration. The civil authorities in
thePhilippines did not support the claims of the tenants nor forced a response from
theRecollects.False
Explanation:Dominicans not RecollectsMunicipal authorities “sat” on the claimsValeriano Weyler
(harshly?) settled the issue by banishing the recalcitrant whichincluded the RizalsThe spectre of
Simoun
8.) The diezmos prediales was originally a tithe on land paid to directly to the
CatholicChurch in medieval Spain. However under the terms of the Patronato Real, the
crown/Spanish monarch obtained the right to administer his fund to support missionary
activities

9.) Many natives chose to work on the friar estates rather than farm on their own in
othercultivated or uncultivated areas.TrueExplanation:Monastic estates were a reincarnation of
the barangay under date (men of prowess)Protection from colonial state exactionsClerics
(initially) provided loans, cash advances and innovations in agriculture(plow=araro) which led to
increased productivity which in itself was further attraction.

10.) In the pre-hispanic times, “whenever a feast was to be held, members of the settlementall
came together bringing with them a jar of wine, so much rice and to assist in such feasts”. Inthe
early 1660s, “the Native elite celebrated the end of farm work in a special way by
revelingwith a kind of vanity and ostentation in being able to serve food and drink in great
abundance”.Explanation:How does one form of celebration differ from the other?What does it
imply about the native elite/ datu’s power?

11.) Explain how the pre-hispanic datus lost their status as men of prowess to the friars with
theformation of the friar estates.