DAMAGE MECHANISMS AFFECTING

FIXED EQUIPMENT in the REFINERY INDUSTRY

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE API 571(Actual exam)

1. Which of the following damage mechanisms is related to steel

hardness?
A. Stress orientation hydrogen induced cracking.
B. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking.
C. Hydrogen induced cracking.
D. Hydrogen blistering.

2. A vessel put into service today is susceptible to carbon

dioxide corrosion, since carbon dioxide that found on the
process my dissolve in the water to form carbolic acid.
Where would be the best places for thickness measurement
locations (TMLs)?
A. At the bottom and top heads.
B. Throughout the vessel, as the mechanism is unpredictable.
C. At area of anticipated water wetting.
D. At the gas/liquid interfaces.
3. Which of the following is most significant contributor to
flue gas dew point corrosion?
A. Carbon monoxide content of the flue gas.
B. Temperature of the flue gas.
C. The material temperatures below depoint.
D. On the metal properties.

20. Grooving in cooling water tubes could be the result of:

A. Electric resistance welds.
B. Microbiologically induced corrosion.
C. Flow induced erosion.
D. Under deposit corrosion.

21. Which of the following generally manifests itself as

subsurface damage mechanisms?
A. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
B. WET H2s cracking.
C. Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC).
D. Stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC).
26. one way to prevent oxide scale formation on alloy steel
is:
A. Chromium content of steel.
B. Carbon equivalent of the alloy.

41. With regard to corrosion caused by burning fuel oil

contaminants which of following statements is correct?
A. Corrosion rates are greater in oxidizing condition than
reducing one.
B. All conventional allot materials used for tubes are
susceptible to corrosion.
C. Corrosion can be prevented by using a 50Cr-50Ni alloy.
D. The metal temperature must be below the liquid salt for
contaminants.

42. In very low sulfur crudes, total acid numbers (TANs) as

low as naphthenic acid corrosion?
A. 0.10.
B. 0.25
C. 0.40
D. 0.50
A. Controlling process temperature during steam out.
48. Which of the following techniques should be used to
detect high temperature hydrogen attack?
A. Florescent penetrant examination for surface cracking.
B. A combination of magnetic flux Leakage (MFL) and
ultrasonic shear test.
C. In situ metallography to detect telltale decarburization
near the surface.
D. Ultrasonic techniques using combination of high velocity
ratio and backscatter.
49. In what damage mechanism does hydrogen combine with
carbides to forming cavities of methane?
A. Hydrogen blistering.
B. Hydrogen embrittlement.
C. Hydrogen induced cracking.
D. High temperature hydrogen attack.
A. Are usually associated with weldments that are
intergranular known through metallographic examination.

55. hydriding of titanium can result in loss of which type

in thickness?
A. Local.
B. General.
C. Galvanic.
D. None.
56. Which of the following preferred testing method for
detect cracking from the a process side of pressure vessel
or tank?
A. Radiography.
B. penetrant
C. Acoustic emission.
D. Wet florescent magnetic particle.