Area of a Circle by Cutting

into Sectors
 

Here is a way to find the formula for the area of a circle:

Cut a circle into equal sectors (12 in this example)

Divide just one of the sectors into two equal parts. We now have thirteen
sectors – number them 1 to 13:

Rearrange the 13 sectors like this:

Which resembles a rectangle:

What are the (approximate) height and width of the rectangle?

The height is the circle's radius: just look at sectors 1 and 13 above.
When they were in the circle they were "radius" high.

The width (actually one "bumpy" edge) is half of the curved parts around

the circle ... in other words it is about half the circumference of the
circle.

We know that:

Circumference = 2 × π × radius

And so the width is about:

Half the Circumference = π × radius

And so we have (approximately):

radius

π€ × radius  

Now we just multply the width by the height to find the area of the
rectangle:

Area = (π × radius) × (radius)

= π × radius2

Note: The rectangle and the "bumpy edged shape" made by the sectors are
not an exact match.
But we could get a better result if we divided the circle into 25 sectors (23
with an angle of 15° and 2 with an angle of 7.5°).
And the more we divided the circle up, the closer we get to being exactly
right.

Conclusion
Area of Circle = π r2
source : https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/circle-area-by-sectors.html