45smss1 (Specfication For Modular Photovoltaic Power Supply)

Saudi Consolidated Electric Company

in the Eastern Province

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
MODULAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SUPPLY
Approved By Engineering Standards Committee (Esc) On
1420, JUMADA’I, 28 / SEPTEMBER 8, 1999.
[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 1 of 39



TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 CROSS REFERENCES
3.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS
4.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General
4.2 Performance, Characteristics & Ratings
4.3 Construction
5.0 TESTS
6.0 DATA REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Installation, Operating and Maintenance

6.2 Permanent Schematic



LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1 : Quantities of 6V, 10A Solar Modules Required for Various Total
Outputs
Figure 1 : Module Schematic
Figure 2 : Multi-Module Block Diagram
Figure 3 : Module Configuration Terminal
Figure 4 : Output Control Center Schematic
Figure 5 : Output Control Center Layout



1.0 SCOPE
This SCECO-East Material Standard Specification SMSS specifies the minimum

technical requirements for design, engineering, manufacture, inspection, testing and
performance of a modularized photovoltaic power supply loads up to 1 kW(1) to be
installed in the electrical system of Saudi Consolidated Electric Company in the
Eastern Province (SCECO-East), Saudi Arabia.
2.0 CROSS REFERENCES
This Material Standard Specification shall be read in conjunction with the latest
revision of SCECO-East General Specification No. 01-SMSS-01, titled "General
Requirements for All Equipment/Material", which shall be considered as an integral
part of this SMSS.
This SMSS shall also be read in conjunction with SCECO-East Purchase Order or
Contract Schedules for project, as applicable.
3.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS
The latest revision/amendments of the following Codes and Standards shall be

applicable for the equipment/material covered in this SMSS. In case of conflict, the
vendor/ manufacturer may propose equipment/material conforming to one group of
Industry Codes and Standards quoted hereunder without jeopardizing the requirements
of this SMSS.
3.1 JPL No. 5101-65 Photovoltaic Module Design, Qualification and Testing
Specification
3.2 JPL No. 5101-83 Jet Propulsion Laboratories Solar Cell Module Design and
Test Specification for Residential Applications (referenced
for wind load tests only)
3.3 JPL No. 5101-161 Jet Propulsion Laboratories Solar Cell Module Design and
Test Specification for Intermediate Load Center
Applications



3.4 JPL No. 5260-5 Jet Propulsion Laboratories Solar Cell Module Design
and Test Specification (with the exception of panel
dimensional requirements)
3.5 ASTM A36 Specification for Structural Steel
3.6 ASTM A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings on Products
Fabricated from Rolled, Pressed and Forged Steel Shapes,
Plates, Bars and Strips
3.7 ASTM A394 Specification for Galvanized Steel Transmission Tower Bolts
3.8 ASTM B209 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plate and Sheet, General
Requirements for
3.9 AWS D 1.1 American Welding Society
3.10 CSA Z-299-4 Prescriptions Du Programme de Controle de la Qualite
3.11 NEMA ICS 6 Enclosures for Industrial Controls and Systems
3.12 NFPA No. 70 National Fire Protection Association
4.0 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General
The module shall be designed for fixed installation or skid mounting for
mobility. A photovoltaic power supply module is defined as a fully operational
stand-alone dc power source consisting of an array of photovoltaic panels,
storage batteries, charging regulator, module control center and all enclosures
and supporting structures needed. Each module shall be capable of supplying
continuous power within the limitations of available solar radiation and the
storage battery bank capacity. For power requirements above the rating of a
single module, modules shall be designed to interconnect in parallel/series
combinations via an output control center. All systems shall be designed for an
operational life of 20 years in a harsh, unattended, remote terrestrial
environment with minimal maintenance.



4.2 Performance Characteristics and Ratings
4.2.1 Each photovoltaic supply module shall be capable of providing

continuous output of 60 watts at 6 volts and 10 amperes dc. The
following system capacities shall be achieved by interconnecting
modules and shall be standard in SCECO-East's system:
DC DC Modules * Output control center rating **

Voltage Ampere Voltage Ampere
6 10 1 None Required
6 20 2 12 20
6 30 3 12 40
6 40 4 12 40
12 10 2 12 20
12 20 4 12 20
12 30 6 12 40
12 40 8 12 40
18 10 3 24 20
18 20 6 24 20
18 30 9 24 40
18 40 12 24 40
24 10 4 24 20
24 20 8 24 20
24 30 12 24 40
24 40 16 24 40
* Reference Table 1
** The output control center is needed for systems of 2 or more
modules.
4.2.2 Additional output ratings over 1 kW may be specified by SCECO-

East's designer and stated in the Purchase Order. Where other ratings
are specified, the Vendor shall consider appropriate component
changes and coordinate all component ratings with SCECO-East. The
largest output control center specified above (24V/40A) accepts up to
16 modules. If more than 16 modules are needed to supply the
electrical load, a larger output control center must also be specified.



4.3 Construction
4.3.1 Photovoltaic Panels
a. General
The photovoltaic panels shall meet Jet Propulsion Laboratories

(JPL) specifications and provide a minimum of 8% conversion
efficiency from incident sunlight under rated conditions.
Compliance with the JPL environmental test requirements shall
be certified by the Vendor per Section 5.0.
b. Design
The panels for each module shall be electrically and mechanically

interchangeable between modules of the same manufacturer.
Individual panel removal and replacement shall be easily
accomplished under field conditions without specialized tools or
materials.
c. Rating
The photovoltaic array shall be sized to supply 70A peak at a

minimum of 7.2V* at 60ºC cell temperature under insulation of
100mW/cm². This constitutes a peak power to continuous power
ratio of seven (7) for the power supply module's continuous
output of 6V per 10A. The Vendor shall submit with bid proposal
photovoltaic panel I-V curves for temperatures to 60ºC cell
temperature at 100mW/cm² insulation. Curves shall clearly
indicate typical panel output for various voltages, currents and
temperatures.
* Derived from maximum battery voltage at 40 ºC of 6.8V + 0.4V drop caused by Schottky
Blocking diode between panels and batteries



d. Encapsulation
The photovoltaic cells shall be mechanically and environmentally

protected by embedment in a thermosetting plastic such as
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The
encapsulation scheme shall provide complete moisture and
corrosion protection consistent with the environmental and life
requirements of this Specification.
e. Cell and Inter cell Connections
Individual photovoltaic cells shall have multiple interconnections

to minimize reduced panel output due to the failure of a cell or
cell connection. The redundant inter cell connections shall be
strain relieved with allowance for thermal expansion and other
anticipated mechanical stresses. Cell and inter cell connections
shall demonstrate a minimum life of ten thousand (10,000) cycles
of anticipated thermally induced, low frequency stresses
simulating the operating environment as specified in 01-SMSS-
01.
f. Contact Integrity
Inter cell, cel1 and all connections within the panels shall be
constructed of a pure metal or pure metal alloy. Each soldered
electrical contact to the active cell area shall be capable of
withstanding a "tab-pull" of 0.5 kg applied at 45 degree angle
to the cell surface without more than 2 percent degradation of cell
power output as compared to the initially measured (pretest)
value.
g. Solder
Solder employed in cell connections shall be a nominal solder

alloy of 60% tin, 40% lead and shall cover all of the contact area.
The solder flux residue shall be non-corrosive to the connection
alloys.



h. Front Panel Cover
Glass shall be used as the protective cover for the front or active
area of each solar panel. It shall be selected for high impact and
thermal shock resistance. The glass shall be tempered, water-
white and low iron content (0.01% by mass or less). It shall have a
slightly diffusing pattern on the inner surface for enhanced light
gathering capability. The specific glass, after exposure to 20 920
MJ/m² of natural sunlight Air Mass I (AMI), shall provide a
transmissivity of 95% of the initial measured value from 300 to
700 manometers.
i. Panel Frame
The panel frame shall be manufactured from aluminum alloy with

designation number 5052, 6061 or equivalent per ASTM B209
with compatible hardware designed to withstand the environment
as specified in 01-SMSS-01. The frame shall readily and easily
accept the hardware required to attach the panel to the panel array
support structure.
j. Junction Box
Each panel shall incorporate an electrical connection junction box

containing both positive (+) and negative (-) terminals, panel
interconnection wiring and blocking diode (if required). The box
shall provide a dust tight and raintight environment between the
panel connections and the feed-through wiring to the photovoltaic
cells.
k. Interchangeability
Panels shall be of uniform dimensions, mounting characteristics,

and electrical properties to be electrically and mechanically
interchangeable within modules and between modules of a given
manufacturer.



4.3.2 Storage Batteries
a. General
A combination of periodic sandstorms, winter cloudiness and

minimum maintenance due to remote location demands maximum
performance from the storage batteries. The batteries shall be C
& D photovoltaic, high temperature, shallow-discharge type
KCPSD-9 (6 required) or Exide DH5-1 (9 required) or equal. The
batteries shall be selected to provide a 168 hour (7 day) storage
capacity under continuous "no sun" conditions.
b. Special Features
Each storage battery shall include the following special features to

accommodate the unique application and environmental demands:
i. Maximum mass of 45.4 kg per battery to facilitate removal

from battery enclosure, without special equipment.
ii. Self-discharge rate not to exceed 1 percent per month at

25ºC or 6 percent per month at 55ºC.
iii. Lifting handles or similar devices to allow simplified

removal of the battery with minimum back strain and
without tools. Handles or devices shall be constructed of a
material which is unaffected by the battery electrolyte or its
fumes and shall easily support the battery mass including
electrolyte. Handles shall not lift the batteries by the
terminals. One lifting device per module is adequate if
individual battery handles are not provided.
iv. Electrolyte shall be per battery manufacture’s specifications

for hot or tropical climates and consist of only Industrial
Grade sulfuric acid for lead acid batteries.
v. Jar shall be impact resistant, transparent thermoplastic such

as polystyrene to view electrolyte level or employ equally
easy means to check level without removing caps. In lieu of
a transparent jar, external float-type level indicators are
acceptable.
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4.3.3 Charge Regulator
a. General
Each module shall contain an electronic solid state battery charge

regulator capable of interrupting the module's solar panel current
with negligible power dissipation. Magnetic contactors are
acceptable as part, of the charge regulator only if the contacts are
arc suppressed. The magnetic contactor shall be hemetically
sealed and designed for ready field replacement. "Industrial"
grade components are the minimum acceptable quality. Shunting
regulators which divert the array current to a heat dissipating load
are not acceptable. Electronic components, circuit design and
labeling shall comply with Joint Electric Devices Engineering
Council (JEDEC) standards.
b. Operation
The charge regulator shall effectively control the power to the

storage batteries to prevent overcharging or uneven charging. The
charge regulator shall insure the battery voltage does not exceed
2.35 volts per cell with temperature corrected to 25º C + 50 mV.
A green LED shall indicate the charging mode on each regulator
circuit card and a red LED shall indicate anytime battery bank
voltage drops below 6 volts. The red LED shall remain lit until
manually reset even if battery bank voltage returns to normal.
LED function shall be labeled on each printed circuit board or
control panel, as applicable.
c. Temperature Compensation
The charge regulator shall incorporate a means to sense battery

temperature and prevent accidental overcharging due to thermal
runaway. The battery charge voltage shall be temperature
compensated to maintain full battery charge of 2.35 volts per cell
at 25ºC minus 6.3 mV. This shall be further corrected by adding
or subtracting 0.9 mV per cell per °C rise/fall in cell temperature.
The temperature probe shall be mounted within the battery
enclosure away from possible acid spills or splashing. The probe
shall be mechanically protected and constructed of stainless steel
for corrosion resistance to battery fumes.
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d. Mounting
The charge regulators shall be mounted via plug-in printed circuit

board(s) inside the module control center (section 4.3.4) with easy
access. External heat sinks for the module control center shall be
used where needed to reduce internal heat build-up. If external
heat sinks are used, they shall be designed to contain all electronic
components and connections within the enclosure. Power
transistors and other high power dissipating devices which would
introduce excessive voltage drops if mounted on plug-in circuit
cards shall be conveniently located inside the control enclosure to
external heat sinks and hard-wired.
e. Derating
The charge regulator shall be adequately derated for continuous

reliable operation at ambient outside air temperatures of 50ºC
compatible with 01-SMSS-01 and a non-ventilated enclosure.
f. Adjustments
All field adjustable components such as charge voltage limits

shall be via continuous multi-turn potentiometers and slotted
shafts. Potentiometers shall be environmentally sealed with 0-
rings or equal means to exclude dust and moisture. Control
function shall be labelled. "Factory only" adjustments shall be
fixed or sealed to preclude field tampering.
4.3.4 Module Control Center
a. General
The module control center shall serve as a single location for

module wire connections, metering, battery charge control and
electrical disconnect. Design shall provide a mounting location
outside the module control center for an output control resistor
enclosure in situations where a single module meets the load
power requirements. Reference Figure 1 for a typical module
electrical schematic.
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b. Components
The module control center shall include as a minimum the

following components identified as appropriate per section
4.3.11.d.
i. Charge Regulator
ii. Solar Array Input Ammeter
iii. Solar Array Input Current Shunt
iv. Battery Current Shunt
v. Module Output Ammeter
vi. Module Output Current Shunt
vii. Module Output Voltmeter
viii. Module Disconnect Link Bar
ix. Array Input Link Bar
x. Surge Protection
xi. Array Input Terminals
xii. Battery Storage Bank Terminals
xiii. Battery Storage Bank Fuse
xiv. Module Output Terminals
xv. External Mounting Provisions for the Output Control
Resistor Enclosure and Wiring
c. Mounting
The module control center enclosure shall be secured

aboveground to the photovoltaic array support structure and be
completely shaded at all times by the photovoltaic panels. The
enclosure shall be securely bolted in place and positioned for easy
access by maintenance and operations personnel at a convenient
height for monitoring and maintenance. Control center mounting
height shall be greater than 1.25 m and less than 2 m, centerline to
ground.
13



4.3.5 Output Control Center
a. General
The output control center shall serve as a single location for

multiple module interconnections, total system output metering
and total system output disconnect where more than one module
is necessary to meet the load power requirements. The output
control resistor for all systems shall be housed in a separate
ventilated enclosure adjacent to the output or module control
center to minimize heat damage but shall be considered part of the
output or module control center and supplied as such. Reference
Figures 4 and 5.
b. Output Rating
The following continuous ratings for output control centers shall

be standard in SCECO-East's system and designed for module
interconnection per section 4.2:
12 Volt, 20 Ampere (connects up to 4 modules)

Additional ratings shall be specified by the Design Engineer and

stated in the Purchase Order where more than 16 modules per
installation are needed.
c. Components
The output control center shall include as a minimum the

following components identified as appropriate per section
4.3.11.d
i. System Output Ammeter

ii. System Output Current Shunt
iii. System Output Voltmeter
iv. System Disconnect Circuit Breaker
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v. Module Input Link Bar

vi. Module Configuration Terminal Block
vii. System Output Terminals
viii. Output Control Resistor (Adjacent Enclosure)
d. Mounting
The output control center enclosure shall be secured in a manner

similar to the module control center (section 4.3.4.c) and fully
shaded by the solar array. Mounting height shall also be same as
the module control center.
4.3.6 Electrical Components
a. Meters
i. General
Meters shall be of switchboard quality with uniform

dimensions to allow interchange among modules and be
compatible with other meters standard in SCECO-East's
system (Beede Model 458). Meter panel faces shall be 115
mm wide x 102 mm high and rectangular cased. The rear of
the meter shall fit in a 70 mm round mounting hole with
mounting bolts on 102 mm x 90 mm centers. One type of
meter shall be interchangeable for use in the module control
or output control centers as an ammeter or voltmeter with
attachment of appropriate calibration resistors and meter
scales.
ii. Movement
The meter movement shall be of the jeweled movement type

capable of continuous reading and calibrated for 50 mV dc
full scale. Accuracy shall be ± 2% full scale deflection. The
movement shall be temperature compensated with an error of
less than one percent per º C. Shielding shall be provided to
allow mounting in a ferrous or non-ferrous enclosure without
affecting accuracy.
15



iii. Scales
Full scale meter value shall be 100 to 130 percent of rated

value and shall be red-lined or shaded beyond the module
peak or full load rating, as applicable, or output control center
full load rating. Values shall be marked in even increments
of volts or amperes. Scale length shall be a minimum of 100
mm and clearly labeled either "DC AMPERES' or "DC
VOLTS". Scales shall be replaceable and interchangeable
within other meter housings and bolt secured to simplify
replacement. Scale material shall be aluminum with printed
easy to read markings. 100% humidity or heat (to 55ºC) shall
not affect scale accuracy or printing. Paper or cardboard
scale faces are not acceptable.
b. Current Shunts
Current shunts shall be mounted on the front face of control

panels and oriented to allow easy reading of the millivolt per
ampere calibration stamp. Each ammeter shall be accompanied
by an external panel-mounted current shunt. Shunts shall have
individual terminals for current and potential contact. Shunts
shall be Holloway Type SW or equivalent with a 50 mV potential
at full current rating. Shunts shall have a current rating of 100%
to 150% of peak circuit current. Shunt current and voltage ratings
shall also be labeled on the control panel per section 4.3.11.d.
Shunt current terminal connections shall be made behind the
control panel. Shunt potential terminal connections shall be fitted
with 2.5mm² full ring un-insulated crimp connectors to facilitate
voltmeter probe attachment.
c. Output Control Resistor
i. General
The output control resistor shall be mounted in a separate

ventilated NEMA 3R enclosure adjacent to the output or
module control center as applicable. Resistor quality shall
be equivalent to Ohmite Type 080 "Power-Rib" resistors.
16



ii. Construction
Output control resistors shall be edge-wound power type,

wound on ceramic insulators with stainless steel support and
mounting hardware. Terminals shall be welded fixed-
position types with 6 mm diameter hole for bolted
connection with brass-phosphor bronze hardware. Each
resistor shall have a minimum of seven fixed offset taps
including the end terminals. Adjustable terminal type
resistors are unacceptable due to corrosion aspects of the
operating environment. Each resistor shall be stamp
engraved with resistance and watt values for easy
identification.
iii. Ratings
Two values of output control resistors shall be provided

with each output control center to provide for both output
current ratings. The following resistance values and
minimum power ratings shall be supplied
Output Control Output Control

Center Rating Resistor Rating *
Volts Amperes Ohms Watts
12 20 0.56 400
0.26 400
24 20 0.56 400
0.26 400
12 40 0.17 400
0.12 400
24 40 0.12 400
* One resistor shall be mounted in the output control

resistor enclosure and the other mounted unconnected in
the output control center behind the control panel for
possible future use.
17



Note: The power dissipating capacity of the resistor is

uniformly high to minimize hot-spots and
standardize 'mounting. Where system sizes vary
from those specified in section 4.2, the resistor
power dissipative capacity shall be at least 150% of
maximum operating load. In addition, the resistance
shall be selected to decrease system output a
minimum of 5 volts in seven equal increments.
d. Module Configuration Terminal
i. General
The module configuration terminal shall be located within

the output control center and serve as the connection bus for
each of the modules in a multi-module system. The terminal
shall use numbered individual link bar connected studs to
provide a simplified means of paralleling or series
connecting the modules for various outputs.
ii. Construction
The module configuration terminal shall consist of pairs of

threaded tin or silver coated brass studs mounted to the
control panel of the output control center. Reference Figure
3. Each pair of brass studs shall accept the positive and
negative leads from the module control center output.
Copper or brass, tin or silver coated, equally sized link bars
shall be designed to interconnect various pairs of studs to
provide a series and/or parallel configuration of the
modules. The link bars shall contain slotted holes to
allow easy changeover and be of 3 mm thick minimum
brass or copper stock. pacing and layout shall be sufficient
to allow wrench tightening of each link bar without short-
circuiting terminals.
18



iii. Labeling
Each module connection stud shall be individually

numbered and marked "+" or “-“ (front and rear) for proper
module polarity. The installation instructions shall refer to
these numbers and include a diagram of the link bars
positioned in each possible connection scheme for the
output ratings listed in section 4.2.
iv. Ratings
Module configuration terminals will be designed to accept a

minimum of four, eight and sixteen modules as required by
the various output control centers listed in section 4.3.6.c.
Additional ratings may be specified in the projects Scope Of
Work and Technical specifications.
e. Wire and Cable
Electrical wiring shall comply with NFPA #70, National

Electrical Code where applicable. In addition, all conductors shall
be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 3 percent unless larger
sizes are required by Code. All field installed cable between
module and output control centers shall be provided by the
installing Contractor. All storage battery cables and connecting
hardware shall be provided by the Vendor. Exposed cable
insulation shall be sunlight deterioration resistant and temperature
rated for the application and environment.
f. Conduit and Raceways
Conduit and conduit entries for all field installed wiring between
module control centers and the output control center shall be
considered in the design but all such conduit and conduit entries
will be provided and installed by the system installing Contractor
and not the photovoltaic system Vendor. Raceways, cable guides
and cable ties for intrapanel wiring and array-to-module control
center wiring shall be the responsibility of the photovoltaic system
Vendor and shall be consistent with standard industry practice and
NFPA #70, National Electrical Code. Wiring between the module
control center and battery enclosure shall be inside UL-listed
19



flexible galvanized steel conduit with black polyvinyl chloride

jacket and approved connectors. Sufficient lengths of conduits
shall be provided to allow positioning the battery enclosure within
the limits of the cable while still allowing the conduit to be
secured to the array support structure. The temperature probe
wiring shall have its own conduit. Wiring traversing hinge points
shall not impede mechanical motion over the normal range of
movement such as in photovoltaic array angle adjustment or
control panels. Conduit entries shall be designed for minimum
bending of conductors and easy field installation of
terminations/connections.
4.3.7 Circuit Protection Devices
a. General
Circuit protection shall be provided in all instances where

transient or steady state overload conditions may exist and could
damage circuit components. Device coordination and short circuit
fault current calculations shall be made for each circuit to insure
selective tripping and clearing of protective devices.
b. Fuses
The battery bank fuse shall be located in the module control

center enclosure with bolted connections and easy access. The
battery fuse shall be Bussmann ANL-150 or equivalent complete
with fuse block and two spare fuses. If equivalent fuses are used,
the dimensions and mounting details shall provide for direct
replacement with Bussmann fuses.
c. Circuit Breakers
Output control center system disconnect means shall be Airpax

205 or equivalent molded case dust proof fully magnetic ambient
compensated circuit breaker with 120% minimum trip rating.
Only the positive conductor shall be interrupted by the circuit
breaker for the system disconnect. Circuit breaker input and
output terminals shall be accessible to meter test leads from the
control panel front via minimum 50 mm diameter access holes.
The circuit breaker shall be properly guarded against accidental
short circuiting by the phenolic control panel construction.
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Circuit breaker dc voltage drop shall not exceed 75 mV at full

load current.
d. Surge Protection
i. General
Electrical transient surges due to lightning, switching or

structure sources shall be included in the circuit design to
yield maximum protection without interrupting circuit
operation or requiring operator maintenance. Following are
the minimum devices to be used.
ii. A Surge Inductor Coil shall be provided in the negative

output of the module control center to oppose surges
originating from the structure. DC voltage drop of the coil
shall not exceed 25 mV at full load.
iii. Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV's) shall be provided across the

output terminals of each module control center to suppress
transient voltage surges. The metal oxide varistors shall be
voltage coordinated with the circuit and have the following
characteristics equivalent to Siemens S14K35 or General
Electric V56 ZA8
Peak Current Peak Energy MAXIMUM

(Amperes) (Joules) Clamping Test
Voltage Current
(Volts) (Amperes)
1000 8 110 10
4.3.8 Diodes
a. A Module Bypass Diode shall be provided across the output

terminals of each module control center to bypass the output
current to other series connected modules, in the event one
module in the system fails. The output bypass diode shall be stud
mounted with a minimum peak inverse voltage (PIV) rating of
300 volts and a minimum forward current rating of 100A.
Parallel diodes are not acceptable to achieve the 100A rating. The
diode shall be mounted in the module control center on an
appropriate heat sink rated for a maximum diode case temperature
21



of 80ºC at 50ºC ambient temperature. Each diode shall also

incorporate a series connected 5 milliohm, 75 watt resistor to
balance parallel diode current flow when modules are connected
in parallel. See Figure 1. Higher diode forward current ratings of
200% operating current shall be provided by the Vendor for
system ratings greater than those listed in section 4.2.
b. Schottky Blocking Diodes shall be incorporated in each module to

prevent the batteries from discharging through the photovoltaic
panels. The diode shall be type No. VSK4040 or equivalent
which has a minimum peak inverse voltage (PIV) rating of 40
volts and a minimum forward current rating of 40A. The diode
shall be mounted in the module control center on an appropriate
heat sink rated for a maximum diode case temperature of 80ºC at
50 ºC ambient air temperature. Blocking diodes shall be
connected to groups of panels to conduct no more than 50% of
rated current at peak panel output.
4.3.9 Enclosures
a. General
Each enclosure, except the output control resistor enclosure, shall

be designed to be corrosion resistant, dust tight, rain tight and
adequately dissipate internally generated heat under desert
conditions of 50ºC shaded ambient air temperature. Sunshades
shall be provided where photovoltaic panels do not completely
shade enclosures from direct sunlight. Each control enclosure
shall contain a print pocket to secure the installation, operating
and maintenance instructions. Mounting heights shall be
designed to allow easy access without reaching or bending for a
person of 1.6 meter height.
b. Storage Battery
The storage battery enclosure for each module shall be designed

for abovegrade installation and fully shaded by the array support
structure and photovoltaic array. Material shall be 6 mm thick
fiberglass reinforced plastic. The design shall include a
removable lid secured by at least four Type 304 or 316 stainless
steel lockable quick-release (no tools needed) latches with
compatible hardware. The lid shall support a minimum of 80 kg
22




in the center and have a mass of no more than 10 kg for easy
removal by a single person.
The enclosure shall employ a one-piece u-shaped heavy duty

black neoprene gasket bonded to the enclosure lip and
continuously in contact with the latched lid to provide a NEMA 4
rated seal . A venting means shall be provided to release hydrogen
gas and exclude dust/sand.
The enclosure base shall be ribbed inside with drain holes in each
depression to provide added battery support strength and
drainage/ventilation. External mounting tabs, two per end, shall
be provided for concrete pad or end column mounting of the
enclosure.
The battery cables and temperature compensation probe shall

enter the enclosure through sealed entries in the back or ends
inside flexible galvanized steel conduit with black PVC jacket.
Length : 915 mm
Width : 760 mm
Height : 510 mm
Battery servicing and maintenance instructions as follow shall be

engraved on permanent type plastic, etched on stainless steel or
made permanent in any other similar fashion and secured to the
top exterior of the battery enclosure cover in plain view. These
instructions shall also carry any special notices recommended by
the battery manufacturer including the following
i. Always Wear Protection Clothing and Eye Protection.

ii. No Smoking or Sparks - Danger of Hydrogen Gas.
iii. Keep Electrolyte Level Between Marks Shown on Batteries by
Adding Only Distilled Water - Do Not Add Raw Water or
Acid.
iv. Avoid Spilling Acid or Contact With Acid.
v. Check Connections for Tightness and Recoat to Avoid
Corrosion.
vi. Close and Latch Cover Tightly to Avoid Entry of Sand and
Dust.
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c. Module Control Center
The module control center enclosure shall be designed for

aboveground mounting within the shade of the photovoltaic array.
Material shall be aluminum alloy Designation No. 5052 or
equivalent, 3 mm thick minimum, with continuous hinge and
lockable quick-release (no tools needed) latching of Type 304 or
316 stainless steel and compatible hardware (minimum two
latches per enclosure). Enclosure shall be rated NEMA 4 with
external mounting provisions. Design shall be fully compatible
with the control panel and heat dissipation requirements.
Door gasket shall be fully framed with 45º mitered, dovetail

seams or one-piece construction using closed cell neoprene rubber
and high temperature adhesive.
d. Output Control Center
The output control center enclosure shall be designed for

aboveground mounting within the shade of the photovoltaic
arrays. The enclosure shall be rated NEMA 4 with external
mounting provisions. The material shall be aluminum alloy
Designation No. 5052 or equivalent, 3 mm thick minimum, with
continuous hinge and lockable quick-release (no tools needed)
latching of Type 304 or 316 stainless steel and compatible
hardware (minimum two latches per enclosure). Door gasket
shall be fully framed with 45º mitered, dovetail seams or of one-
piece construction using closed cell neoprene rubber and high
temperature adhesive.
e. Output Control Resistor
The output control resistor enclosure shall be designed for

aboveground mounting within the shade of the photovoltaic array.
Material shall be aluminum alloy Designation No. 5052 or
equivalent, 3 mm thick minimum, with continuous hinge and
lockable quick-release (no tools needed) latching of Type 304 or
316 stainless steel and compatible hardware (minimum two
latches per enclosure). Enclosure shall be ventilated with louvers
and rated NEMA 3R with external mounting provisions.
Mounting shall be compatible with both module and output
24



control center enclosures. Labeling shall be provided to warn

personnel of possible burn hazards of this enclosure. Wiring and
terminals shall be designed for high temperature, corrosion-free
performance.
4.3.10 Array Support Structure
a. General
The array support structure shall provide a mounting location for

each of the photovoltaic panels described in section 4.3.1 and
shall be adequately designed to withstand the environmental and
site conditions as specified in 01-SMSS-01. In addition, each
support structure shall include mounting provisions for the output
control center, module control center, storage battery enclosure
(space and access allowance only) and all associated wiring and
conduits. The structure shall be built to be self-supporting without
being installed on foundations or skids.
b. Design
The support structure shall be fully adjustable for tilt angle of the
photovoltaic panels from a panel position of 30 degrees to 55
degrees above horizontal.Design shall allow bolted field assembly
and array angle adjustment in increments of 5 degrees without
special tools or drilling. Each tilt increment shall be permanently
labelled for identification of tilt angle. Anchor plates at each leg
shall be minimum 6 mm thickness suitable for concrete pad or
skid mounting and accept up to 20 mm diameter anchor bolts.
The structure design shall be adequate to allow moving the entire
skid mounted version intact via truck or forklift to various sites.
The skid is not included in this Specification.
c. Material
The support structure shall be fabricated from minimum 2.80 mm

hot-dipped galvanized steel conforming to ASTM A123 and A36
with 610 g/m² zinc per side. All welding shall be full seal welds
to eliminate crevices. All cutting, forming, drilling and welding
shall be performed prior to galvanizing. All other hardware which
cannot be galvanized per ASTM A394 shall be Type 304 or 316
stainless steel. Where thermal stresses due to expansion
25




coefficient differentials between aluminum photovoltaic panel
frames and array support structure are anticipated, mounting
allowances for movement shall be included. Self-locking
hardware and nylon washers shall be used where specific torque is
needed to allow thermal expansion. Detailed instructions for field
assembly shall be provided in such cases.
d. Accessibility of Components
Array support structure shall be constructed to allow easy and

comfortable access to normal maintenance points such as the
batteries, control centers and panel glass. Mounting heights and
locations shall consider human factors engineering wherever
possible. Components shall be located to maximize natural panel
shading or sunshades shall be provided. Mounting height of
lower edge of photovoltaic panels shall be not less than 1 m above
grade to avoid maximum dust concentrations. Upper edge of the
photovoltaic panels shall not exceed 2.75 m at a tilt angle of 45º
to keep panels within reach for cleaning.
e. Construction Dimensions
The Vendor shall provide construction dimensions in a clear,

easy-to-read format explaining foundation requirements and
recommendations for anchoring the array support structure and
battery enclosure including all conduit needs. Construction
dimensions shall be available within 60 days of confirming
Purchase Order to allow field construction planning and layout.
4.3.11 Control Panels
a. General
The control panels shall be constructed to provide maximum

access to individual components for monitoring, troubleshooting
or replacement. Component layout shall be organized, functional
and clearly identified by appropriate labeling.
26



b. Design
All components shall be mounted on the front of the control panel

with wiring routed in a neat accessible manner behind. The panel
shall be firmly secured in place but removable without tools. The
control panel shall be vertically hinged for easy access behind
with all wiring intact for troubleshooting or replacement of
components in the operational mode.
c. Material
Control panels shall be constructed in one-piece of 6 mm

minimum thickness black or brown canvass reinforced laminated
phenolic.
d. Labeling
Each component shall be identified by function, rating where

appropriate, and terminals shall be marked "+" or "-" to designate
polarity. Panel marking shall be white, yellow or red letters
engraved directly into the phenolic. Separately engraved labels
are not acceptable. Red adhesive warning labels shall be placed
where appropriate to caution operators of dangerous or unsafe
practices or conditions.
4.3.12 Cable Terminations
Cable terminations on wiring shall be made with solderless

compression nylon self-insulated full-ring connectors appropriately
sized for the conductor. Spade-type terminations are not acceptable.
Large current carrying conductors over 70 mm² may terminate at
tinned or silver coated clamp-type lugs located in the respective
enclosures. Split-bolt connectors are not acceptable.
4.3.13 Wire Identification
Each conductor shall be identified by the color of the thermoplastic

insulation and permanent wire markers within 25 mm of each
termination. Each conductor shall have a number and color
identifying it which corresponds to the operating manual schematic
diagram for simplified troubleshooting and repair. Adhesive type wire
27




markers are not acceptable unless secured by transparent heat-shrink
tubing.
4.3.14 Grounding
Grounding for all components of the photovoltaic power supply

system shall be provided. Each enclosure and support structure
comprising the system shall be provided an externally mounted
mechanical connection equivalent to Burndy QDALC for a 25 mm²
minimum, copper ground conductor.
4.3.15 Name plates
a. General
Nameplates shall be attached to the following components:
i. Photovoltaic Arrays
ii. Module Control Centers
iii. Output Control Centers
iv. Battery Enclosures
b. Material
Nameplates shall be stainless steel, minimum 0.80 mm thickness

and stamped or engraved with the following information
i. "Modular Photovoltaic Power Supply"

ii. 45-SMSS-1, Rev.1
iii. Component: "Photovoltaic Panel", "Module Control Center"
or "Output Control Center", "Battery Enclosure" (as
appropriate)
iv. Manufacturer
v. Model Number
vi. Serial Number
vii. Date Manufactured
viii. Purchase Order Number
ix. SCECO-East Item or Stock Number
x. Output Rating-where Applicable
28



c. Mounting
Nameplates shall be fastened by Type 304 or 316 stainless steel

bolts or rivets to an outside surface of each component in clearly
visible locations.
5.0 TESTS
5.1 General
Inspection shall be carried out in accordance with SCECO Form 15351 attached
to the Purchase Order. When witnessed testing is specified, failure of any power
supply module component to meet the requirements of the Purchase Order and
specifications shall be justification for SCECO-East's Inspector to request further
tests on similar components of that order. Portions of the following tests may be
waived per section 3.0 when previous test certification is provided by the Vendor
showing successful performance of the same design(s) under similar conditions
for previous SCECO-East Purchase Orders.
5.2 Photovoltaic Panels
Certificates shall be provided showing the panel design supplied has

successfully passed the Performance Characterization Tests and the Design
Qualification Tests specified in the JPL Specifications, section 3.0. Any
exceptions shall be clearly noted and properly waived per section 3.0. Each
panel shall be production tested in accordance with JPL 5260-5, "Module
Production Acceptance Requirements". If specified on the SCECO Form
15351, these tests shall be witnessed by SCECO-East's Inspector.
5.3 Batteries
The Vendor confirming the batteries meet the requirements of section 4.3.2
shall supply design test certification. Performance tests shall be as described
hereafter.
5.4 Control Enclosure Performance Tests
One representative Module Control Center, Output Control Center and Output
Control Resistor Enclosure of each output rating from each order shall be
performance tested under full simulated load at minimum 50ºC for 24 hours.
Test certificates shall indicate successful performance of all solid state
29



components and construction materials. Temperature shall be chart recorded

during tests and available to the inspector. Witnessing of this test shall be at
the discretion of SCECO-East. If any component or material failures occur
during this test, SCECO-East's Inspector shall be notified to advise the
Operations Engineering Department of any proposed design or construction
changes prior to making any final changes.
5.5 System Assembly Test
The system assembly test is intended to show compatible assembly and

coordination between all components and sub-assemblies of two complete
power supply modules of each order or vendor's design including photovoltaic
arrays, array support structures, control enclosures, battery enclosures, batteries
and all wiring prior to shipping. Test shall be witnessed by the SCECO-East's
Inspector who will certify all components fit properly and safely within the
intent of this Specification and can be easily reassembled under field
conditions. For orders of less than two complete modules, the system assembly
test shall be conducted using only one module or waived per section 3.0, as
appropriate.
5.6 System Performance Testing
A complete multi-module system(s) shall be assembled and performance tested

by the Vendor prior to SCECO-East acceptance. The system to be tested shall
consist of a fixed number of complete modules to test each output rating of the
Purchase Order. Environmental simulation for this test is not required;
however, full electrical performance testing will be conducted on each multi-
module system. The number of modules shall be designated by the different
output ratings on the Purchase Order. Photovoltaic panels are not needed and
the electrical tests shall be conducted using a dc power supply to simulate the
photovoltaic array output at 100 mW/cm² and 25 ºC. Test shall be witnessed
by the SCECO-East's Inspector. The purpose of the electrical testing is to
insure proper operation and sizing of all components prior to shipping and
assembly in Saudi Arabia. If any deficiencies in the system design or
construction are apparent, SCECO-East shall be notified immediately to allow
modifications with minimum schedule impact. Tests shall be conducted
indoors at the system manufacturer's plant at 20ºC to 25ºC and local humidity
conditions. The electrical tests to be performed are as follows:
30



a. Grounding:
Electrical grounding of all metal surfaces with system grounded per

specification shall be sufficient to insure a metal surface to ground
resistance of 1 ohm or less.
b. Rated Load:
Full load system output at rated voltage and current for 48 hours
continuously. Abnormal heating or scorching of components should be
checked. Proper operation of charge regulators, protective devices,
shunts, meters and battery electrolyte density at listed temperature
shall be checked. Component temperatures shall be measured by
attached thermocouple to determine proper sizing of components, heat
sinks and connections. Solid state component heat rise shall not
exceed 35ºC from ambient using fully stabilized readings.
c. Overload:
Immediately following test (b), the load current shall -be increased
25% for 8 hours. Circuit protective devices which may interrupt
continuous operation during the overload test shall be temporarily
bypassed. Abnormal heating or scorching of components should be
checked. Solid state power device temperatures shall be measured
again and recorded. Any device temperatures above 100ºC shall not
be acceptable.
d. Short Circuit:
Starting at room temperature, the system output terminals shall be

fully short circuited with all protective devices properly connected to
confirm no damage to system components under short circuit
conditions. The test shall be repeated five (5) times after an interval of
5 minutes or more between repetitions.
e. Open Circuit:
The system load current shall be reduced to zero to determine if

storage batteries charge properly without overcharging, overheating or
excessive gassing. Duration of test shall be 48 hours under continuous
simulated dc input power starting with batteries at full charge
conditions.
31



f. Battery Storage Capacity:
All power for this test shall be supplied by the system's fully charged
battery bank(s). The load shall be adjusted to rated system capacity
without simulated dc input power or photovoltaic panels. Test shall
continue until system output drops below 5.5 volt per 10 ampere
module or 120 hours, whichever occurs first. Performance less than
120 hours shall be unacceptable. This test shall be deleted if either of
the recommended battery types are supplied.
Note: Above tests shall be performed on one system of each SCECO-East's

order on a one-time per design basis.
5.7 Modifications
Modifications to the system design outlined in this Specification shall require

complete performance testing with recertification of test results unless
otherwise agreed by SCECO-East.
Test certificates indicating the procedures followed and the tests performed
shall be submitted to SCECO-East. Compliance with the requirements of this
Specification with any approved deviations listed shall be included and
approved prior to acceptance.
6.0 DATA REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Installation, Operating and Maintenance Instructions
6.1.1 Contents
One copy of the Installation, Operating and Maintenance Instructions,

contained in a plastic covered binder, shall be included in each module
and output control center and shall describe all of (and only) the
equipment installed. Drawings shall be no larger than 280 mm x 430
mm completely dimensioned and labeled to include structural details,
full electrical schematics and detailed connection diagrams including
terminal block identification and all connections to be made by
SCECO-East.
6.1.2 Storage
32




At least one copy of instructions (section 6.1) shall be stored and
secured in a vinyl weatherproof envelope inside each module control
center and output control center. The envelope shall be clearly labeled
"Installation, Operating and Maintenance Instructions".
6.2 Permanent Schematic
A permanent schematic depicting the actual factory wiring diagram for all
respective components shall be mounted behind clear Lexan(R) in each module
and output control center and battery enclosure. The schematic shall be printed
in a neat, non-fading legible drafting manner. The Lexan(R) plate shall be
minimum 3 mm thickness and fastened or framed to the enclosure access panel
or cover by removable hardware. Schematic shall be per JEDEC Standards.
33



QUANTITIES OF 6V, 10A SOLAR MODULES REQUIRED

FOR VARIOUS TOTAL OUTPUTS
100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
90 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
80 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
70 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
60 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
40 4 8 12 16 20 24 48 32 36 40
30 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
D.C. VOLTS OUTPUT
TABLE 1
Shaded portion indicates output rating and module quantities directly addressed in
this Specification
34



35



36



37



38



39

45smss1 (Specfication For Modular Photovoltaic Power Supply)

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Saudi Consolidated Electric Company 

   

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

MODULAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SUPPLY

Approved By Engineering Standards Committee (Esc) On

1420, JUMADA’I, 28 / SEPTEMBER 8, 1999.

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 1 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

2.0 CROSS REFERENCES

3.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

4.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

6.0 DATA REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Installation, Operating and Maintenance

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 2 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 1 : Module Schematic

Figure 2 : Multi-Module Block Diagram

Figure 3 : Module Configuration Terminal

Figure 4 : Output Control Center Schematic

Figure 5 : Output Control Center Layout

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 3 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

This SCECO-East Material Standard Specification SMSS specifies the minimum

2.0 CROSS REFERENCES

3.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

The latest revision/amendments of the following Codes and Standards shall be

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 4 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

3.5 ASTM A36 Specification for Structural Steel

3.9 AWS D 1.1 American Welding Society

3.10 CSA Z-299-4 Prescriptions Du Programme de Controle de la Qualite

3.11 NEMA ICS 6 Enclosures for Industrial Controls and Systems

3.12 NFPA No. 70 National Fire Protection Association

4.0 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 5 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

4.2 Performance Characteristics and Ratings

4.2.1 Each photovoltaic supply module shall be capable of providing

DC DC Modules * Output control center rating **

4.2.2 Additional output ratings over 1 kW may be specified by SCECO-

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 6 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

4.3.1 Photovoltaic Panels

The photovoltaic panels shall meet Jet Propulsion Laboratories

The panels for each module shall be electrically and mechanically

The photovoltaic array shall be sized to supply 70A peak at a

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 7 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

The photovoltaic cells shall be mechanically and environmentally

e. Cell and Inter cell Connections

Individual photovoltaic cells shall have multiple interconnections

Solder employed in cell connections shall be a nominal solder

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 8 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

h. Front Panel Cover

The panel frame shall be manufactured from aluminum alloy with

Each panel shall incorporate an electrical connection junction box

Panels shall be of uniform dimensions, mounting characteristics,

[45SMSS1MAI/] PAGE NO. 9 of 39

SCECO MATERIALS STANDARD SPECIFICATION 45-SMSS-1, Rev. 1

4.3.2 Storage Batteries

Saudi Consolidated Electric Company