CHAPTER 3-STATES OF MATTER

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 To describe the properties of different states of matter.

 Differentiate the arrangement of molecules in solid, liquid & gases.
 Recognize that states of matter are interconvertible.
 Distinguish between soluble and insoluble substances, miscible and
immiscible liquids.
 Demonstrate and explore the difference between physical and chemical
changes.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. What is matter?
Ans) Any substance that has mass and occupies space is called matter. All
living things and non-living things are matter. All matter is made up of tiny
particles called molecules.

2. State two difference between solid, liquid and gases.

Ans) Solids:
 Molecules are held tightly and they have no space to move around.
 They have a very strong force of attraction between molecules. That is
why they have definite shape and volume.
Liquids:
 Molecules of liquid are less tightly packed and they have space
between them.
 They do not have very strong force of attraction. Therefore, molecules of
liquid can move around in different direction. This allows liquid to flow
and change their shape.
Gases:
 Molecules of gases are loosely packed with lots of space between them.
 The force of attraction between molecules are very weak. Thus, they
can move away from each other easily.
3. Explain chemical change with the help of an example.
Ans) Chemical change is a change in which a new substance is formed. Properties
of new substance are different from the original substance. Most chemical
changes are permanent and cannot be reversed. For example, burning of paper
turns into ash.

4. What are miscible liquids?

Ans) Liquids which can mix with each other are called miscible liquid. Example:
Milk in water.

5. Why do gases have no fixed shape or volume?

Ans) Molecules of gases are loosely packed with lots of space between them.
The force of attraction between molecules are very weak. Therefore, gas neither
have fixed shape nor fixed volume.

HOT QUESTIONS:
6. Sugar and salt mix easily in water while sand cannot?

Ans) sugar and salt can be broken easily into small size particles by water.
These particles fill space between the molecules of water and forms solution.
On the other hand, sand cannot be broken into small particles by water.
Hence, they do not mix in water and settles down at the bottom of the
container.
7. Your mother has baked a cake using ingredients such as flour, sugar,
eggs, water and other. Is this a physical or a chemical change? Explain
Ans) Baking of cake is a chemical change because once the cake is formed,
we cannot get back the original batter. Moreover, when we bake a cake, the
ingredients go through a chemical change. Hence, the chemical composition
of cake is different from that of the batter.