LIGHTING SCHEMES

LIGHTING SCHEMES

Lighting schemes are classified according to the following:

location, requirement and purposes etc. are as under:

1. DIRECT LIGHTING
2. INDIRECT LIGHTING
3. SEMI - DIRECT LIGHTING
4. SEMI - INDIRECT LIGHTING
5. GENERAL LIGHTING
DIRECT LIGHTING

a. In this system almost 90% to 95% light falls directly on the

object or surface.
b. The light is made to fall upon the surface with the help of
deep reflectors.
c. Most used in industries and commercial lighting.
d. Although this scheme is most efficient it is liable to cause
glare and shadow.
INDIRECT LIGHTING

● In this system, the light does not fall directly on the surface
but more than 90% of light is directed upwards by using
diffusing reflectors.
● Here the ceiling acts as a source of light and this light is
uniformly distributed over the surface and glare is reduce to
minimum.
● It provides shadow less illumination which is useful for
drawing officesand composing rooms.
● It is also used for decoration purposes in cinema halls, hotels
and etc.
INDIRECT LIGHTING
SEMI - DIRECT LIGHTING

● This is also an efficient system of lighting and chances of glare

are also reduced.
● Here transparent shades are used through which about 60%
light is directed downward and 40% is directed upward.
● This also provides a uniform distribution of light and is best
suited for room with high ceilings.
SEMI INDIRECT LIGHTING

● In this system about 60% to 90% of total light is thrown

upward tovthe ceiling for diffused reflection and the rest
reaches the working plane directly.
● A very small amount of light is absorbed by the bowl.
● It is mainly used for interior decoration.
SEMI INDIRECT LIGHTING
GENERAL LIGHTING

● This system employs such type of luminaires, shades and

reflectors which gives equal illumination in all the directions.
DESIGN OF INDOORBLIGHT SCHEME

WHILE DESIGNING A GOOD LIGHTING SCHEMES, THE

FOLLOWING POINTS MUST BE KEPT IN MIND:

a. It should provide adequate illumination.

b. It should provide uniformly distributed light all over the
working plane.
c. It should avoid glare and shadows as far as possible.
d. It should provide light of suitable colors.
FACTORS REQUIRED FOR LIGHT SCHEME

THE FOLLOWING FACTORS ARE REQUIRED TO BE

CONSIDERED WHILE DESIGNING THE LIGHTING SCHEME:

a. Illumination level
b. Quality of light
c. Coefficient of utilization
d. Depreciation factor
e. Space height ratio
ILLUMINATION LEVEL

a. This is the most vital factor in deciding the number and

wattage of luminaires so that we are able to see and
recognized the object properly.

b. Colors of the body have the property of reflecting the light in

different proportions, degree of illumination, its distance
from the viewer, contrast between the object to be seen and
its surroundings.
ILLUMINATION LEVEL
TYPE OF WORK RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION LEVEL

OFFICES 100 - 400 lumens / square meter

SCHOOLS 250 - 400 lumens / square meter

INDUSTRY 1000 lumens / square meter

SHOPS 250 - 500 lumens / square meter

HOTELS 80 - 100 lumens / square meter

HOSPITALS 250 - 3,500 lumens / square meter

QUALITY OF LIGHT
a. This means that the illumination should not be harmful to the viewers.
b. It should be glare free, shadow less, and contrast free.
c. Direct glare from the source of light is most common factor.
d. Presence of polished or glassy surface will cause indirect glare unless
diffused light is used.
e. Hard and long shadows can be avoided by using a large number of lamps
and adjusting the mounting height.
 COEFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION
a. A surface to be illuminated recieve light either directly from the
lamps or reflected from the ceilings, walls, or both .
b. In this case, the total flux reaching the surface will never be equal
to the flux emitted by the lamp, due to absorption by reflectors,
ceilings and walls.

Utilization factor = lumens reaching the surface at the working place

= total lumens emitted by the source

Usually it varies from 0.5 to 0.8

DEPRECIATION FACTOR
a. The total flux emitted by the source and its fitting may be
reduced to deposition of dust upon the surfaces.
b. Similarly quantity of light reflected from the ceiling and walls
also decreases with the passage of time.

Usually it varies from 1.3 to 1.6.

SPACE HEIGHT RATIO
a. The ratio of space ( horizontal distance ) between the two
adjacent lamps to the vertical height of the lamps above the
working plane.
b. So the distance between the lamps is not too much.
c. An ideal scheme could be when there is large number of
small size lamps are used also it increases the cost of
installation.
d. So the space height ratio is 1 to 1.5
The End