Plastic Materials Whitepaper

Plastic Materials
Whitepaper
Plastic Materials for Manufacturing
-November / 2022
Table of Contents
01 ABS 02 POM 03 PC
Page - 03 Page - 07 Page - 10
04 PA 05 PMMA 06 PEEK
07 PP 08 PE 09 PS
10 PLA 11 PTFE 12 TPE

13 PVC 14 PET 15 PBT

16 PI 17 PF 18 EVA
19 PC/ABS Alloy 20 UF Resin 21 Epoxy resin

22 LSR 23 Rubber
Page - 75 Page - 78
Plastic Materials - 02
ABS
Acryionitrile Butadiene Styrene

Introduction
01
ABS (Acryionitrile Butadiene Styrene, the acronym of ABS) resin is a thermoplastic
polymer made by copolymerizing three monomers: acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and
styrene, and the properties of the resin can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of
the three components.
ABS is a polymer material between general purpose plastics and engineering

plastics, and can be blended with a variety of resins, such as PCIABS, PMMA/ABS,
PA/ABS, PBT/ABS, etc., to produce new properties and applications.
In 1947, the U.S. Rubber Company first achieved industrial production of ABS resin
by the co-blending method. The method is simple, but the aging performance of
the crystal production system is poor and has been eliminated.
In 1954, Borg-Wamer grafted and polymerized acrylonitrile and styrene in

polybutadiene latex to produce graft-plastic ABS resin, which was first produced
industrially.
ABS - 03
Characteristics Applications
Good toughness Automobile - Front grille, instrument panel, steering
Impact resistant wheel, interior trim
Resistant to low temperature

Resistant to acid and alkali and some organic Home appliance - Various home appliance shells
solvents
Good processing and molding, high precision, good Other - Toys, office equipment, daily products
surface gloss of products

Easy to dye and plating
Lower heat deflection temperatureLower heat
deflection temperature
Organoleptic properties
Visual: Matte, uncomfortable brightness, medium
gloss
Tactile: Elastic, soft
Aural: Low pitch
Sense of smell: No odor
Form
Pellets, plates, sheets
Applicable Techniques
Injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, foam,
thermoforming, bonding, 3D printing
ABS - 04
Classification
The excellent overall performance of ABS is widely used, but the
shortcomings of general grade ABS also limit the application in some
industries. So many modified special ABS have been developed: flame
retardant ABS, transparent ABS, heat resistant ABS, impact resistant ABS,
etc.
Transparent ABS
Transparent ABS is a kind of modified ABS grafted with MMA, which has good
overall performancegood overall performance, can be widely used in electronics,
electrical parts.
Its transparency is close to that of PMMA and PC. Its antilever beam impact
strength and falling ball impact strength is similar to general-purpose ABS, less
prone to cracking under low impact.
Transparent ABS is mainly used in: keyboard keys, computer cases, printer covers,
mouse, printer or fax machine paper holder, noise baffle, awning cosmetic bottles,
artificial nails.
ABS - 05
Flame Retardant ABS
Flame-retardant ABS is a special ABS modified by
flame retardant, which hasexcellent flame retardant
performance, can be widely used in the shell of
electrical products.
The main applications of ABS are: chargers, laser

printers, satellite TV receivers, trademark machines,
ATMs, magnetic card swipe cards, satellite TV
receiver, trademark machine, ATM machine, magnetic
card swipe card, PDP TV front panel.
Heat Resistant ABS
Heat-resistant ABS is a special ABS modified with

heat-resistant agents, which has superior heat-
resistant performance and is used in industries such
as automotive parts and home appliance accessories.
It has a wide range of applications in the automotive

parts and home appliance parts industries.
Heat-resistant ABS is mainly used in: electric fans,

heaters, dryers, telerecorders, printers, stereos,
chargers, navigators, remote control machines,
handles Weeding machine, meter box, kettle, radio,
walkie-talkie, oscilloscope.
ABS - 06
POM Polyoxymethylene
Introduction
02 Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a highly crystalline linear polymer whose

molecular backbone is dominated by the -CH2-O- unit. POM has the
closest mechanical properties to metal materials among the five
major engineering plastics, so it is known as "super steel" or "race
steel".
In 1955, DuPont successfully developed and industrially produced

polyformaldehyde resin.
In 1962, Celanese realized the industrial production of copolymer

formaldehyde with the crystal brand Celcon.
After that, BASF (USA), Baoli and Asahi Kasei (Japan), Mitsubishi Gas
Chemical Corporation and others have put into production of
paraformaldehyde.
POM - 07
Characteristics
Excellent strength, modulus, wear resistance,
toughness, fatigue resistance and creep
resistance
Good solvent resistance
Excellent electrical insulation
Good processability
Not resistant to high temperature, not resistant to
light radiation
Visual: Uncomfortable bright, light subtexture
adjustable
Tactile: Warm, hard
Form
Aural: Low pitch
Sheet, plate, bar, fiber
Classification Blow Molding, Injection Molding, Extrusion Molding,
Paraformaldehyde is divided into two categories: Ultrasonic Welding
homopolymeric formaldehyde and copolymeric
formaldehyde.
Applications
Homopolymer formaldehyde molecular chain structure
symmetry than copolymer formaldehyde, crystallinity
and mechanical properties than copolymer
formaldehyde.
POM plastic - Automotive parts, pipe valves, gears,

bearings and other sliding and rotating machinery
But its thermal stability, corrosion resistance are not parts
as good as the latter, and homopolymer formaldehyde

in the late plastic processing temperature range is POM fiber - Construction, fishing, rope, automotive
narrow (temperature range of about 10 degree Celsius. cord, parachute, etc.
POM - 08
Keyboard
POM material hard texture, durability and resistance

to oil are very good, the use of POM production
keyboard hardness and feel, and will not appear to oil
phenomenon. In addition, POM material will have a
jelly-like texture, many of the "jelly keycaps" on the
market are POM material.
However, although the POM is nearly complete off the

Gear
solution to the face of the keyboard, its hardness
affects the feeling. When knocking up, there is no the
POM has a regular molecular structure, high surface crispness of ABS keycaps.
hardness, and its macromolecules are easily oriented

in the direction of friction and strengthened during
the frictional sliding process.
Therefore, POM has good self-lubricating properties in

a wide range of temperature and humidity, and is the
preferred material for plastic gears.
POM - 09
PC Polycarbonate
Introduction
03
Polycarbonate (PC) is a colorless, transparent, amorphous
thermoplastic material containing carbonate groups in the main
chain of the molecule. Polycarbonate for different areas of the basic
department has a dedicated crystal grade.
PC - 10
Characteristics
High transparency, second only to PMMA and PS
Good mechanical properties. Tough and rigid, good
impact resistance
Good colorability
Dimensional stability
Non-toxic and odorless
Acid and oil resistant, with certain flame
retardancy
Not resistant to ultraviolet light, not resistant to
strong alkali
Poor abrasion resistance
Visual: Transparent, surface adjustable
Tactile: Warm, hard
Aural: Low pitch
Applications
Automobiles - Lighting systems, instrument panels,

bumpers, etc.
Electronic - Power tool housings, brackets, refrigerator

freezer drawers, food processing equipment, etc.
Form
Building materials and furniture - Window glass, etc.
Resin, sheet, plate, film

Optical lenses - Optical lenses for eyeglass lenses,
cameras, telescopes, optical test instruments, etc.
Medical devices - Medical equipment and devices that

require transparent conditions
Packaging - Water bottles, baby bottles, optical disc
Injection molding, extrusion, blow molding materials, etc.
PC - 11
Cell Phone Case
In the era of smart phones, PC has become the first
choice for cell phone shells due to its toughness,
impact resistance and high cost performance, which
is highly valued by the majority of cell phone
terminals.
And the upcoming 5G era, non-metal become the

mainstream of cell phone back cover, glass, ceramic,
composite materials in parallel. Due to the
development of plastic texture and material hardening
and other technologies, PC/PMMA composite sheet
curved back cover, decorative strip and other
solutions are also adopted by some terminals.
Car Lights
The internal structure of the headlight leads to a
certain temperature difference between different
parts, and the temperature of some reflectors and
trim rings may reach 100 to 190°C. The excellent
impact and transparency of PC material, as well as
the use of a wide range of temperatures and high
dimensional stability, have become the first choice of
good materials for cars.
Building Facade
In addition to injection molding, PC can also be

pressed to form thin sheets, which are often used in
building facades.
PC architectural curtain walls offer a variety of

benefits; lightweight, multiple colors and finishes, fast,
simple and cost effective installation, recyclable
materials, etc.
PC - 12
PA Polyamide
Introduction
04
Polyamide (PA), commonly known as nylon (Nyion), refers to the
molecular backbone Polyamide The structure contains -CONH2-
functional group of a class of polymers. Polyamide has many forms
of products such as fiber, plastic, elastomer, hot melt adhesive, etc.
In 1931, DuPont's Carothers laboratory synthesized PA66 and

industrialized it in 1939. 1942, BASF launched PA6 crystal
production.
The earliest Nyion fiber (nylon) products were toothbrush brushes,

and then nylon socks for women were introduced. Later, nylon began
to be widely used in industry and daily life as an engineering plastic.
PA - 13
Good mechanical properties and high mechanical Automobiles - Automobile hoods, fuel lines, intake
strength manifolds, pedals, etc.
Easy processing and molding

Good temperature resistance, part of the nylon can Electrical and electronic - Electrical switch, coil
withstand more than 150 ℃ high temperature skeleton, slot, etc.
Self-lubricating and good friction resistance

Excellent electrical insulation properties Industrial and daily life - Bears, spare parts, garments
Good weather resistance and textiles, tire cord fabric, etc.
High water absorption, which affects the

dimensional stability of the part
Visual: Partially crystal-like transparent, medium gloss
Tactile: Warm
Aural: Low pitch
form
Fibers, resins, films, powders, sheets, elastomers
Injection molding, casting, ultrasonic welding, 3D
printing
PA - 14
Nylon fiber
Polyamide was the first synthetic fiber developed in

the world. As early as 80 years ago, nylon fibers
disruptively replaced traditional silk-toned fabrics,
thanks to its silky touch but much stronger firmness
than silk, as well as its stretchable properties.
Nylon fibers can be woven into pure fabrics or

processed with stretching and fluffing as raw
materials for woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and weft
knitted fabrics, etc. The most classic application is
ladies' stockings. In addition, nylon fiber can also be
used for industrial filter cloth, paper felt, automotive
cordage, transmission and transportation belts, fire
hoses, sewing thread, seat belts and parachutes.
Aramid fiber is a new class of special-purpose nylon

fiber, the full name is "aromatic polyamide fiber".
Aramid fiber has super high strength, high modulus

and high temperature resistance, acid and alkali
resistance, light weight and other excellent properties.
Its strength is 5-6 times that of steel wire, modulus is
2-3 times that of steel wire or glass fiber, toughness is
2 times that of steel wire, and weight is only about 1/5
of steel wire. Under the temperature of 560 degrees, it
does not decompose and does not melt. It has good
insulation and anti-aging properties, and it has a long
life cycle. The discovery of aramid is considered to be
a very important historical process in the material
world. The discovery of aramid is considered to be a
very important historical process in the materials
world.
Aramid fibers are used in bulletproof vests, helmets,

aerospace materials, sports materials, tires They are
used in bulletproof vests, helmets, aerospace
materials, sports materials, tires, skeleton materials,
conveyor belt materials, etc.
PA - 15
Automotive engine peripheral parts
Nylon material is the largest amount of automotive

engine and peripheral parts of engineering plastics, is
the engine cover, engine trim cover, cylinder head
cover and other parts of the material of choice. Its
strength, product precision, dimensional stability and
other indicators have been greatly improved after
glass fiber reinforced modification. Compared with
metal material, for example, the quality of cylinder
head can be reduced by 50%, and the cost is reduced
by 30%.
Intake manifold is the most typical plastic application

of modified nylon in automotive. The 2L-4 cylinder
turbo-diesel intake manifold developed by Rover in
conjunction with BASF, BMW and others is made of
nylon 66, which is 30% lighter than the aluminum
intake manifold.
In addition, reinforced nylon can be used for other

stressed parts of the car, such as oil filters, rain
wipers, radiator grilles, etc.
Nylon 3D Printing
PA has high strength and certain flexibility, so it can
be directly used as 3D printing material. At the same
time, with its high strength, it can also realize some
special complex structures that cannot be realized by
other engineering plastics. It requires less design
restrictions and no need to consider support, and
some movable parts and mating parts can be molded
in one go as long as they are reasonably designed.
In addition, due to the adhesive and powder properties

of PA, it can be mixed with ceramic powder, glass
powder, metal powder, etc., and realize low-
temperature 3D printing of ceramic powder, glass
powder and metal powder by bonding.
PA 3D printing can be used for automotive engine

peripheral parts, door handle kits, brake pedals, etc. to
replace traditional metal materials, which is a solution
for automotive lightweighting.
PA - 16
PMMA
Poly methyl methacrylate
Introduction
05
Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a thermoplastic made by the
polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer. PMMA is a
thermoplastic made by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate
monomer, with an average molecular weight of 500,000 to 1 million.
It has good transparency, beautiful appearance, is often used as a
glass replacement material, also known as acrylic or organic glass.
PMMA - 17
Visual: Transparent, adjustable surface, medium gloss
Tactile: Warm, hard
Aural: Low pitch
Sense of smell: No smell
Characteristics
Good transparency, visible light transmittance of
Form
92%, higher than the transparency of glass Plate, bar and other profiles, films
Light weight, half the density of glass
Easy to dye
Easy to process and shape. Can be cut and
machined to obtain various sizes and shapes
Low shrinkage and high dimensional accuracy of Applicable Techniques
manufactured parts
Heat bending, bonding, blow molding, injectio molding,
High strength and is 7-18 times stronger than
extrusion, casting
ordinary glass in terms of tensile and impact
resistance
No sharp fragments when broken
Applications
Architecture - Light glass, transparent roof,
architectural curtain wall, architectural medical body
Transportation - Auto lampshades, aircraft,

bulletproof glass for automobiles
Medical - Bone cement, artificial crystal
Other - Advertising windows, bathtubs, CDs, etc.
PMMA - 18
PLEXIGLAS®
PLEXIGLAS® is one of the world's best-known Acrylic brands, with excellent aging
resistance, long-term UV resistance. PLEXGLAS® is one of the world's leading
acrylic brands with excellent aging resistance and long-term UV resistance. frosted,
high-gloss, light diffusing, heat-insulating, sound-insulating, impact-resistant, and
UV-transparent, etc.
PLEXIGLAS® has a wide range of applications in lighting, electronic communication,
construction, interior decoration, signage, industrial equipment, transportation, etc.
With its excellent weather resistance and transparency, PLEXIGLAS® is more
durable and is the ideal material for outdoor projects. It does not deteriorate after a
certain period of time like other plastic products, it remains crystal clear and new
after decades of use.
PLEXIGLAS® was used for the roof of the Munich Ohrinjenk Arena, which was
completed in 1972.
PMMA - 19
PARAPET
PARAPET is a material made of polymethyl methacrylate material that Kuraray
began developing in 1971 and It has been produced in its own plant since 1973.
Characteristics
High transparency and gloss
High weather resistance and durability
Good chemicalresistance
Good electrical insulation
High strength and good machinability
Free coloring
Applications
Car - Car good, dashboard, etc.
Daily necessities - desktop products, clock,

stationery, cosmetic case, etc.
Optics - Optical films, LCD backlight devices,

glasses, camera lenses, etc.
PMMA - 20
Arkema Altuglas®
Altuglas® was founded in 1992 under the leadership
of Atohaas. Altuglas® acrylics offer light transmission,
UV resistance and aesthetic properties.
Applications
Architecture - Windows, doors, canopies and railings,
noise barriers, aquarium structural panels, interior
and exterior facades, etc.
Automobiles - Wind shields and sun visors, auto

parts, etc.
Optics - Backlight units and screens, LCD TV lighting

units, etc.
Daily use - Gifts and tableware, cosmetic packaging,

toys, etc.
Medical - Medical cabinets, disposable medical

devices, etc.
PMMA - 21
PEEK
Poly-ether-Ether-Ketone
Introduction
06 As a new plastic semi-crystalline aromatic plastic engineering

plastics, PEEK has extremely excellent physical and mechanical
properties. It can replace traditional materials such as metals and
ceramics in many special fields. It is one of the most sought-after
high-performance engineering plastics today for its outstanding
contribution to reducing mass and improving performance.
PEEK was developed in 1978 by Imperial Chemical Industries

(formerly ICI, acquired by Victrex as an independent company in
1993) and has been used as an important strategic defense material
since its introduction, with export restrictions in many countries.
In the 1980s, the British company ZYEX began the production and
development of PEEK fibers, including monofilaments, compound
filaments, hollow PEEK fibers, and other products.
PEEK - 22
High temperature resistant Aerospace - Aircraft parts, internal/external
Good biocompatibility components and rocket engine parts
Excellent mechanical properties and good

dimensional stability Automotive manufacturing - Inner engine covers,
Good self-lubrication automotive bearings, seals and brake pads, etc.
Resistant to sliding wear and micro-abrasion

Excellent flame retardancy, self-extinguishing Medical devices - Human bone pathways, surgical and
Chemically stable, but not resistant to strong dental equipment and medical devices that require
acids high temperature steam sterilization
Good processability, easy for secondary

processing Mechanical field - Compressor valve pieces, piston
rings, seals, etc.
Industrial field - CMP retaining rings, wafer carriers,

Organoleptic properties lead-free soldering, etc. in the semiconductor
industry
Visual: Opaque, texture light sub adjustable
Tactile: Hard, warm
Aural: Low pitch
form
Powder, plastic, fiber
Injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, pressing
PEEK - 23
Electrical & Electronics Food Industry
Today's electronic components have higher PEEK has passed international quality and safety
requirements for product performance, portability, standards such as FDA (U.S. Food and Drug
wireless/high frequency, and longevity.
Administration Standards), LFGB (German Food
Hygiene Management Standards), and RHOS
PEEK is often preferred in some applications in the (European Union Restriction of the Use of Certain
electrical and electronics field where high temperature Hazardous Substances Directive Standards). It can
resistance, excellent mechanical processing stability, replace stainless steel, acetal and nylon in food
flame retardancy, low smoke, corrosion resistance, and processing applications. It eliminates frequent
excellent electrical properties are required. The main maintenance of production line components, metal
applications are currently wires, polymer parts for contamination and debris, performance degradation
circuit breakers, batteries, capacitors, connectors, due to steam and chemical irritation, and lubricant
sockets, and touch screen parts. contamination.
In addition, PPEK has been successfully applied to

cookware applications where environmental and
Human Implant Materials health requirements are most stringent. Non-stick
cookware made with PEEK outperforms ceramic,
PEEK is not only lightweight, non-toxic, and corrosion water-based fluorine and other types of coatings in all
resistant, it is also the closest material to the human performance categories. They have excellent initial
bone brain. It is of great interest because it is nonstick properties, long service life, and excellent
comparable to the hardness of bone, and the doping scratch and abrasion resistance.
or compounding process allows the elastic modulus of

PEEK to be adjusted to a level similar to that of
biological bone tissue. As a result, PEEK is
increasingly used in clinical applications in healthcare,
such as spinal surgery, and orthopedic medical
products.
Compared to typical medical implant materials such

as titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys, PEEK has a
number of advantages. Lower modulus of elasticity,
permeable to X-rays, excellent sterilization. Even after
prolonged exposure to hot steam, ethylene oxide and
y-rays, the original properties remain unchanged.
Good biocompatibility, adjustable mechanical
properties, and greater freedom of design.
PEEK - 24
PP Polypropylene
Introduction
07
Polypropylene (PP) is one of the top five general-purpose plastics. It
is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic plastic made from the
polymerization of the monomer propylene. PP fibers are called
polypropylene and are available in long and short fibers.
Polypropylene was first synthesized in the laboratory in 1954 by

Professor Gulio Natta in Italy.
In 1957, polypropylene was industrially produced. Subsequently,

different polypropylene synthesis technologies were "invented"
several times in different countries and regions.
PP - 25
Characteristics
Low relative density
High impact resistance, strong mechanical
properties
Resistant to many organic solvents and acids and
bases
Organoleptic properties Heat resistant, melting point 160-166, crystal

making can be sterilized by steam
High chemical stability
Visual: Matte, adjustable brightness, medium gloss
When the ambient temperature is below 0°C,

polypropylene becomes brittle
Tactile: Temperature, elasticity, roughness adjustable
Bad colorability, but can be modified by additives
Aural: Low pitch
Form Applications
Resin pellets, fibers, sheets, films, foams Fibers - Polypropylene fibers are used in the
production of woven bags and bagging
Plastics - Plastic bottles, household appliances,

Applicable Techniques lighting equipment
Film - Polypropylene bi-directional punched film

Blow molding, casting, extrusion, injection molding and (BOPP) used as packaging film
rotational molding, cutting
PP - 26
PP synthetic paper - YUPO® PP Fiber - Polypropylene
YUPO® is a synthetic paper made of polypropylene PP fiber is a fiber made from propylene by
(PP). YUPO® has the good printability and comfortable polymerization and melt spinning, commonly known
feel of classic paper. But it also maintains the as polypropylene.
waterproof, oil-proof and tensile personality of plastic

film, with a bright and silky appearance, tough and Polypropylene, which officially began industrial
tear-resistant paper. It is commonly used in production in 1957, is a latecomer to synthetic fibers.
packaging, publishing, food crystal, medical, chemical Polypropylene is now the fourth largest crystal of
and electronic industries.
synthetic fibers, and is the lightest of the common
chemical fibers.
The thickness and translucency of YUPO® can be

flexibly adjusted, from fully translucent to 100% Polypropylene has the advantages of simple
opaque, by adjusting the material and process. The production process, inexpensive products, high
material itself is waterproof and tear-resistant, leaving strength, light weight and warmth. It can be purely
plenty of room for designers and others to be spun or blended with wool, cotton or viscose fiber to
creative. make famous clothing. Used for knitting socks, gloves,
knitted shirts, knitted pants, dishwashing cloth, ant
account cloth, quilt wool, warm filler, diaper
temperature, etc.. In industry, it can be used for
carpet, fishing net, canvas, water hose, etc.
PP - 27
PP Film
PP film occupies an extremely important position in
the packaging material of plastic products.
Polypropylene films can be divided into cast films
(CPP), biaxially drawn films (BOPP) and blown films
(IPP) according to their processing.
CPP film is a non-stretch, non-directional flat
extruded film with light weight, high transparency,
good flatness, good rigidity, strong mechanical
adaptability and heat sealability, etc. It is most widely
used in foodpackaging.
BOPP film is made by coextruding polypropylene
pellets to form a sheet and then stretching it in both
directions. It’s light, non-toxic, odorless, moisture-
proof, high mechanical strength, good dimensional
stability, good printing performance, good
transparency, low temperature resistance, etc. It is the
most widely used printing film.
IPP film is a polypropylene film produced by down-
blowing water-cooled blown film technology. The
modified IPP film has high impact resistance at low
temperature, high slipperiness, high transparency,
high impact strength, good toughness, and anti-static
properties, and is mainly used for packaging of fried
snacks, bread, textile products, folders, record sleeves,
etc.
PP - 28
PE Polyethylene
Introduction
08
Polyethylene (PE) is a polymer material prepared by the reaction of
monomeric ethylene, the main chain of the molecule repeating unit
structure is -CH2 -. The production of polyethylene is the first
general-purpose plastic, widely used in various fields of industry and
life.
Polyethylene was first synthesized in 1898 by German chemist Hans

von Pechmann in an experimental accident.
In 1922, ICI synthesized polyethylene in the UK and started industrial

production in 1939.
PE - 29
Characteristics
Non-toxic and odorless
Processed into plasticity, soft and tough
Good electrical insulation
Good low temperature resistance, minimum use
temperature -100℃
Good chemical stability, resistant to most acids
and bases, but not to concentrated sulfuric acid
and nitric acid
Poor heat aging resistance, easy to degrade under
the action of ultraviolet light
Applications
Film - Packaging materials for various food crystals,
Organoleptic properties clothing, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, industrial

productsand agricultural films
Hollow Containers - Food crystal packaging,

Visual: Matte, brightness adjustable, glossy medium
household kitchenware, crates and other daily-use

miscellaneous products
Tactile: Warm and waxy, elastic, malleable

Tube Sheet - Building Materials
Aural: Low pitch
Fibers - Mainly used in the production of fishing nets

Sense of smell: No smell and ropes, or spun into short fibers used as wadding.
Also used for industrial acid and alkali resistant
fabrics; ultra-high strength polyethylene-end fibers
(strength up to 3-4GPa), can be used as bulletproof
undershirts
Form
Masterbatches, fibers, tubes, sheets, films, rods,
coils, honeycomb structures, foams
Injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, cast and
flow molding
PE - 30
Classification
High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE, High Density Polyethylene)
The density is between 0.940-0.970g/c㎡, its

molecular chain is linear plastic structure, with only a
small amount of chain, high crystallinity. It is hard,
tough and elastic.
HDPE can be injected, blow molded and extruded into

plastic ready products, HDPE film is used for food
packaging and so on. It is used as plastic bottles more
in daily life.
Low Density Polyethylene
(LDPE, Low Density Polyethylene)

More branched molecular chain is more branched, low
strength, relatively high transparency, and relatively
low oil resistance and water resistance.
LDPE is suitable for various plasticizing processes of

thermoplastic forming, and has good plasticizing
processability.
The main use of LDPE in daily life is for film products,

such as cling film, etc. LDPE is also used in injection
molding products, food and drug packaging materials,
blow molding hollow molding products, etc.
PE - 31
Linear Low Density Polyethylene
(LLDPE, Linear Low Density Polyethylene)
The density is between 0.915-0.940g/c㎡, and the
molecular side chains are short branched. The most
important feature of LLDPE is that it has a wide range
of controllable properties and many adjustment
methods.
LLDPE is mostly used in agricultural film, packaging
film, wire and cable, pipe, coating products, etc.
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
(UHMWPE, Ultra high molecular weight
polyethylene)
UHMWPE is a thermoplastic engineering plastic with
excellent overall performance. It is a thermoplastic
engineering plastic with excellent overall
performance. It has high specific strength, high
specific modulus, wear resistance, chemical
resistance, outstanding impact resistance and cut
resistance. The density of UHMWPE is 0.94-0.98g/c
㎡, and it can float on the water.
UHMWPE plays an important role in aerospace,
protective equipment, marine industry, etc. It is used
in various plastic molding products, ballistic armor,
protective gloves, ropes, etc.
PE - 32
DuPont™ Tyvek®
DuPont™ Tyvek® is a nonwoven material made from

100% high-density photovoltaic vinyl using DuPont's
patented flash tea spunbond process, combining the
material properties of paper, film and woven fabric.
Tyvek® is waterproof, breathable, lightweight, strong,

tear-resistant, puncture-resistant, anti-bacteria, anti-
mite, dust-proof, highly reflective, and UV-resistant.
Easy to print, suitable for various processing
processes, environmentally friendly and recyclable,
unique appearance and touch and other excellent
material characteristics.
Currently, Tyvek® is widely used in waterproof and

breathable materials for construction, chemical
protective clothing, medical packaging materials,
cargo heat shields/insulation covers, printed
packaging, creative design and art crystals, industrial
packaging, envelopes, labels and tags, wristbands,
number plates, outdoor advertising, mite proof bed
covers, and various protective covers. labels and tags,
wristbands, number plates, outdoor advertising, mite
proof bed covers, and various types of protective
covers, etc.
PE - 33
UTEC® Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene
UTEC® is a line of ultra-high molecular weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE) products manufactured
exclusively by Braskem.
UTEC® is 8 times lighter than steel and has
approximately 10 times the molecular weight of HDPE
resins, offering excellent mechanical properties such
as high wear resistance, impact strength and low
coefficient of friction. It is a self-lubricating, high-
strength, lightweight and machinable product.
UTEC® is used in a wide range of industries:
construction, agriculture, material handling,
transportation, textiles, pulp and paper, food and
beverage, mining, marine, porous plastics, oil and gas,
performance fibers, energy storage and wastewater
treatment.
PE - 34
PS Polystyrene
Introduction
09
Polystyrene (PS) is a polystyrene monomer that is polymerized to
produce a non-styrene monomer.
Color transparent thermoplastics, which foam service styrene Bur

called Polytron (also known as Polytron, commonly known as
styrofoam in Hong Kong). Blue styrene is usually processed into food
packaging bags, sea foam lunch boxes, toys, building filler insulation
materials, etc.
Polystyrene was first extracted from natural resins by German

Eduard Simon in 1839. 1930, BASF began commercial production of
polystyrene in Germany.
In 1954, Dow began producing polystyrene foam.
PS - 35
Characteristics Applicable Techniques
High transparency Molding, cutting, injection molding
Easy to mold, easy to high color, easy to print
Good electrical insulation greenness and rigidity
Large anteriority, impact resistance monitor, prone
to stress cracking
Relatively low heat deflection temperature
Organoleptic properties Applications

Visual: Brightness selection, glossiness adjustable
General-purpose PS: Applied to instrument housings,

automotive lampshades, lighting products, a variety
Tactile: Adjustable temperature, hardness, and phase of containers, high-frequency capacitors, high-
mention degree
frequency insulation supplies, light number fiber,

packaging materials, etc.
Aural: Low pitch
Optional-purpose PS: Applied to building exterior

Late sensation: No smell
insulation, transportation, refrigeration, chemical
equipment insulation, thermal insulation and shock
absorbing materials, etc.
Form
Pellets, sheets, foam, foams
PS - 36
Impact Resistant Polystyrene (HIPS)
Impact resistant polystyrene (HIPS) is an impact

resistant polystyrene product produced by adding
polybutyl rubber particles to polystyrenel. It is mainly
used in packaging, disposables, toys, and household
capacitor housings or components.
This polystyrene product is made by joining

polystyrene and rubber particles by grafting. When
impacted, the tip force of crack expansion is released
by the relatively soft rubber particles. As a result,
crack expansion is hindered and impact resistance is
improved.
Expanded Grade Polystyrene (EPS)
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a light plastic polymer

that uses polystyrene resin to add blowing agents
while heating to soften and produce gas, forming a
rigid closed-cell structure of foam.
EPS has the characteristics of low water absorption,

good heat preservation, light weight and high
mechanical strength.
PS - 37
PLA Polylactic Acid
Introduction
10
Polylactic acid (PLA), also known as polypropylene cross-ester, is a
thermoplastic polymer obtained by artificial chemical synthesis of
lactic acid produced by biological hair, and is also a new type of
biodegradable material. PLA is a new type of biodegradable material.
PLA is mainly made from natural materials such as corn, which is
renewable, environmentally friendly, malleable, and easy to process
and mold.
PLA - 38
Very good biodegradability Packaging - Mainly used in bags, packaging film,
Good biocompatibility, safety medical film, foam, tableware, etc.
Good tensile strength and ductility

Poor hydrolysis resistance Medical - Drug controlled release systems, orthopedic
High brittleness and poor heat resistance fixation, tissue adsorption materials, surgical sutures,
The degradation cycle is difficult to control
oral fixation materials, eye materials, etc.
Electronic appliances - Computer parts, portable
Organoleptic properties laptop cases, cell phone parts, home appliance parts,
etc.
Visual: Opaque
Automobile - Car Interior
Tactile: Warm
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Sheet, plate, wire, fiber, film
Injection molding, spinning, extrusion, blow molding,
blown film molding, foam molding, vacuum casting
PLA - 39
Packaging 3D Printing PLA
Our plastic waste mainly comes from agricultural film PLA is a common bioplastic that can be used for 30
and disposable packaging materials in people's daily printing. Its 3D printed products have smooth surface
life, which is difficult and costly to recycle.
glue and no warpage, and have led a wide range of
applications in biomedical fields including medical
Polylactic acid materials are biodegradable. The end models, bone tissue repair scaffolds and drug delivery
product of degradation is carbon dioxide and water, systems.
and the intermediate product of decomposition is

lactic acid, which is harmless to human body, and the There are already successful case studies using FDM
raw materials used in its production are renewable 3D printing technology to produce PLA disks. In vitro
resources. Therefore, it can replace traditional plastics tests using human fetal osteoblasts have also been
in agricultural films, medical films, disposable performed and have shown no cytotoxic effects on
packaging materials, etc. PLA disks. This demonstrates that the FDM process
has no negative impact on the biocompatibility of PLA
materials and can be further used for reconstructive
Medical surgery and the production of scaffolds of various
shapes.
PLA has good physical degradation and antibacterial

At the same time, 3D-printed PLA scaffolds made
properties, and can be absorbed by human tissues,
with FDM printers were treated with low-temperature
which is highly safe for human body. In recent years, it
plasma (CAP), which significantly increased the
has been widely used in medical and health fields.
hydrophilicity of the scaffolds and could positively

After entering the human body, PLA not only has affect the proliferation of or bone cap cells.
sufficient initial mechanical strength, but the

The main applications of photolactography in the
degradation rate can also correspond to the tissue cell
medical field are controlled release systems,
growth rate during the degradation process in order to
orthopedic fixation, tissue adsorption materials,
maintain the appropriate mechanical strength.
surgical The main applications in the medical field are

The main applications of PLA in the medical field are drug-controlled release systems, orthopedic fixation,
currently controlled release systems, orthopedic tissue adsorption materials, surgical construction, oral
fixation, tissue adsorption materials, surgical. The monitoring materials, material extraction materials,
main applications of PLA in medical field are drug etc.
controlled release system, orthopedic fixation, tissue
adsorption material, surgical bonding wire, oral
fixation material, eye material, etc.
PLA - 40
PTFE
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Introduction
11
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a polymer compound made from
tetrafluor oethylene by polymerization, in which the fluorine atom
replaces the hydrogen atom in polyethylene. Due to the great
electronegativity of the fluorine atom, the fluorocarbon bond is
extremely strong and the molecular structure has a helical
conformation, which gives PTFE a variety of excellent physical and
chemical properties.
PTFE is the world's first industrially produced fluorine resin, and it is
also the largest fluorine resin produced to date.
PTFE - 41
Excellent chemical stability, good corrosion PTFE coating - Sealing, corrosion protection, anti-stick
resistance, resistant to strong acids, strong alkalis, and lubrication areas, such as non-stick pan coatings
water and various organic solvents

High and low temperature resistance (working PTFE fiber - High temperature ice bags, protection,
temperature range -190℃ -260℃ ) medical and other areas of the city
Non-stick, lubricity, coefficient of friction ≤ 0.1

Excellent electrical insulation (resistivity up to PTFE microporous membranes- Solid liquid filtration,
10180-cm), low dielectric loss solid-gas filtration, oil-water separation, waterproof
Excellent aging resistance and radiation and moisture- Permeable textile and apparel, medical
resistance devices and tissue-filled stents, etc.
Low water absorption rate (0.001%-0.005%)

Large coefficient of linear expansion, easy to cold PTFE composite materials - Automotive parts,
flow, molding and secondary processing electronics and machinery, etc.
difficulties
Visual: Opaque, texture light sub adjustable
Tactile: Greased
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Powder, fiber, coating section, film, sheet
Molding, high temperature casting, wet spinning
PTFE - 42
Oil-free lubrication material PTFE Fiber
PTFE has the lowest coefficient of friction of any PTFE fiber has excellent chemical stability. Corrosion
known solid material. It performs far better than resistance is better than other synthetic fiber
phenolic resins, nylon, and probably only high varieties: the fiber surface has a waxy feel and small
molecular weight polyethylene can match it.
friction coefficient: the actual use temperature is
120-180 degree Celsius. Also has better weather
Some equipment has friction parts that should not be resistance and flexural resistance. However, it has
lubricated with oil. For example, in the lubricating poor dyeing and thermal conductivity, poor abrasion
grease will be dissolved by the solvent and failure of resistance, high coefficient of thermal expansion, and
the occasion or paper, pharmaceutical, food, textile easy to generate static electricity. It is compounded
and other industrial areas of the product needs to with aramid or nylon to prepare the heat insulation
avoid lubricating oil staining, which makes the filled layer and anti-tear layer in astronaut suits.
PTFE materials become the most ideal material for

oil-free lubrication (direct load bearing) of mechanical In architecture, PTFE fiber can be used to make
equipment parts. It can be used for all kinds of membrane structure building materials. It has good
bearings, gears and pulleys in machinery. light transmission, which can reduce the cost of
lighting and air conditioning. Its surface friction
coefficient is low, not easy to accumulate dust, light
weight and shock resistance, non-combustible, can
PTFE Coating effectively guarantee the safety of the building, the
construction period of the large frame roof can be
PTFE coating has been used to coat many composite shortened by about half.
materials due to its excellent properties, even on

aircraft in the aviation industry. High-end composite In medical, because of PTFE chemically stable, non-
materials are mostly carbon fiber and glass fiber, both toxic, has good physiological compatibility, will not
of which are much weaker than PTFE in terms of lead to human rejection, disinfection is convenient.
corrosion resistance, so they are coated with a layer of Therefore, it can be used in the manufacture of
PTFE on the outside to provide a good barrier. This is surgical sutures, human soft tissue, such as artificial
not only used in the aviation industry, but also in other blood vessels, heart, etc
areas such as construction. One example is the world-
famous Burj Al Arab in Dubai. The Burj Al Arab, also
known as the "Sailboat Hotel", is the world's first
seven-star hotel.
Its exterior is made of fiberglass coated with PTFE.

These surface film materials are resistant to UV rays,
fire, day and night temperatures and sandstorms.
PTFE - 43
TPE
Thermoplastic Elastomer
Introduction
12
Thermoplastic elastomer TPE/TPR, also known as synthetic rubber or
synthetic rubber. It is a class of elastomer with the elasticity of
rubber at room temperature and can be plasticized and molded at
high temperature. Its products not only have the traditional cross-
linked vulcanized rubber high elasticity, aging resistance, oil
resistance of the excellent performance, but also has the ordinary
plastic processing convenience, processing a wide range of
characteristics, is a new type of polymer materials between rubber
and resin, often referred to as the second generation of rubber.
Thermoplastic elastomers do not require vulcanization and are

simple to mold and process. Compared with traditional vulcanized
rubber, the industrial production process has been shortened by 1/4,
which is called a technical revolution in the rubber industry.
TPE - 44
Characteristics Classification
Highly resilient Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) can be summarized as
Aging resistance two types of general-purpose TPE and engineering
Oil resistant TPE, which have been developed to more than 30
Simple molding process varieties in 10 categories.
The world has industrialized production of TPE are:

styrene (SBS, SIS, SEBS, SEPS), olefins (TPO, TPV),
diene (TPB, TPI), vinyl chloride (TPVC, TCPE),
Organoleptic properties ammonia ester (TPU), ester (TPEE), amide (TPAE),

organic fluorine (TPF), silicone and ethylene, etc.,
Visual: Low gloss, adjustable transparency
covering almost all fields of synthetic rubber and

synthetic resin. Almost all fields of synthetic rubber
Tactile: Bounce
and synthetic resin are now covered.
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Pellets, films, foams, sheets
Injection molding, extrusion and casting.
TPE - 45
Styrene Block Copolymer TPE Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer
Rubber TPU
Styrene TPE, also known as TPS, is a copolymer of TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethanes) is the name of
butadiene or isoprene and styrene block type, and its thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber. It has a
performance is closest to SBR rubber. The wide range of hardness (60HA-85HD), wear
representative variety is styrene a butadiene a styrene resistance, oil resistance, transparency, good
paragraph copolymer (SBS), hardness range 0-100A, elasticity, and is widely used in daily necessities,
the appearance of transparent or natural color sporting goods, toys, decorative materials, etc.
particles, widely used in the shoe industry. Has mostly Halogen-free flame retardant TPU can also replace
replaced the rubber.
soft PVC to meet the environmental requirements of
The main types of styrenics applications are: footwear, more and more fields.
wire and cable, biomedical applications, adhesives, TPU has been widely used in: shoe materials,
sealants, coatings, fillers, impact modification, garments, inflatable toys, water and underwater
asphalt, compatibilizers, etc. sports equipment, medical equipment, fitness
equipment, car seat materials, umbrellas, leather
cases, leather bags, etc.
Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer TPEE

TPU can also be molded by injection molding and
Polyester TPE (TPEE) is a class of linear block extrusion to produce parts for automobiles, machinery
copolymers containing a hard segment (crystalline and watches, and is used in large quantities for high-
phase) of PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) polyester pressure hoses (outer rubber), pure rubber hoses,
and a soft segment of aliphatic polyester or polyether sheets, transmission belts, conveyor belts, wires and
(amorphous phase).
cables, and adhesive fabrics. Among them, injection
molding accounts for more than 40%, and extrusion
TPEE is a high-performance engineering grade molding is about 35%.
elastomer. It has the advantages of high mechanical
strength, good elasticity, impact resistance, creep Thermoplastic Polyolefin TPO
resistance, cold resistance, bending fatigue
resistance, oil resistance, chemical and solvent Olefin TPE is referred to as TPO, because it is lighter
erosion resistance, etc. It has good processability, and than other TPEs in specific gravity (only 0.88), heat
can be filled, reinforced and alloyed modified. It is resistance up to 100°C, weather resistance and ozone
widely used in the fields of auto parts, hydraulic resistance as well.
hoses, cables and wires, electronic appliances,

industrial products, cultural and sports goods, In 1981, Mansanto Company in the United States
biological materials, etc.
successfully developed a fully dynamic vulcanized
TPO, TPV, under the name of Santoprere, which has
significantly improved the compression deformation
resistance, heat aging resistance and oil resistance of
TPO, even reaching the level of CR rubber. Therefore,
it is also called thermoplastic vulcanized rubber.
TPO has been commonly used in the automotive

industry, mainly as molded parts for automotive
exteriors (e.g. buffer pallets, air guides, side moldings,
gap fillers, grills, end caps). They are also used as
vertical body wall panels and fender expansion parts.
Non-automotive applications include wire and cable
insulation and sheathing, windshield (rain) strips, tool
handles, sporting goods and other injection and
extrusion molded products.
TPE - 46
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
Introduction
13
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a polymeric material obtained by the
polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, which is the third most
widely used general-purpose synthetic resin after polyethylene and
polypropylene.
In 1912, German Frez Klatte synthesized PVC and applied for a

German patent, but was not able to develop a suitable product before
the patent expired.
In 1926, Waldo Semon of B.F. Goodrich synthesized PVC and

patented it in the U.S. They plasticized PVC by adding various
additives to make it a softer and easier to process material and it
was soon widely used commercially.
PVC - 47
Characteristics Applicable Techniques
Acid and corrosion resistant Casting, extrusion, injection molding, blow molding
Flame retardant, insulation
Poor light and heat stability, need to add stabilizer
in application
PVC application must use plasticizer, the material
state can change from soft and elastic to hard and
brittle
Organoleptic properties Applications

Visual: Matte, adjustable transparency, medium gloss
Building materials- Pipes, components, window

frames, plastic materials, waterproofing membranes,
Tactile: Soft, warm
flooring
Aural: Low pitch
Electronics- Wire, wire, tape, pins

Others- Dashboard foam board, packaging, film,
bottles, etc.
Form
Resin granules, pipes, plastic materials including
sheets, plates, rolls, etc., fibers, foams, films, coatings
PVC - 48
PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid and flexible.
Rigid PVC products are used in pipes, window and door profiles, bottles, and bank
or membership cards.
Flexible PVC crystals can be used for hoses, wire and cable insulators, hoses and
other plastic materials.
Building Materials
PVC is a very durable material and is used very widely

in the construction industry. It has high chemical
stability, high mechanical strength, good corrosion
resistance, flame retardant, smooth inner wall, low
fluid flow loss; light specific gravity, easy
transportation and installation. So it is commonly used
in drainage system of building materials, etc.
toys Artificial Leather
PVC can be produced by almost all plastic processing. PVC artificial leather is a composite material made by
Simple processing, low cost and easy to color, PVC is coating or laminating polyvinyl chloride resin with
also widely used in the manufacture of toys.
certain additives on the substrate. It is similar to
natural leather and has the characteristics of bright
As products that come into close contact with the appearance, soft texture, wear resistance, folding
human body, the use of plasticizers is often a concern resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc.
in toys and other skin-friendly applications of PVC. In

the future, the use of non-toxic and environmentally PVC artificial leather can be classified into several
friendly plasticizers in PVC products will be the kinds from usage, such as shoes, bags and flooring
mainstream trend. materials.
PVC - 49
PET
Polyethylene terephthalate
Introduction
14
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a highly symmetrical molecular
structure with some crystalline orientation, is a milky white
translucent or colorless transparent body with a smooth and shiny
surface.
In 1941, Whinfield, together with Dikson and others, applied for a

patent for PET material.
In 1953, DuPont purchased the patent and established a production

unit for industrial production.
PET - 50
Characteristics
Good optical transparency
Good mechanical properties, good dimensional
stability
Good electrical insulation and friction resistance
Good weather resistance
Visual: Adjustable transparency, medium gloss
Tactile: Warm
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Plastic pellets, films, fibers, sheets
Applicable Techniques Applications

Extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, spinning,
weaving Fiber - Polyester fiber, finished products called
polyester
Film - Substrates for audio, video, film, optical discs,

insulating film, product packaging, etc.
Plastics - Electronic appliances, automotive parts,

home appliances, such as home appliance housings,
automotive door handles, connectors, switches,
microwave oven baking pans, etc. PET can be blown
into a variety of bottles, such as Coke bottles, mineral
water bottles, PET bottles, etc.
PET - 51
Film Packaging
PET film is one of the commonly used substrates for PET's crystal-like purity and excellent hygienic safety
permeability-blocking laminated films.

have led to their large-scale use in food packaging
such as mineral water or beverages, which can
It is colorless, transparent and glossy film with

functionally prevent food spoilage and bring out the
excellent mechanical properties, high rigidity,

color of the liquid or food. wave containers,
hardness and toughness, puncture resistance, friction

transparent films, etc.
resistance, high and low temperature resistance, good
chemical resistance, oil resistance, air tightness and
fragrance retention.
Polyester Fiber
It can be widely used in magnetic recording,

PET development in the early stages of almost all
photosensitive materials, electronics, electrical
used in the synthesis of polyester fiber, commonly
insulation, industrial films, packaging decoration,
known as polyester in China. Polyester is one of the
screen protection, optical grade mirror surface
three major synthetic fibers in the simplest process,
protection and other fields.
the price is also relatively inexpensive, the largest
production, a wide range of uses, a large number of

Some of our common cell phone screen protectors are
manufacturing clothing surface section and industrial
made of PET substrate.
products.
Polyester has excellent shaping properties, polyester
yarn or fabric after shaping generated by the flat,
fluffy form or pleats, etc., in use by many times in the
wash, but still can be unchanged.
PET - 52
PBT
Polybutylene terephthalate
Introduction
15
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic polyester with
similar molecular chain structure and most of the same properties as
PET, except that the molecular main chain monomer unit is four
methylene, so the molecular chain is more flexible and has good
processing performance. engineering plastics have different
applications.
PBT spinning elasticity is between spandex and polyester, dyeability

is better than ammonia absolute, comfort is higher, and price is far
more than spandex, currently it is widely used in underwear,
bulletproof denim, sportswear and other products that need elastic
fabric.
PBT - 53
High mechanical strength and good dimensional Engineering plastics - Automotive parts, electronics,
stability electrical appliances, small appliances, business
Good abrasion resistance equipment and communication equipment, etc.
Not high impact strength

Thermal stability Fibers - Wigs, brushes, elastic fabrics such as
Good electrical insulation underwear, bulletproof denim, sportswear, etc.
Good chemical stability, resistant to most chemical

reagents at room temperature Film - Rainbow film, food packaging film, etc., mainly
used as the outermost layer in the food packaging
laminate film.
Visual: Adjustable brightness
Tactile: Hard, warm
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Plastic pellets, sheets, fibers, films
Injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, ultrasonic
welding, etc.
PBT - 54
The history of PBT development is not long yet, but due to its excellent
performance, it has been more widely used, mainly for making parts of electronic
appliances, automobiles, mechanical equipment and precision instruments.
With the increasing amount of PBT resin, the defects of PBT materials such as poor
flame retardant performance, insufficient heat deflection temperature and
insufficient notch impact strength are becoming more and more obvious. In order to
make up for the deficiencies in the performance of pure PBT resin and broaden its
application fields, the relevant personnel have been modifying it.
There are mainly three types of PBT modification products: glass fiber reinforced,
flame retardant modified, and co-mingled gold modified.
Glass Fiber Reinforced
Glass fiber is well bonded with PBT resin. After adding
a certain amount of glass fiber to PBT resin, it can not
only maintain the original advantages of PBT resin
such as chemical resistance and processability, but
also can have a substantial improvement of its
mechanical properties and overcome the notch
sensitivity of PBT resin.
Glass fiber reinforced PBT is mainly used in
automobiles, electronics and power tools, and the
proportion of glass fiber The proportion of glass fiber
is different, and the application area is also different,
and the commonly added proportion is 30%.
Flame retardant modified
PBT is a crystalline aromatic polyester. Without adding
flame retardant, its flame retardancy are of
UL94HB grade, after adding flame retardant, it can
reach UL94V0 grade. Flame-retardant PBT materials
are commonly used in capacitor cases, Gorey
Co-Mingled Gold Modification

induction coil winding, rice cookers, socket
connectors, micro switches, timers, coil bobbins, etc.
The main purpose of blending PBT with other

The parts of these appliances
polymers: to improve the notch impact strength, to
Parts of these appliances such as capacitor switches, improve the warpage deformation caused by molding
socket connectors, etc. need to meet the and processing shrinkage, and to improve heat
requirements of electrical safety. resistance, which are used for the blending of PBT.
The polymers used for PBT blending are mainly PC,
PET, etc. PBT alloy is mainly used in automobile
bumpers, automobile handles, electronic components,
etc.
PBT - 55
PI Polyimide
Introduction
16
Polyimide (PI) is a class of polymers containing cyclic imide groups in
the molecular chain, and is a specialty engineering plastic with
excellent performance. It can be processed into various forms such
as films, engineering plastics, fibers, matrix resins for composites,
binders and foams.
PI - 56
Characteristics
High temperature resistance, flame retardant,
decomposition temperature up to 550-600℃ ,
long-term use temperature up to 200-380℃
Excellent mechanical properties, high strength,
high modulus
Good creep resistance and dimensional stability
Excellent weather resistance
Corrosion resistant
Visual: Uncomfortable bright, light subtexture
adjustable
Tactile: Warm
Aural: Low pitch
Applications
Thin film - Flexible printed circuit board substrates,

solar cell substrates, high temperature resistant
Classification electrical insulation materials, flexible displays, gas

separation films, etc.
According to the different molecular chain structures, Fiber - High performance insulation paper for high-
polyimide can be divided into four categories: grade motor insulation; honeycomb core for
homopolymer PI, soluble PI, polyamide aimide (PAI), lightweight composites.
and polyetherimide (PEI).

Coatings - Coatings for Electrical Insulation.
Form Foam - Aerospace, such as lightweight, high-

temperature resistant insulation components for
Fibers, engineering plastics, films, adhesives, foams aircraft.
PI - 57
Polyimide can be made into films, resins, fibers, etc. It is very versatile because of
its designable structure.
PI film
PI film is one of the earliest commercialized

commodities of polyimide, initially used for slot
insulation of electric motors and cable winding
materials. It has developed into one of the important
raw materials in electronic and electrical fields.
PI film is a competitive advantage of high-

temperature insulation materials with high strength,
high toughness, wear resistance, high and low PI Fiber
temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.
The rigid aromatic heterocyclic structure in the main

It is one of the two major areas of electronic and chain of PI fiber molecules makes it flame retardant,
electrical upstream important raw materials, widely resistant to high and low temperatures, corrosion
used in aerospace, electrical and electronic, resistant and has excellent mechanical properties. and
semiconductor engineering, microelectronics and excellent mechanical properties.
integrated circuits, nanomaterials, liquid crystal

So it has a very good in the field of protection,
displays, LED packaging, precision machinery and
reinforcement, high-temperature filtration, etc.
other fields.
development and application. It has begun from
special protection, aerospace and other high-tech
fields to the livelihood of the clothing It has begun to
extend from special protection, aerospace and other
high-tech fields to people's clothing.
PI - 58
PI Foam
PI foam is a foam material made from polyimide resin
raw material and additives such as foaming agent and
sea foam stabilizer through polymerization and
foaming reaction.
PI foam variety, density (5-400kg/㎡), with designable,

outstanding insulation, especially with excellent
resistance to high and low temperatures (-250-450
degree Celsius), radiation resistance, flame retardant,
low smoke, as well as no harmful gas release and
other properties, these unique properties are
unmatched by traditional foam.
PI foam materials are increasingly used as key

materials for heat insulation, vibration and noise
reduction and insulation in aerospace, national
defense, microelectronics and other high-tech fields.
PI - 59
PF Phenolic Resin
Introduction
17
Phenolic Resin (PF) is the first synthetic resin industrialized by
mankind, which is prepared by addition condensation reaction with
aldehydes through the action of catalyst and curing agent.
Depending on the raw materials used, catalysts, reaction conditions

and reaction systems, different phenolic resins can be prepared. It is
commonly used in the manufacture of electrical materials and is
commonly known as Bakelite.
In 1872, German chemist Alf von Bayer synthesized phenolic resins

for the first time.
In 1907, chemist Leo Hendrik, Baker City improved the production

technology of phenolic resins and pushed the resin to
industrialization.
In 1910, he established the General Bakelite Company to produce

phenolic resins and gave the phenolic resin the trademark name
"Bakelte" after himself.
PF - 60
High temperature resistance, even at very high The thermoplastic phenolic resin - The manufacture of
temperatures, to maintain the structural integrity electrical parts such as switches, sockets, plugs, daily
of the dimensional stability necessities and other industrial products, high
High bond strength electrical insulation parts
Low smoke and non-toxic

Good chemical stability resistance Phenolic coatings - Wood, furniture, construction,
machinery, electrical machinery, ships and chemical
anti-corrosion coating, etc.
Organoleptic properties Phenolic adhesives - Structural Adhesives
Phenolic fibers - Protective clothing and flame

Visual: Opaque
resistant fabrics or upholstery
Tactile: Hard
Phenolic foam - Central air conditioning system, light

insulation color steel plate, heat insulation and energy
Aural: Low pitch
reduction insulation of houses, insulation material of

chemical pipeline (especially deep low temperature
insulation), insulation field of car and ship and other
places
Form Phenolic composite materials - Phenolic resin FRP,

phenolic-epoxy resin composite FRP, etc.
Solid resins, granules, powders, foams, adhesives,
fibers
Injection molding, compression molding, transfer
molding
PF - 61
Phenolic Resin Adhesives
Phenolic resin adhesives have high bond strength,

high temperature resistance, water resistance, oil
resistance, easy to modify, is one of the most widely
used varieties in the field of synthetic adhesives.
Single phenolic resin adhesive brittle, mainly used for

plywood and fine casting sand bonding: other
polymers modified phenolic resin-based adhesives, in
the structural adhesive occupies an important
position.
Phenolic Resin Coating
Phenolic resin coatings or phenolic resin lacquers are

coatings or phenolic resin lacquers made of phenolic
resin or modified phenolic resin as the main resin,
which have been used in the coating industry for more
than 70 years.
It mainly replaces natural resins with dry oil to make

lacquer. Phenolic resin gives the paint properties such
as hardness, gloss, fast drying, water resistance, acid
and alkali resistance and insulation. So it is widely
used in wood, furniture, construction, ships,
machinery, electrical and chemical corrosion
prevention. However, phenolic resin is easy to yellow
in the aging process, so it is not straightforward to
manufacture white and light-colored paints.
Phenolic Fiber
Phenolic fiber is a golden or yellow-brown fiber,
outstanding flame resistance, limit oxygen index of 34,
instant contact with nearly 7,500 ℃ oxygen -
acetylene flame, not molten nor extended combustion,
with self-extinguishing, but also resistant to
concentrated hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid,
but poor resistance to sulfuric acid, nitric acid and
strong alkali performance.
Phenolic fibers are mainly used as protective clothing

and flame-resistant fabrics or interior decorations,
also used as insulation, heat insulation and insulation,
filtering materials, etc. They can also be processed
into low strength and low modulus carbon fibers,
activated carbon fibers and ion exchange fibers, etc.
PF - 62
EVA
Ethylene vinyl acetate

Introduction
18
Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate copolymer,
EVA for short), is one of the important ethylene copolymers. EVA is
made of ethylene (E) and vinyl acetate (VA)
Copolymerization and made of ethylene (E) and vinyl acetate (VA),

which contains about 5%-40% (wt%) of vinyl acetate.
The proportion of these two components can be adjusted to meet

the needs of different applications. Among them, the higher the VA
content, material transparency, softness and toughness, adhesion
will be relatively high, you can use adhesives, coatings, coatings, or
made of EVA foam. VA content reduces the material close to the
performance of polyethylene, rigidity becomes larger, wear
resistance, electrical insulation, impact strength improved.
EVA - 63
EVA foam material has good sound and heat Foam pro ducts: Middle and high-grade sports shoes
insulation, good shockproof and cushioning soles, insoles, accessories, etc.; construction, cable
performance line insulation, sound insulation materials, gymnastic
Good chemical stability, acid, alkali and other mats, dense pair of materials, etc.
chemical corrosion resistance, good anti-aging and

ozone resistance Film products: Elastic packaging film, heat shrinkable
Low temperature resistance, still has good film, agricultural film, food packaging film, laminated
flexibility at -50℃ film, etc.
Good processability and colorability

Soft and supple Adhesives: Bonding packaging, shoe materials,
Non-toxic, antibacterial, odorless woodworking, plastic products, etc.
EVA resin: Plastic and modified materials, can be used

Organoleptic properties to manufacture injection molding products, cables,
films, foam shoe soles, etc.
Visual: Lrightness adjustable, glossy medium
EVA elastomer: Elastomer, PVC toughening agent,

auto parts
Tactile: Soft, warm, elastic
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Plastic pellets, sheets, fibers, films
Injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, casting,
rotational molding, foam, coating, heat sealing,
welding, etc.
EVA - 64
Foamed EVA
Shoe material is the most important application area
of EVA resin. EVA resin used in shoe materials, vinyl
acetate content is generally 15% -22%.
As EVA resin blended foam products only soft, elastic,

chemical resistance and other properties, so it is
widely used in high-grade travel shoes, hiking shoes,
slippers, sandals The soles and interior materials of
sandals.
In addition, this material is also used in sound

insulation panels. Gymnastic mats and sealing
Hot Melt Adhesive materials.
EVA hot melt adhesive is a solvent-free, moisture-
free, 100% solid fusible polymer. It is a solid at room
temperature and becomes a liquid adhesive that flows
and has a certain viscosity when heated and melted to
a certain degree.
EVA hot melt adhesive cohesion, melt surface tension

is small, for almost all substances have hot glue force.
Non-toxic, non-polluting, bonding quickly, known as
the green adhesive. Widely used in non-mechanized
packaging, furniture making, shoe making, wireless
binding and daily and often supplies bonding.
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free

version)
EVA Film
The main application of EVA film is the production of
functional scaffolding film. Functional scaffolding
films have high weather resistance, anti-dripping and
thermal insulation properties. Since polyethylene is
not polarized, even with a certain amount of anti-
droplet agent, its anti-droplet performance can only
be maintained for about 2 months.
The amount of EVA resin added to the film, not only

has higher light transmittance, but also has improved
anti-droplet performance, generally more than 4
months.
In addition, EVA can also be used to produce

packaging film, medical film, laminated film, casting
film, etc.
EVA - 65
PC/ABS Alloy
Introduction
19
PC/ABS is a thermoplastic plastic made of polycarbonate
(Polycarbonate) and polyacrylonitrile (ABS) alloy, which combines the
excellent characteristics of both materials. The plasticity of ABS
material and the mechanical properties of PC, impact strength and
temperature resistance, ultraviolet (UV) resistance and other
properties.
PC/ABS can be modified to obtain various types of products such as
high impact resistance, high heat resistance, flame retardant,
reinforced, transparent, hydrolytic stability, ultra-low gloss, spray-
free, chemical solvent resistance, etc. It’s widely used in automotive
parts, communication equipment, household appliances and lighting
equipment.
PC/ABS Alloy - 66
Characteristics Form
Pellets, sheets, wires
Wide range of colors
High impact strength and good flexibility
Higher heat deflection temperature (80-125 degree
Celsius)
Good chemical stability
Good plating properties Applications
Automobile interior and exterior trim - Instrument
Organoleptic properties panel, trim pillar, instrument front cover, grille, interior
and exterior trim parts, car lights, etc.
Visual: Variable texture, gloss, transparency
Consumer electronics - Electronic product casing,

notebook / desktop computer, wearable devices, etc.
Tactile: Warm, hard
Electrical and electronic appliances - meter covers

Aural: Mid-pitched
and housings, household switches, cable and wire

conduits, household appliances such as washing
machines, hair dryers, internal and external parts of
microwave ovens, etc.
PC/ABS Alloy - 67
Luggage Charging Pile Housing
Luggage in carrying and transportation, the most Charging pile shell, as a long-term exposed outdoor
important point of concern is the "weight" and facilities, the material must have high flame retardant,
"impact resistance", the current main materials are excellent weather resistance, low temperature
ABS, ABS/PC and PC.
resistance and other properties. To meet the
demanding requirements of outdoor use, and to
PC material box is characterized by "light", and PC facilitate color matching for matching urban
impact resistance than ABS 40% higher, ABS trolley architecture.
case by the impact, the box surface will appear

creases or even direct burst.
PC/ABS weather resistance, impact resistance,
coloring, dimensional stability and other material
And PC case after receiving the impact, the dent can long-term home exposed in the outdoors should have
gradually rebound back to its original shape. But the better performance than other materials, and low
cost of pure PC luggage is very high, so usually use cost. Therefore, the charging post shell is commonly
PC / ABS alloy material, to complement the strengths used PC/ABS plastic alloy.
and weaknesses, the cost is also more advantageous.
Consumer Electronics Housing

PC/ABS has low cost, both the weather resistance,
dimensional stability and impact resistance of PC
resin. It also has the excellent processing fluidity of
ABS resin, and can manufacture thin-walled and
complex-shaped products with excellent performance.
Put in many consumer electronics shell will choose
PC/ABS material.
In the history of the development of cell phones, PC /

ABS material has been mainly used for straight
machine and the appearance, color requirements of
high and no special requirements for the environment
of the flip cover machine. The current plastic material
of the smartphone outer is more than the use of
toughened PC.
PC/ABS Alloy - 68
UF Urea-formaldehyde
Introduction
20
Urea formaldehyde resin (Urea Formaldetryde Resin, UF resin) is the
condensation of urea and formaldehyde under the action of a
catalyst to form a urea-formaldehyde resin, and then under the
action of a curing agent or additives to form a non-meltable,
insoluble resin adhesive urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Urea-
formaldehyde resin mixed with fillers, colorants, curing agents and
plasticizers can be processed into urea-formaldehyde pressed plastic
powder.
First synthesized by B. Tollens in 1844, IG developed a room-
temperature curing urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer for gluing
wood in 1929, followed by the rapid development of urea-
formaldehyde resins as adhesives for plywood and particleboard
production.
UF Resin - 69
Abundant raw materials and low prices Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives - The most used
Good gluing performance adhesive in the woodworking industry
Resistant to weak acids and bases

Good insulating properties, excellent abrasion Urea-formaldehyde molding powder - Products with
resistance low requirements for water resistance and dielectric
Can be cured quickly at room temperature or by properties, such as plug-in boards, switches, machine
heating above 100°C handles, instrument housings, knobs, etc.
Good craftsmanship and easy to use

Formaldehyde is released when curing
Poor resistance to heat and humidity and aging
Visual: Opaque
Tactile: Hard
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Resins, powders, plates, adhesives
Coating, compression molding
UF Resin - 70
tUrea-Formaldehyde Pressed Plastic
Adhesives – Use in the Wood Industry Powder for Crystal-Toilet Seat
Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive is widely used for Recently there are several materials on the market
bonding wood, plywood, laminate and bamboo wood toilet cover, more common is PP cover, followed by
products, such as flooring, furniture, packing boxes, urea-formaldehyde cover, stone, acrylic and so
textile equipment, wooden shells of household on.Urea-formaldehyde cover, in the texture of good. Its
appliances, etc..
price is relatively high, but the environmental
protection is not as good.
As urea-formaldehyde resin has the disadvantages of

poor initial adhesion, large shrinkage, brittleness, non- Advantages:
water resistance, easy aging, release of formaldehyde

1. Urea-formaldehyde resin is hard, strong and
and curing release of formaldehyde pollution of the
durable, and has good scratch resistance.
environment, damage to health, etc.
2. Resistant to weak acid and alkali and grease and

other media, not easy to damage, long use time.
Usually modified, the main modification directions are:
Disadvantages:
1. Improve the water resistance of urea-formaldehyde

1. Urea-formaldehyde resin processing does not
resin adhesives;
square make, higher technical requirements, high

2. Improve the aging resistance of urea-formaldehyde cost, so the price is not cheap.
resin adhesives, such as reducing the surface

2. Easy to absorb water, so water resistance and
roughness of glued wood, to prevent uneven glue
electrical conductivity fine is poor, while heat
division: the use of thermoplastic resins for blending
resistance is not high.
modification: or adding a variety of fillers;
3. Reduce the free formaldehyde content of urea-

formaldehyde resin adhesives, such as reducing the
molar ratio of formaldehyde / urea: adjust the
Synthesis process (urea is added in stages, control
the reaction process, etc.) to make the reaction more
complete; adding formaldehyde trapping agent (urea,
melamine, resorcinol, etc.); and post-treatment of
finished products (ammonia, urea solution, etc.).
UF Resin - 71
Epoxy Resin
Introduction
21
Epoxy resin (Epoxy resin/Epaxy/Polyepoxide) is a polymer compound
with two or more epoxy groups in its molecular structure. Epoxy resin
(Epoxy resin/Epaxy/Polyepoxide) is a polymer compound with two or
more epoxy groups in its molecular structure. It is also known as
artificial resin, human transport resin, resin glue, etc., and is widely
used in adhesives, coatings and other applications.
Epoxy resins, phenolic resins and unsaturated polyester resins are
the three major general plastic thermosetting resins.
Resin - 72
High mechanical properties, better than phenolic Coatings - Protection of ships, underframes of
resin and polyester, etc. automobiles, steel structures, pipes and vessels,
Excellent bonding properties, can be used as building floors, and other aspects
structural adhesive
Easy curing, small curing shrinkage rate, 1%-2% Adhesives - Bonding between various materials, such
Good dielectric properties as repairing cracks in buildings, bonding of interior
Good stability, mold resistance, storage is not easy decoration, bonding of automobile parts, structural
to deteriorate, chemical corrosion resistance adhesives for aircraft and ships, etc.
Good oil and solvent resistance

Epoxy curing material heat-resistant temperature Casting compounds - Potting and sealing of electronic
of 80 ~ 100 ℃ and electric parts or components, manufacture or
Epoxy will react with a variety of groups in the repair of concrete structures, production of
human body, and skin contact should be avoided handicrafts
when using
Need to be used in combination with curing agent, Plastic sealing material - Packaging of various
most of the epoxy resin curing agent is toxic electronic and electrical equipment
substances
Composites - Glass fiber, carbon fiber composites,
etc.
Organoleptic properties Organic conductive materials - Resistive heating

elements, resistors, anti-static materials, high-voltage
shielding materials, electrode materials, sensitive
Visual: Transparent
element converters, etc.

Tactile: Hard
Aural: Medium pitch
Sense of smell: Smells
form
Adhesives, sheets, resins
Coating, casting
Resin - 73
Epoxy Resin Adhesives Epoxy Resin Coating
In synthetic adhesives, whether it is the variety and Epoxy resin coatings are composed of base materials
performance, or the use and value, epoxy resin (including epoxy resins, epoxy esters and synthetic
adhesives occupy a pivotal position, known as the all- resins for modification), curing agents, coloring
purpose adhesive and vigorous adhesive.

pigments and body pigments (or color fillers), solvents
(including water) and various functional
Epoxy resin adhesive has many excellent additives(including epoxy resin, epoxy ester and
characteristics: good adhesion, high adhesive synthetic resin for modification), curing agent,
strength, low shrinkage, dimensional stability, coloring pigment and body pigment (or color filler),
excellent electrical properties, chemical resistance, solvent (including water), various functional additives
easy to configure, simple process, wide use of and other materials, is one of the widely used
temperature, adaptability, low toxicity, harm is also protective coatings.
small, do not pollute the environment, etc. It has good

adhesive ability for many kinds of materials, and also Epoxy resin coating film formed not only has a
has various functions such as sealing, insulation, shielding effect on the corrosive medium, but also can
leakage prevention, fixing, anti-corrosion and purify the protected metal and play an
decoration. Therefore, it has very successful electrochemical role. The epoxy resin coating film has
application in almost all fields.

excellent "wet" adhesion, which makes other coatings
unbeatable.Epoxy resin coatings are one of the main
The ordinary epoxy adhesive prepared by epoxy resin, products of synthetic resin coatings.
curing agent, plasticizer, etc. has poor performance

and little value. The use value is not much. The actual There are many types of epoxy resin coatings, each
application is to rubber, resin, functional additives and with its own characteristics, and there are generally
other modified epoxy resin adhesives with good five ways to classify them.
performance and wide use.
Classification Category
Epoxy resin coating for spraying, epoxy resin coating for electrostatic
Construction
construction, epoxy resin coating for electrophoresis construction,
method epoxy resin coating for powder construction, epoxy resin coating for dip
coating
Epoxy resin coating for construction, epoxy resin coating for industrial
Use
use, epoxy resin coating for special use
Self-drying epoxy resin coating, drying epoxy resin coating and

Curing method
radiation-curing epoxy resin coating
Acid anhydride curing epoxy resin coating, amine curing epoxy resin
Name of curing agent coating, ion-initiated curing epoxy resin coating section and synthetic
resin curing, epoxy resin coating
Epoxy resin coating, solvent-free (less) epoxy resin coating, powder

Coating Status epoxy resin coating and water-based epoxy resin coating
Resin - 74
Liquid Silicone Rubber
Introduction
22
Liquid Siicone Rubber (LSR) is relative to solid high temperature
vulcanized silicone rubber. It is a non-toxic, heat-resistant, highly
recoverable flexible thermosetting material, which is liquid rubber,
good fluidity, fast curing, more safe and environmentally friendly, and
can reach food-grade requirements. Low viscosity, fast curing, can be
used for injection molding in large quantities, rapid, repetitive
mechanical production.
LSR - 75
Non-toxic Daily necessities - Logo, pacifier, cell phone protector
Excellent transparency
Waterproof, breathable Electronic and electrical appliances - Waterproof and

Resistant to high and low temperatures without moisture-proofing of electronic components,
loss of elasticity consignment, coating and potting materials for
High tensile strength and small permanent insulation
deformation rate in compression

Line shrinkage <0.1%, precise size of reproduced Medical - Medical tubing, medical silicone cups,
items implant materials
FDA compliant biocompatible

Excellent electrical insulation Processing and manufacturing - Silicone molds, pad
No harmful substances are produced during printing tips
combustion
Visual: Low gloss
Tactile: Soft
Aural: Low pitch
Form
Foam, resin
Liquid injection molding (LIM), dipping, infusion,
molding
LSR - 76
Waterproof Sstructure
Liquid silicone is applied to waterproof structural parts

of cell phone class, with simplified structure, compact
overall structure, high assembly precision and
repeatability, solving the problem of water ingress in
cell phone.
Metal + silicone, plastic + silicone, glass + silicone and

other secondary molding injection molding method
bonding strength, can be disassembled many times,
easy to replace and stable waterproof performance,
become the trend of cell phone waterproof.
Mold Silicone
Liquid silicone is also a kind of mold making material,

silicone molds made of mold silicone have huge
advantages in production efficiency and production
cost compared with steel molds.
Nowadays, silicone molds have been widely used in

the toy and gift industry, medical, electronic and
mechanical fields, character reproduction, home
construction and decoration industry, unsaturated
resin crafts industry, simulation of plants and animals,
Buddha carving crafts and many other industries of
mold making.
Mother and Child / Medical Supplies
Liquid silicone can also be used in medical throat,

medical silicone cups, pacifiers, children's water cups
sucking flow, silicone mouth and other products.
Silicone bottles made of liquid silicone (LSR) are

softer, lighter and more durable, easy to suck, not
easy to age, heat resistant, chemical resistant, not
easy to break, safe material, high price, but not easy
to clean.
LSR - 77
Rubber
Introduction
23
The word rubber is derived from the Indian word cau-uchu, meaning
"tree of tears", and refers to a highly elastic polymer material with
reversible deformation, divided into two categories: natural rubber
and synthetic rubber. Natural rubber is produced by coagulating and
drying the latex that flows from the rubber tree when it is cut;
synthetic rubber is produced by the reaction of various monomers.
In 1770, the English chemist J. Priestley discovered that rubber could

be used to erase pencil writing, and the material was then called
rubber for this purpose, a name that has been used ever since.
The molecular chains of rubber can be cross-linked, and the cross-

linked rubber has the ability to recover quickly when deformed by
external forces, and has good physical properties and chemical
stability.
Rubber - 78
Characteristics Classification
High elasticity over a wide temperature range Natural Rubber
(approx. -50-150 "C)

Low modulus of elasticity Synthetic rubber
Large deformation, elongation can reach up to General Synthetic Rubber: SBR, BR, IR, CR, EPM,
1000% (general material less than 1%) II
Exothermic when stretched, general material Special synthetic rubber: FPM. SIR, PU, ICM, CO. T,
absorbs heat when stretched CSM, CPE, NBR
Elasticity increases with increasing temperature
Visual: Opaque, matte, adjustable texture
Tactile: Warm, elastic
Aural: Low pitch
Sense of smell: Smells
Form
Emulsions, granules, sheets, blocks
Compounding, moulding, extrusion, injection molding,
casting
Rubber - 79
Natural Rubber (NR) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
Advantages: large elasticity, high tensile strength, Advantages: wear resistance, aging resistance and
excellent tear resistance and electrical insulation, heat resistance exceed those of natural rubber, and
good wear resistance and drought resistance, good the texture is more uniform than that of natural
processability, easy to bond other materials, better rubber.
than most synthetic rubber in terms of overall

Disadvantages: low elasticity, poor flexural and tear
performance.
resistance; poor processing performance, especially

Disadvantages: poor oxygen and ozone resistance, poor self-adhesiveness and low raw glue strength.
easy to age and deteriorate; poor oil and solvent

Operating temperature range: -50℃～＋100℃.
resistance, low corrosion resistance to acid and alkali;

not high heat distribution.
Applications: Substitute natural rubber to make tires,

rubber sheets, rubber tubes, rubber shoes and other
Operating temperature range: -60℃-＋80℃.
general products.
Applications: tires, rubber shoes, hoses, tapes,

insulation and sheathing of wires and cables, and
other general purpose products.
Butadiene rubber (BR) Fluorine Rubber (FPM)
Advantages: excellent elasticity and wear resistance, Advantages: high temperature resistance up to 300
good aging resistance, excellent low temperature ℃, acid and alkali resistance, oil resistance is the best
resistance, low heat generation under dynamic load, in oil-resistant rubber, radiation resistance, high
easy metal bonding.
vacuum resistance plastic good: electrical insulation,
mechanical properties, chemical corrosion resistance,
Disadvantages: low strength, poor tear resistance,
ozone resistance, atmospheric aging resistance are
poor processing performance and self-adhesive.
excellent.
Operating temperature range: -60℃-＋100℃.
Disadvantages: poor processability, expensive poor

cold resistance, low elasticity and breathability.
Applications: Generally used with natural rubber or

styrene butadiene rubber, mainly for making tire
Operating temperature range: about -20℃-＋200℃
treads, transport belts and special cold-resistant

products.
Applications: defense industry manufacturing aircraft,
rockets on the vacuum-resistant, high temperature,

chemical corrosion-resistant sealing materials, hoses

or other parts and the automotive industry.
Rubber - 80
Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPM, EPDM)
Advantages: excellent oxygen resistance, ozone Advantages: excellent ozone resistance, ultraviolet
resistance, non-flammable, self-extinguishing after resistance, weathering resistance and aging
fire, oil resistance, solvent resistance, acid and alkali resistance, ranking first among general-purpose like
resistance as well as aging resistance, good adhesives. Electrical insulation, chemical resistance,
airtightness and other advantages. Its physical and impact elasticity is very good, acid and alkali
mechanical properties are also better than natural resistance, small specific gravity, can be high filling
rubber, so it can be used as general-purpose rubber, with. Heat resistance up to 150℃, resistance to polar
but also as special rubber.
solvents a ketone, ester, etc.. But not resistant to
aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons,
Disadvantages: poor resistance, large specific gravity,
other physical and mechanical properties slightly
high relative cost, poor electrical insulation,
inferior to natural rubber and better than styrene
processing It is easy to sticky roll, easy to scorch and
butadiene rubber.
easy to sticky mold. In addition, the stability of raw

rubber is poor, and it is not easy to preserve.
Disadvantages: Self-adhesive and inter-adhesive are
very poor, not easy to bond.
Use temperature range: about -45℃-＋100℃.
Operating temperature range: about -50℃～＋150℃.
Applications: ozone-resistant, high aging resistance

cable sheathing and various protective sheaths and Applications: chemical equipment linings, wire and
covers; oil-resistant,
cable coverings, steam hoses, heat-resistant transport
belts, rubber products for automobiles and other
chemically resistant hoses, tapes and chemical
industrial products.
linings; flame-resistant rubber products for

underground mining, the
As well as a variety of molded products, dense time

rings, adhesives, etc.
Rubber - 81
Butyl Rubber (IIR) Butyl Rubber (NBR)
Advantages: good air tightness, ozone resistance, Advantages: gasoline and aliphatic hydrocarbon oil
good aging resistance, high heat resistance, long-term resistance is particularly good, second only to
work can be below 130 ℃: can resist strong inorganic polysulfide rubber, acrylic acid ester and fluorine
acids (such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.) and rubber, and better than other general-purpose rubber.
general organic solvents, good vibration absorption Good heat resistance, air tightness, wear resistance
and damping characteristics, electrical insulation is and Water resistance, etc. are better, strong adhesion.
also very good.
Disadvantages: poor cold resistance and ozone

Disadvantages: poor elasticity, poor processing resistance, low strength and elasticity, poor acid
performance, slow vulcanization speed, poor adhesion resistance, poor electrical insulation poor electrical
and oil resistance.
insulation, and poor performance with polar solvents.
Operating temperature range: about -40℃-＋120℃.

Operating temperature range: about -30℃-＋100℃.
Applications: inner tubes, water tires, balloons, Application: various oil resistant products. Such as
electrical gauge cable insulation, chemical equipment hoses, sealing products, etc.
linings and anti-vibration products, heat-resistant

farrier tapes, heat-resistant aging adhesive tape
products.
Silicone Rubber (Q)
Advantages: resistant to both high temperature (up to

300℃) and low humidity (minimum -100℃), it is the
best cold and high temperature resistant rubber at
present; meanwhile, it has excellent electrical
insulation, high stability to thermal oxidation and
ozone, and large chemical affection.
Disadvantages: low mechanical strength, poor oil,

solvent and acid and alkali resistance, difficult to
vulcanize, more expensive.
Operating temperature: about -60℃～, 200℃.
Applications: High and low temperature resistant

products (hoses, seals, etc.), high temperature
resistant wire and cable insulation, also used in food
and medical industries due to its non-toxic and
odorless nature.
Rubber - 82
Make on-Demand
Manufacturing Easier, Faster
Room 407, Building F, Tianyou Chuangke

Industrial Park, Qiaotou Community, Fuhai Street,
Baoan District, Shenzhen, China, 518103
+86-0755-85276703
+86-0755-85276703
info@rapiddirect.com
www.rapiddirect.com

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Plastic Materials

10 PLA 11 PTFE 12 TPE

13 PVC 14 PET 15 PBT

19 PC/ABS Alloy 20 UF Resin 21 Epoxy resin

Acryionitrile Butadiene Styrene

ABS is a polymer material between general purpose plastics and engineering

In 1954, Borg-Wamer grafted and polymerized acrylonitrile and styrene in

Resistant to low temperature

surface gloss of products

Tactile: Elastic, soft

Aural: Low pitch

Sense of smell: No odor

The main applications of ABS are: chargers, laser

Heat Resistant ABS

Heat-resistant ABS is a special ABS modified with

It has a wide range of applications in the automotive

Heat-resistant ABS is mainly used in: electric fans,

02 Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a highly crystalline linear polymer whose

In 1955, DuPont successfully developed and industrially produced

In 1962, Celanese realized the industrial production of copolymer

Tactile: Warm, hard

Sheet, plate, bar, fiber

Sense of smell: No odor

POM plastic - Automotive parts, pipe valves, gears,

as good as the latter, and homopolymer formaldehyde

POM material hard texture, durability and resistance

However, although the POM is nearly complete off the

hardness, and its macromolecules are easily oriented

Therefore, POM has good self-lubricating properties in

Tactile: Warm, hard

Aural: Low pitch

Automobiles - Lighting systems, instrument panels,

Electronic - Power tool housings, brackets, refrigerator

Resin, sheet, plate, film

Medical devices - Medical equipment and devices that

And the upcoming 5G era, non-metal become the

In addition to injection molding, PC can also be

PC architectural curtain walls offer a variety of

In 1931, DuPont's Carothers laboratory synthesized PA66 and

The earliest Nyion fiber (nylon) products were toothbrush brushes,

Easy processing and molding

Self-lubricating and good friction resistance

High water absorption, which affects the

Aural: Low pitch

Sense of smell: No odor

Polyamide was the first synthetic fiber developed in

Nylon fibers can be woven into pure fabrics or

Aramid fiber is a new class of special-purpose nylon

Aramid fiber has super high strength, high modulus

Aramid fibers are used in bulletproof vests, helmets,

Nylon material is the largest amount of automotive

Intake manifold is the most typical plastic application

In addition, reinforced nylon can be used for other

In addition, due to the adhesive and powder properties

PA 3D printing can be used for automotive engine

Poly methyl methacrylate

polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer. PMMA is a

thermoplastic made by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate

monomer, with an average molecular weight of 500,000 to 1 million.

It has good transparency, beautiful appearance, is often used as a

glass replacement material, also known as acrylic or organic glass.

Tactile: Warm, hard

Aural: Low pitch

Sense of smell: No smell