A solution is prepared by dissolving 42.

23 g of ammonium chloride, (NH 4Cl) into enough

water to make 500.0 mL of solution. Find its molarity.

1.579
Solids, liquids, and gases differ in distances between particles, in the freedom of motion of
particles, and in the extent to which the particle interact.
True

A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution concentration contains 10 g NaCl per 100.0 g of water.
What is the percent by mass of NaCl in the solution?

9.09

The stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction , the lower the vapor pressure of a
liquid.

True

It is important to remember that phase change depends on the nature of the substance and
on the temperature and pressure of its environment. It involves endothermic or exothermic
change.

True

A sugar solution concentration contains 30 g NaCl per 70 g of water. What is the percent by
mass of NaCl in the solution?

30

What change of phase involves heat release?

Gas to Liquid

Solid water is less dense , and in fact sinks on liquid.

FALSE
__ is a measure of the elastic force in the surface of a liquid.

Surface tension 

The ___ is the temperature at which the vapor pressure  of a liquid  is equal to the external
pressure. 

Boiling point      

What is the mole fraction of HCI in an aqueous solution that contains 44.2 grams HCI and
88.6 grams H2O?

0.197

The speed of particles is not proportional to temperature. Increased in temperature means

greater speed.

False

In ___ , the molecules are so close together that there is little very empty space between
them. It can be flow, can be poured and assumes the shape of its container. 
 

Liquid
A warm bottle of soft drink does not taste as good as the cold one because there is less
carbon dioxide dissolved in it.

True

Determine the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 300 g of glucose (C6H 12O 6 )
into 2.50 kg of water.
The ___ is the difference in temperature between the freezing point of the pure solvent and that
of the solution.
Freezing point depression

___ are strong inside forces that keep a molecule together.

  
Intramolecular 

Molecules in liquid are held together by one or more types of attractive forces. However,
the molecules can move past one another freely.
 

True

What change of phase involves heat absorb?

Solid to Liquid

Water has a high boiling point because of the strong hydrogen bonds between the water
molecules; it is both a strong hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.

True

What is the volume/volume percent solution made by combining 35 mL of ethanol with

enough water to produce 200 mL of the solution.

17.5

The ___ is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction.

london dispersion force

What kind of attraction that explains the dissolving of potassium chloride in water is

Ion-dipole 
Nitric acid (HNO3) is a powerful and corrosive acid. When ordered from a chemical supply
company, its molarity is 16 M. How much of the stock solution of nitric acid needs to be
used to make 10.00 L of a 1 M solution?

0.625 

A property of a solution that depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved in
the solution and not on their identity. 

Colligative 

__ , %(m/m), is computed by dividing the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution.

Percent by mass

The number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution is ___.

Molarity

The ___ ( m ) of a solution is the moles of solute divided by the kilograms of solvent.
Molality

The concentration of salt in seawater (its salinity) is about 35 parts per thousand (35/1000);
in other words, about 3.5% of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts

True

A chemistry laboratory technician needs to prepare 5.00 L of a 0.250 M solution of

potassium permanganate (KMnO4 ). What mass of KMnO 4 does she need to make the
solution?

197.55

The lower the viscosity, the slower the liquid flows.

False
are almost incompressible and possess definite shape and volume.

Solids

_ is the energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at a given temperature.

Molar heat of vaporization

An 18-karat gold item is 18 parts gold and 6 parts alloy. What is the percent by mass of
gold in 18-karat gold?
 
75

When the temperature is high, more molecules   have enough energy to escape from the
liquid. At lower temperature, fewer molecules have sufficient energy to escape from the
liquid.

true

____ forces between molecules.

 
Intermolecular   

Due to electron repulsion, a temporary dipole on one atom can induce a similar dipole on a
neighboring atom.

True

When the cohesive forces between liquid molecules are greater than the adhesive  forces between
the liquid  and the walls of the container, the surface of the liquid is convex.

True
The amount of solute present in a solution can be varied. A solution containing more solute
is said to be ___.

Concentrated
Rank these forces in terms of their relative strengths: 
hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, induced dipole-induced dipole (dispersion), and covalent
bonds
Covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, induced dipole-induced dipole
(dispersion)

A 14-karat gold contains 14 parts pure gold and 10 parts other metals. What is the percent
by mass of other metals in 14-karat gold?

41.67 

A solution is prepared by dissolving 30 mL of hydrogen peroxide in enough water to make 1000

mL of solution. Find the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution.
30

One part per million means that 1.0 g of solute is dissolve in 1.0 L of water.
False

_ is the amount of heat or energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance  by
1 degree Celsius.
Specific heat  

Which change of phase represents fusion?

Solid to Liquid

Dipole -dipole interaction arises due to even distribution of electrons in a molecule.

False

A 100.00 mL of a 2.00 M solution of HCl, was diluted by adding enough water to make the
solution volume to 500.00 mL. Find the molarity of the new solution.
0.40M

An increased in the temperature results in increased kinetic energies of ____ dissolved in

liquids.
 Gas 

Kinetic Molecular Theory states that gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit
perfectly elastic collisions

TRUE

Intermolecular forces also cause a phenomenon called ___, which is the tendency of a polar
liquid to rise against gravity into a small-diameter tube.
 
Capillary action