Angles and Polygons H

SERIES

Angles and
Polygons
Solutions

Curriculum Ready

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ISBN 978-1-921861-29-1  

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 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 3 questions

Angle sum of a triangle

K
1 a +XYZ = 50c b +JKL = 40c
X
+XZY = 50c +JLK = 60c

+YXZ = 80c +KJL = 80c

Z Y
Sum = 180c Sum = 180c
J L

Q
A B
c +ABC = 90c d +PQR = 32c

+ACB = 35c +PRQ = 38c

+BAC = 55c +QPR = 110c

Sum = 180c P Sum = 180c

C Q

2 a A b
E F
85c 42c

70c 105c
C B
G

Angle sum of TABC Angle sum of TEFG

= +ABC + +ACB + +BAC. = +EFG + +EGF + +FEG.
= 180c = 180c

` 70c + +BCA + 85c = 180c ` +FEG + 105c + 42c = 180c

` 145c + +BCA = 180c ` +FEG + 147c = 180c

` +BCA = 35c ` +FEG = 33c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 1

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 4 questions

Angle sum of a triangle

F
3 a b c
75c W
22c Y
E 45c V

60c
49c
U X Z
G

+EGF = 60c +UVW = 98c +YXZ = 41c

4 a b c
35c x
88c x

26c
x
45c 66c 43c

x= 47c x= 71c x= 119c

5 a b c
a 35c c
56.5c
95c 76.3c
25.5c
b

a= 59.5c b= 33.5c c= 68.7c

d e f

72.5c 127.9c e 43.8c 47.6c

53.1c 30.4c
d f

d= 54.4c e= 21.7c f= 88.6c

2 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 5 questions

Angle sum of a triangle

6 a 2u b c w
89c
36c 5v
71c 30c
44c w

2u + 36c + 44c = 180c 5v + 89c + 71c = 180c w + w + 30c = 180c

2u + 80c = 180c 5v + 160c = 180c 2w + 30c = 180c
2u = 100c 5v = 20c 2w = 150c

u= 50c v= 4c w= 75c

d e f
x 8z
3y
2z 2z
x x 2y

x + x + x + = 180c 3y + 2y + 90c = 180c 2z + 2z + 8z = 180c

3x = 180c 5y + 90c = 180c 12z = 180c
5y = 90c

x= 60c y= 18c z= 15c

Page 7 questions

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

Y
1 a +WXY = 110c b Q R +PQR = 98c
X

+XYZ = 80c +QRS = 55c

+YZW = 90c +RSP = 125c

+XWZ = 80c +QPS = 82c

P S
W Z Sum = 360c Sum = 360c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 3

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 7 questions

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

2 a A B b
110c 113c L
K 32c M
44c

80c 120c
D
N
C
+ABC + +BCD + +ADC + +BAD = 360c +KLM + +LMN + +KNM + +LKN = 360c

` 113c + +BCD + 80c + 110c = 360c ` +KLM +  44c  +  120c  +  32c  = 360c

` 303c + +BCD = 360c ` +KLM +  196c = 360c

` +BCD = 57c ` +KLM = 164c

3 a b W
E F 24c
62c X
49c
242c
O
110c
D
105c
G Y

+DEF = 83c +OYX = 45c

Page 8 questions

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

4 a b c
q 115c q
41c

q
68c 77c 30c
135c 45c 49c

q= 90c q= 100c q= 240c

4 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 8 questions

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

5 a b c
r 73.5c
113.7c
t
49.8c
52.6c 110c 206.8c

112.5c 82.3c
85c
s

r= 89c s= 83.7c t= 21.1c

6 a b c

134c 7z
38c 130c 3z
x 5y

3z
7z
68c

2y

2x + 38c + 68c + 134c = 360c 2y + 5y + 90c + 130c = 360c 3z + 7z + 3z + 7z = 360c

2x + 240c = 360c 7y + 220c = 360c 20z = 360c
2x = 120c 7y = 140c z = 18c
x = 60c y = 20c

x= 60c y= 20c z= 18c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 5

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 9 questions

Angle sum of a quadrilateral

91c
7 D C F
1 2
K 116c
I E
3 4
N G
97c 78c
L
92c
H 6 J
5 110c A
M 253c
7 58c
B
Quadrilateral: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Split into triangles: D & N C & I E & K F & G H & M A & L B & J

Page 11 questions

Angle sum of a polygon

1

1 a b c
2 1 2
2
3
1 3 3
6 4
4 7 5
4 5 6

Number of triangles = 4 Number of triangles = 6 Number of triangles = 7

2 a b

1 2 1 4
2 3

Internal angle sum Internal angle sum

= 3 # angle sum of a triangle = 4 # angle sum of a triangle

= 3 # 180c = 4 # 180c

= 540c = 720c

6 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 11 questions

Angle sum of a polygon

2 c d

Internal angle sum Internal angle sum

= 8 # angle sum of a triangle = 6 # angle sum of a triangle

= 8 # 180c = 6 # 180c

= 1440c = 1080c

Page 12 questions

Angle sum of a polygon

3 a b

Internal angle sum = 720c Internal angle sum = 900c

Each internal angle = 720c ' 5 Each internal angle = 900c ' 7

= 144c = 128.6c to 1 d.p.

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 7

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 How does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 12 questions

Angle sum of a polygon

4 Calculate the internal angle sum of these polygons and then calculate the size of the missing angle.
a b
115c y 67c

x 130c 112c
218c
112c 85c 98c

Internal angle sum = 540c Internal angle sum = 720c

` x = 540c - (115c + 130c + 85c + 112c) ` y = 720c - ^90c + 218c + 98c + 67c + 112ch

` x = 98c ` y = 135c

c
3z 142c

135c
120c

132c 2z

140c 156c

Internal angle sum = 1080c

` 5z = 1080c - ^142c + 135c + 156c + 140c + 132c + 120ch

5z = 255c

` z = 51c

8 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 14 questions

Internal angle rule for polygons

1 a n= 6 b n= 9

Angle sum = 6( - 2 ) # 180c Angle sum = 9( - 2 ) # 180c

= 4 # 180c = 7 # 180c

= 720c = 1260c

2 a Angle sum of a decagon = ^10 - 2h # 180c b Angle sum of a dodecagon = ^12 - 2h # 180c
= 8 # 180c = 10 # 180c
= 1440c = 1800c

3 a n= 8 b n = 15

Each angle =
[( 8 - 2 ) ]
# 180c ' 8 Each angle =
[( 15 - 2
) ]
# 180c ' 15

= 6 [ ]
# 180c ' 8 = 13[ ]
# 180c ' 15

= 1080c ' 8 = 2340c ' 15

= 135c = 156c

4 a Each internal angle of an icosagon b Each internal angle of a heptagon

= 6^20 - 2h # 180c@ ' 20 = 6^11 - 2h # 180c@ ' 11

= 3240c ' 20 = 1620c ' 11
= 162c = 147.3c (to 1 d.p.)

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 9

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 15 questions

Internal angle rule for polygons

5 a n= 7 b n = 10

Internal angle sum = ^7 - 2h # 180c Internal angle sum = ^10 - 2h # 180c

= 5 # 180c = 8 # 180c
= 900c = 1440c

c n = 11 b
d n = 17

Internal angle sum = ^11 - 2h # 180c Internal angle sum = ^17 - 2h # 180c
= 9 # 180c = 15 # 180c
= 1620c = 2700c

6 a n = ( 720c
)
' 180c + 2 b n = ( )
2520c ' 180c + 2

= 6 sides = 16 sides

c n = ^1800c ' 180ch + 2 d n = ^3600c ' 180ch + 2

= 10 + 2 = 20 + 2
= 12 sides (dodecagon) = 22 sides (icosikaidigon)

10 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 16 questions

Internal angle rule for polygons

Start anywhere along here

720c 620c 700c 720c 720c

9 =R 4 =N 7 =D 2 =G 4 =E
720c 720c 710c 710c 720c
8 =V 3 =B 4 =P 6 =W 5 =O
1080c 1260c 520c
720c 1800c
3 =D 5 =H 7 =Y
9 =H 1 =S
900c 900c
720c 2 =U
3 =D
1800c 9 =L
720c 180c
540c 900c
8 =C 9
1 =T 9 =S 7 180c
1440c =I
=N 910c 9
910c 4 =M 4 =C =R
1080c 7 =M 710c
2 =I 1980c 8 =E
690c
8 =T 1440c
1 =A
720c 2 =A 900c
1260c
5 =R 3 =T
6 =F
1260c
4 =Y 540c 700c
1 =L 1400c 1240c 5 =S
980c
4 =A 8 =R 1008c
1080c 180c 920c 7 =H
2 =W
1 =B 1 =T 900c 3 1080c
9 = L = T
3 =T
540c 540c 570c 540c 450c
6 =I 530c 4 =A 540c 2 =Z 520c 3 =J 520c 1 =D 540c
6 =M 7 =K 2 =Z 6 =P 5 =Y

Finish anywhere along here

L A B Y R I N T H
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 11

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 18 questions

External angle rule for polygons

1 a b c
K
B
W
X J L

N
Z A C
V Y
I M
D

2 a b c L
R G
A B
T M

S O
F C K
N

Q E D P
Q
QS is produced to T DC is produced to G MN is produced to Q

3 a b

125c
70c

135c
x
y

135c + 125c + x = 360c 90c + 90c + 70c + y = 360c

x = 360c - 260c y = 360c - 250c
x = 100c y = 110c

c z
80c + 65c + 75c + z + z = 360c
z 65c 2z = 360c - 220c
2z = 140c
80c 75c z = 70c

12 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 19 questions

External angle rule for polygons

4 a b

Each external angle = 120c Each external angle = 90c

c d

Each external angle = 72c Each external angle = 60c

e f

Each external angle = 51.4c Each external angle = 45c

5 a As the number of sides increases, the size of each external angle increases / decreases.

b As the number of sides increases, the size of each internal angle increases / decreases.

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 13

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 20 questions

External angle rule for polygons

6 a b c
a f 55c

e
b 108c 115c c d 111c 100.5c

a = 100c c = 65c e = 79.5c

b = 72c d = 69c f = 125c

7 a
120c + j = 180c
114c 128c k j = 60c

128c + k = 180c
120c j l
k = 52c

60c + 114c + 128c + l = 360c

l = 360c - 302c
l = 58c

b
35c 60c + 60c + 35c + 35c + 82c + 2x + 2x = 360c
y 2x
60c 272c + 4x = 360c
4x = 88c
82c x = 22c
60c
y
2x + y = 180c
35c 2x
y = 180c - 44c
y = 136c

14 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 21 questions

External angle rule for polygons

 ^5 - 2h # 180c
8 Q
(i) Angle sum =
y
C = 3 # 180c
B
110c
= 540c

(ii) 80c + x = 180c

D
A x x = 100c
80c 130c
E
P 100c + 110c + 130c + 90c + +BCD = 540c
+BCD = 540c - 430c
+BCD = 110c
110c + y = 180c
y = 70c

9
74c 2a + 74c = 180c
2a
52c 2a = 180c - 74c
2a = 106c
a
a = 53c

3c
2b b + 2b = 180c
b
3b = 180c
55c
b = 60c

52c + 74c + 53c + 60c + 55c + 3c = 360c

3c = 360c - 294c
3c = 66c
c = 22c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 15

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 Where does it work? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 22 questions

External angle rule for polygons

10 (i) For regular polygons, each external angle size = 360c ' the number of sides

` The number of sides = 360c ' the external angle size

Trying external angles of 20c, The number of sides = 360c ' 20c
= 18 sides

Trying external angles of 30c, The number of sides = 360c ' 30c
= 12 sides
` There are seven regular polygons with external angles ranging from 20c through to 30c.

(ii) For regular polygons, each external angle side = 360c ' the number of sides

12 sides external angle size = 360c ' 12 = 30c

13 sides external angle size = 360c ' 13 = 27.7c to 1 d.p.
14 sides external angle size = 360c ' 14 = 25.7c to 1 d.p.
15 sides external angle size = 360c ' 15 = 24c
16 sides external angle size = 360c ' 16 = 22.5c
17 sides external angle size = 360c ' 17 = 21.2c
18 sides external angle size = 360c ' 18 = 20c

(iii)  The number of sides = 360c ' the external angle size
= 360c ' 50c
= 7.2 sides

Since there are not an exact whole number of sides, there cannot be a regular polygon
with an external angle size of 50c

Therefore, Tara was correct.

16 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 What else can you do? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 24 questions

External angle of a triangle

1 a b c
120c 25c
30c
50c
b
c
45c a

a = 45c + 50c b = 120c + 30c c = 90c + 25c

= 95c = 150c = 115c

2 a b c
x 80c 71c y
18c
42c 95c
z 44c

x = 80c - 42c y = 95c - 71c z = 44c - 18c

= 38c = 24c = 26c

3 a b
65c
q
89c
35c r
p 48c 43c s

p = 89c + 43c r = 65c - 35c

p = 132c r = 30c

q = 48c + 43c s = 180c - r

q = 91c s = 180c - 30c
s = 150c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 17

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 What else can you do? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 25 questions

External angle of a triangle

4 a b
p
50c

j j q p p
k

j = ^180c - 50ch ' 2 p = 180c ' 3

j = 65c p = 60c

k = 65c + 50c q = 2 # 60c

k = 115c q = 120c

c d

l 5n 160c

3n

5m

l = ^180c - 90ch ' 2 5n + 3n = 160c

l = 45c 8n = 160c
n = 160c ' 8
5m = 90c + 45c
n = 20c
5m = 135c
m = 27c

e f
100c
a 5a b

2a
4x

4x + 4x = 100c a + 2a + 5a = 180c

8x = 100c 8a = 180c

x = 12.5c a = 22.5c

b = 22.5c + 45c
b = 67.5c

18 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
 What else can you do? Solutions Angles and Polygons

Page 25 questions

External angle of a triangle

5 (i) and (ii)

C
There are MANY combinations. Here are a four:

+ABF + +BFA + +FAB = 180c

D +ACE + +CEA + +CAE = 180c

B
+ABF + +FBD + +BDF = 180c
+BDC + +DFE + +DEF = 180c
A E
F

(iii)  C
6x

3y 5x 4x D
B
6x 4x 5x 6x

6x
5x 4x 5x 4x E
A
F 4z

4x + 5x + 6x = 180c
15x = 180c
4x = 48c, 5x = 60c, 6x = 72c
x = 180c ' 15
x = 12c

3y = 6x + 4 x 4z = 6x + 5x
3y = 72c + 48c 4z = 72c + 60c
3y = 120c 4z = 132c
y = 40c z = 33c

Angles and Polygons Solutions H 13 19

Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd SERIES TOPIC
 Notes Angles and Polygons

20 H 13 Angles and Polygons Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics ©3P Learning Ltd
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