21/09/2022

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

Chapter 3
Science,
Technology,
and Nation-
Building

https://marianeeveryday.medium.com/science-technology-nation-building-9f431bd4ac4f
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

The development of science and technology in the

Philippines has already come along way. Many
significant inventions and discoveries have been
accomplished by or attributed to Filipinos.

This chapter tackles how the development of

science and technology affect the development of
the Philippines as a nation.

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

1
 21/09/2022

• “Matatag, maginhawa
at panatag na buhay”

• The National Economic

and Development
Authority or NEDA’s
“Ambisyon Natin 2040”
Report shows 79.2
percent of Filipinos
want a simple and
comfortable life
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

Image via 2040.neda.gov.ph. Some rights reserved.

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

• 26.3 percent or
roughly 26 million
of the 100 million
Filipinos living
below the poverty
line - (PSA, 2015)

• What is a poverty
line?

Image via 2040.neda.gov.ph. Some rights reserved.

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

2
 21/09/2022

• Proportion of Poor Filipinos

was Recorded at 18.1
Percent in 2021

• 19.99 million Filipinos who

lived below the poverty
threshold of about PhP
12,030 per month for a
family of five

https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases/nid/167972#:~:text=This%20translates%20to%20around%2019.99,to%205.9%20percent%20in%202021.
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

3 Social Classes in the PH

• Three primary social classes exist in the Philippines:
(1) the low-income class, (2) the middle-income
class, and the (3) high-income class.

• 58.4% of Filipinos belong to the low-income class,

while the middle class comprises around 40% of the
population. Only 1.4% fall in the high-income class.

• Which social class are you?

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

3 Social Classes in the PH

(Table from PSA)

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

3
 21/09/2022

• “Matatag, maginhawa
at panatag na buhay”

• The goal of Ambisyon

Natin2040 is “to triple
real per capita incomes
and eradicate hunger
and poverty by 2040, if
not sooner”.

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

10

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

11

Development of Science and

Technology in the Development of
the Philippines as a Nation

1.Pre-Colonial Period
2.Colonial Period
3.Post-Colonial Period

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

12

4
 21/09/2022

• The Philippines is located

east of Vietnam and north of
Indonesia and is composed
of 7,641 islands

• Three main island groups:

Luzon, Visayas and
Mindanao. Some islands
have become bustling
cosmopolitan cities, such as
the capital Manila, Cebu and
Davao.

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

13

1. Pre-Colonial Period
Barangay:
• was the Filipino's earliest form of
government
• derived from the Malay
word balangai (the boat used by
Malay ancestors to reach the
Philippine islands (Scott 1997)

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

14

1. Pre-Colonial Period

• The barangay were used to transport/carry early settlers and traders

to the Philippine archipelago from Indonesia and Borneo (Kendall,
1976).
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

15

5
 21/09/2022

1. Pre-Colonial Period
• Barangays - a settlement from
30 to 100 families
• Datu –the highest-ranked
leader, of royal blood and a
member of the nobility. the
datu functioned as “lawmaker,
judge and executive” (Zamora,
1967, 1979)

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

16

1. Pre-Colonial Period
Inhabitants:
1. Afro-Asiatic and Austro-Aborigines,
now called Negritos (Aeta, Agta, and
Ayta) reached the Philippine Islands
through land bridges (hunters and
Examples of our language that came from
food gatherers) Sanskrit are diwa, wika, maharlika, asawa,
hari, bathala, guro, lakambini and kuta.
2. Proto-Malays, a Mongol-Asiatic race,
reached the Philippines through
oceanic vessels called balangays
(seafarers, farmers, and builders)
3. Deutero-Malays (Indians, Chinese,
Siamese, Arabic)
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

17

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

18

6
 21/09/2022

1. Pre-Colonial Period

• is purported pre-Spanish Philippine penal code

claimed to have been written in 1433 and
discovered on the island of Panay in 1614
• in 2004, the National Historical Commission
of the Philippines declared the Code of
Kalantiyaw to be a hoax perpetrated in the early
20th century

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

19

Shelter
Bahay Kubo

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

20

Shelter
Cave houses Tree Houses

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

21

7
 21/09/2022

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

22

The Hanging Coffins

of Sagada,
Philippines

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

23

Religion in the Pre-Colonial Philippines

Animism is the religious belief that objects, places and
creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence (anito or
diwata)
Worship deities (for example):
1. Supreme God: Bathala for the Tagalog
Laon or Abba for the Visayan
2. God of harvest: Lalahon
3. God of rainbow: Barangaw for the Visayan
4. God of Death: Sidapa for the Visayan

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

24

8
 21/09/2022

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

25

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

26

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

27

9
 21/09/2022

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

28

Variations of Animistic practices:

• Magic
• Chants
• Prayers
Practitioners:
1. Healers
2. Midwife (hilot)
3. Shamans
4. Witches and warlocks (mangkukulam)
5. Babaylan
Mythical creatures: Aswang, kapre, etc.
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

29

Variations of Animistic practices:

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

30

10
 21/09/2022

Writing System

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

31

Writing System
1.Maligaya
2.Maharlika
3.Bathala
4.Pamilya
5.Lakambini

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

32

Engineering

Rice Terraces of the

Cordilleras

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

33

11
 21/09/2022

2. Colonial Period
1. Spanish colonization
(1521–1898)
• Walls, roads, bridges,
and other large Bayombong Cathedral
infrastructures were Baroque church located at Brgy.
Salvacion, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
built using some
engineering skills Watchtower in
brought by the Dauis, Bohol
Spaniards.
• Health and education
systems were
developed.
FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

34

2. American colonization (1898–1946) established a

government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the sole purpose
of nurturing development in the field of science and technology.

Concerns:
1. Bureau of Government Laboratories (1901)
Topical diseases and laboratory projects
2. Bureau of Science (1905)
Agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and
pharmacy

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

35

3. Post-Colonial Period
Agencies in Science and Technology established during the Marcos
regime:
• PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration)
• previously known as Weather Bureau
• NAST (National Academy of Science and Technology)
• National Science and Technology Authority (now DOST)

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

36

12
 21/09/2022

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

37

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

38

S&T Towards Nation-Building

Science and technology (S&T) play an important role in sustaining a
long-term growth of the country.

Through science and technology, we can obtain deeper understanding

of societal problems and become good decision-makers who will find
solutions and implement them. Only then, Filipinos may be able to
realize the “matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay.”

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

39

13
 21/09/2022

-END OF CHAPTER-

THANK YOU!!

FA Labis || Disclaimer: This presentation is made for educational purposes only.

40

14