Professional Documents
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Well Logging
Well Logging
Abbas Radhi
Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Introduction to well logging
1
Seismic
6 2
Formation
Fluid Mud
sample logging
Formation
Evaluation
5 3
Wireline Core
Logging data
4
LWD
3
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Introduction to well logging
4
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Define of well logging
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Open hole and cased hole meaning
casing Hole
cement
formation
3
2 Logging program .
1 Drilling Plan and
well type
Well Location By
technical Team
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
How to select type of well logging ?
Reservoir Petrophysics
Engineer Engineer
technical team
Geophysics Geology
Contour Map with well location
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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How to select type of well logging ?
Drilling plan
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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How to select type of well logging ?
Reservoir
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Example : Logging Program In vertical well
45 degree
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Well Logging
2. Modular dynamic
Abbas Radhi
Neutron SCMT ,CAST
formation tester
Sonic
(MDT)
3. Resistivity logs :
Laterolog 3. Full bore 2. production logging tools
Induction Formation Micro ( PLT)
Micro Focused Imager(FMI)
Micro resistivity 3. saturation log ( RST , RST
4.Sidewall core (SWC) pro , RMT , PNX , PNN , TDT ,
4. Caliper log
CRE , rpm )
5. Vertical seismic
profile (VSP) 4. Casing inspection log
. ( MFC , MIT , USI , ETT )
1. Rock typing
2. Identification of geological environment
3. Reservoir fluid contact location
4. Fracture detection
5. Estimate of hydrocarbon in place
6. Estimate of recoverable hydrocarbon
7. Determination of water salinity
8. Reservoir pressure determination
9. Porosity/pore size distribution determination
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses of well logging in petroleum engineering
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Who use logs?
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Who use logs?
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Who use logs?
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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8.25 “ open Hole logging
Run(1): GR/SP/CAL/DLL/MSFL/XDT
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Depth of investigation of logging tools
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Common logs and what they measure
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Standard wireline logs scales, units and ranges.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Type of Conventional Open Hole logging
1. Lithology logs :
SP
GR
2. Porosity logs :
Density
Neutron
Sonic
3. Resistivity logs :
Laterolog
Induction
Micro Focused
Micro resistivity
4-Caliper log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Lithology meaning
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Lithology meaning
During completion ,
Before and during drilling workover and
production
1. ROP 1. Sand control
2. Bit selection 2. Acid type
3. Drilling fluid
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Lithology logs :1.Spontaneous potential (SP –Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Lithology logs :1.Spontaneous potential (SP –Log)
• High SP shale
• Low SP sandstone
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Lithology logs :1.Spontaneous potential (SP –Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Shale volume calculation from SP
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Lithology logs : 2.Gamma ray (GR)
Operation principle :
Measure the natural radioactive of
formation .
Applications :
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Lithology logs : 2.Gamma ray (GR)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Types Of GR -Log
K U Th
GR
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses Of GR -Log
Uses Of GR -Log:
1.Determination of Lithology
2.Determination of Shale Content
3.Depth Matching
4.Cased Hole Correlations
5.Recognition of Radioactive Mineral Deposits
6.Recognition of Non-Radioactive Mineral Deposits
7.Radio-isotope Tracer Operations
8.Facies and Depositional Environment Analysis
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Uses GR in cased hole
GR & CCL using with all cased hole logging for depth control ( depth
correction ) , below example for depth correction before perforation
operation :
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses GR in Open hole
1-Determination of Lithology
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses GR in Open hole
2-Shale volume calculation from GR
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses GR in Open hole
3- well correlations
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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SP , GR , CAL -Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 1: GR , SP in ( Limestone and low shale) formation
Limestone
SP shale
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 2: GR , SP ( sand and shale ) formation
SP
sand
Low GR ( sand )
High GR ( shale )
shale
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Summary of lithology log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Spectral Gamma Ray
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Spectral Gamma Ray
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Uses Of Spectral Gamma Ray
1. Determination of Lithology
2. Unconformity Detection
3. Inter-well Correlation
4. Recognition of Igneous Rocks
5. Diagenesis
6. Sedimentology
7. Estimation of Uranium Potential
8. Cation Exchange Capacity
9. Radioactive Scaling
10. Hydrocarbon Potential
11. Fracture Detection
12. Stylolite Detection
13. Phosphate Detection
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Spectral Gamma Ray
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Spectral Gamma Ray
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity Log
Porosity Log :
Sonic
Density
Neutron
NMR
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Porosity log : 1.(Sonic Log)
Principle :
The acoustic/sonic log is a porosity
log that measures the interval transit
time of a compressional wave
traveling through one foot of
formation. The logging sonde consists
of one or more transmitters, and two
or more receivers. Modern
acoustic/sonic logs are borehole
compensated devices.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log: 1.(Sonic Log )
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log: 1.(Sonic Log )
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 1.(Sonic Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 1.(Sonic Log)
For
Porosity from sonic log For clean correction
formation to shale
Wyllie Time-Average Equation:
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 1.(Sonic Log)
Sonic velocities and interval transit times for different matrix types
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 1: sonic log in ( Anhydrite and dolomite ) formation
Dolomite
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 2: sonic log in ( shale and sand) formation
shale
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 3: sonic log in ( pay zone limestone) formation
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
1. Determination of Porosity
2. Acoustic Impedance (The acoustic impedance can be used to
create synthetic seismograms to help the interpretation of
seismic data )
3. Identification of Lithology
4. Identification of Evaporites
5. Shale Compaction, Age, and Unconformities
6. Overpressure
7. Recognition of Accessory Mineralogies
8. Fracture Recognition
9. Organic Content of Source Rocks
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
Principle :
A radioactive source, applied to the
borehole wall in a shielded sidewall
skid, emits medium-energy gamma
rays into the formations. These
gamma rays collide with the
electrons in the formation. At each
collision a gamma ray loses some of
its energy to the electrons and
continuous diminished energy. This
type of interaction is known as
Compton scattering. The scattered
gamma rays reaching the detector,
at a fixed distance from the source,
are counted as an indication of
formation density.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
From table
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 2.(Density Log)
Common values
of matrix density
and photoelectric
in rocks
Common values of
matrix density for
fluids
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Porosity log : 3.(Neutron Log)
Principle :
Neutron logs are porosity logs that
essentially measures the hydrogen
concentration in a formation. In
“clean” formations, where the pore
spaces are filled with water or oil, the
neutron log measures liquid-filled
porosity.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
)Porosity log : 3.(Neutron Log
Sidewall SNP هذا الجهاز يسجل مباشرة" بوحدات مسامية ويكون ملتصقا" بجدار البئر عند التسجيل .يلتقط هذا الجهاز
فقط النيوترونات فوق الحرارية ( )epithermal neutronsالتي لها طاقة تعادل ( )0.4evوذلك
Neutron للتخصل من تاثير امتصاص النيوترونات من قبل عناصر الكلور والبورون فالجهاز يستجيب فقط لعنصر
Porosity tool الهيدروجين .معظم التصحيحات على القياسات تجري بصورة اتوماتيكية كتصحيح تأثير تقل الطين
( ، )mud weightملحوحة الطين ( ، )mud salinityاختالف قطر البئر و درجة الحرارة .ان
حساب المسامية في هذا الجهاز يكون اتوماتيكيا ويستعمل في االبار المفتوحة ()open hole
Compensated CNL في هذا الجهاز يكون عدد النيوترونات المقذوفة من المصدر يساوي اربعة اضعاف النيونترونات المقذوفة
من اجهزة النيوترون االخرى وهذه الزيادة تساعد في اختراق النيوترونات داخل الطبقات لمسافة ابعد ،ان
Neutron Tools اجهزة االلتقاط موضوعة بمسافة معينة من المصدر حيث يساعد هذا النوع من التصميم على التخلص من
االختالفات االحصائية ( )statistical variationsفي العد وكذلك زيادة عمق البحث للنيوترونات
وعلى تقليل تأثيرت البئر على القياسات .ويستعمل هذا الجاز في االبار المبطنة ( )cased holeوفي
الغير مبطنة ()open hole
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 3.(Neutron Log)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Porosity log : 3.(Neutron Log)
Where :
a and B are constants, N is the count rate and ϕ is the true porosity.
The constants a and B vary depending on the nature of the formation and require
calibration; a limestone and a sandstone will have different log responses even if the
porosity is the same. It is essential to know whether the tool has been calibrated for a
limestone or sandstone matrix before applying any evaluation technique.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Density , Neutron , sonic Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Density and neutron behavior
Cross between
density and
neutron in sand
sand
water
Big separate
between density
and neutron in
shale
shale
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Case 2: Density – Neutron ( limestone and dolomite) formation
limestone
normal separate
between density
and neutron in oil oil
zone ( Lim & Dol )
dolomite
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Variation of Instrument Response to Porosity
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Summary of porosity log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
Resistivity Applications
Determine whether hydrocarbons are present.
Identify at what depths hydrocarbons are present.
Determine the quantity of hydrocarbon material that exists (if
porosity is known) through Archie's equation.
Determine mud resistivity to help define the invasion profile.
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity conductive in salt water and oil
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
Why
many Resistivity
log types
????
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log ( MSFL & DLL)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log ( MSFL & DLL)
SFL
• Hydrocarbon
• Tight zone ( low porosity )
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Resistivity Log (MSFL &DLL)
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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water saturation calculation
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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water saturation calculation
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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water saturation calculation
Logheader
Log header
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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water saturation calculation
Rw Determination
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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workflow and standard of water-flooded layers
High GR shale
Low resistivity
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 2 : Low resistivity because water zone
sand
Low GR
water
Low resistivity
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 3 : high resistivity because oil zone
good resistivity
limestone
Low GR
oil
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 4 : So high resistivity because tight zone
Low resistivity
So high resistivity
High GR
shale
Anhydrite
Low GR
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Summary of Resistivity log
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Caliper Log
Caliper
1-A caliper log is a well logging tool that
provides a continuous measurement of
the size and shape of a borehole along
its depth The measurements that are
recorded can be an important indicator of
caving
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Types of Caliper Tools
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Caliper Log- interpretation
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Case 1 : Caliper Log-in vertical wells ( four cases )
CAL
CAL
BIT
BIT
CAL
BIT
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
Schlumberger-Private
Case 2 : Caliper Log-in Horizontal wells
ultra sonic caliper , Example : this tools can give caliper log 2D
and 3 D and 3D
caving Bit size 8.25”
3D
Tight spot
2D
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Agenda
Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Log interpretation
Log interpretation
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Log interpretation
Schlumberger-Private
Qualitative Log interpretation
1-Qualitative:
Assessment of
reservoir
properties, fluid
type form log
pattern . mean
check the oil ,
water and gas
zone in general
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Quantitative Log interpretation
2-Quantitative:
Numerical
estimation of
Petrophysic
properties (
Volume of shale ,
porosity ,
permeability ,
water saturation
and lithology
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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(3) Log interpretation (Quantitative analytical techniques )
Quantitative
analytical
techniques
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Data need for log interpretation
If use the software for log interpretation should have below data
:
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Log interpretation using software
the software for log interpretation can help you to calculate the
petrohysics properties as show below : ( Tech-log software ) as
example
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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Log interpretation using software
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Well Logging Overview ---- By : Abbas Radhi Abbas - Iraq / Missan / 22-April -2022
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