AAP REPORT

Slide 1 (sculpture)

- So, as a continuation, let’s move on to the Sculpture. Back in 1903, one year after the Philippine-
American War (wherein The US won), Americans ordered building monuments of Dr. Jose Rizal.
And in 1913, Richard Kissling a Swiss national built Rizal Monument located in Manila, showing
Rizal in topcoat and with a book held in the left hand as shown on the picture.

Slide 2

- Guillermo Tolentino, a Filipino sculptor and professor of the University of the Philippines. He is
also designated as a National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture in 1973. Some of his famous
works were UP Oblation statue, The designs for the gold and bronze medals of the Ramon
Magsaysay Award, The design for the seal of the Republic of the Philippines.

Slide 3

- In November 30, 1933 Tolentino created his most famous work which is the Andres Bonifacio
Monument or commonly known as Bonifacio monument or monumento that is located in
Caloocan. There is actually an LRT station in line 1 of monumento.
- Tolentino intended here to depict the injustice, suffering and resistance of the Filipino masses in
the armed of 1896 revolution.

Slide 4

- Actually, there was an earlier sculpture of Bonifacio, sculpted by ramon Martinez in 1905 which
was formally located to the site of “Cry of Balintawak” in Quezon City but now relocated in the
university of the philippine’s vinzon’s hall.
- He intended the monument to be the representation of all Katipunan heroes who joined the
1896 revolution.

Slide 5

- Tolentino was a conservative classicist, doon sa sculpture niya of Bonifacio, kita ang pagiging
classicist niya by realistic, detailed and controlled tension of the figure.
- and in his prime expressed his views against modernist tendencies in art. ang sabi niya ay “who
can fall in love with their abstractions?”
- however, in 1930s, the first manifestation of modernism appeared in architectural sculpture –
metropolitan theatre, it was built by Francisco monti, an Italian and in MET, he introduced the
economy of line, simplicity of form, and distortion of figures through elongation in his
ornaments.

Slide 6 (painting)

- after the war in 1902, the Filipino painters “turned to depicting the countryside rather than to
depicting the horrors of turmoil.” And the trend toward genre painting, which began in the
1890s, reached full maturity during the first 3 decades of American rule.
- On the other hand, in 1928, modern art began formally to threaten the dominance of
conservatism (painting).
 - Fabian de la rosa and later, Fernando Amorsolo dominated and influenced the art scene of the
first 3 decades with their landscape and genre paintings. Like, Rice-planting, plowing, palay
harvesting and pounding, river scenes, and street scenes.

Slide 7

- As an example, on the picture presented sa left side was the painting of fabian de la rosa
entitled rice planters. On the right side naman was the painting of Fernando Amorsolo, planting
rice.

Slide 8

- So in painting there were also dispute between the modernists and classicists, modernists view
Amorsolo tradition as “prettiness” and “academism. Whilst, classicists dismissed the works of
moderns as “bizarre” or strange as they viewed their subjects with an end towards idealized
representation. However, The early moderns, working under the influence of Cezanne and
Gauguin, depicted their subjects in terms of the technical considerations of mass, line, colour,
and space

Slide 9

- To further explain the modernists, Victor Edades, a modern artist painted The Builders done in
semi-abstraction and involving the distortion of the human figure and multiple perspective,
served to herald the new tendency which would have among its first adherents such painters as
Galo Ocampo and Carlos Francisco. With Edades, they would come to be known as the
triumvirate of the Philippine modern art.

Slide 10

- Now, what happened during the Japanese occupation? Painting activity during this period was
at a standstill or in other term there was no progress or movement. Although a Japanese
sponsored exhibition asked painters to portray the “New Philippines” it didn’t work out as no
one supported this.

Slide 11 (music and dance)

- Now in music and dance, sandugong panaginip was the the first opera written by a filipino
during American regime, which was Libretto written by Pedro Paterno, music composed by
Ladislao Bonus. It was performed 5 times at the teatro zorilla (banggitin ang pic sa ppt) in august
1902, with civil governor William taft as a leading patron.
- So a brief description of the opera, it “reflects the thinking of Paterno and the attitude of
collaboration with the Americans, that is Filipino acceptance of American sovereignty and
cooperation with the new rulers.”

Slide 12

- During this period, most musicians composed music for the zarzuela, so to refamiliarize us what
is zarzuela, It is a form of lyric theater drama incorporated with singing, dancing and dialogue. It
is comical in nature.
 - Example: “Ang Maya” was composed by Jose Estella for his own zarzuela. “Filipinas para los
Filipinos” “Bituing Marikit” was originally written for Servando de los Angeles’ zarzuela,
“Dakilang Punglo” (1929)
- In this same time, there was an issue amongst musicians who used native and foreign influences
in creating a national music. Composing songs based on traditional forms: ➢ Kundiman (1920)
produced by Bonifacio Abdon ➢ Mutya ng Pasig (1926) by Nicanor Abelardo ➢ Anak Dalita
(1917) by Francisco Santiago

slide 13

- And these same composers incorporated native melodies in their compositions employing
western musical forms. Thus, ➢ O! Dios sa Kalangitan – was based on the tagalog, “pasyon ➢
Sonata Filipina in D Flat Major – based on the tagalog “balitaw and kundiman and the Visayan,
lulay ➢ Concerto in b flat ➢ also used native music from the ethnic of the Philippines. Taga
ilog, Symphony in D Major (1939) – introduced native instruments such as the barimbaw and
the Muslim gongs.

Slide 14

- The tendency towards “ultra-modernism” of local composers, another musician, H.F. Rubio,
showed his displeasure. On the other hand, Antonio j. Molina praised these musicians for raising
folk music to the level of “art”
- These problems was the root cause of American colonialism because of its dominance in culture.
For instance, Rondalla had lost its popularity by 1913 and Zarzuela had its last big presentation
at Teatro Zorilla in 1927, and vaudeville had taken over, popularizing jazz and blues and dances
such as the fox trot, Charleston, tango, and tap dance.

Slide 15

- Therefore, In order to preserve our native culture U.P. President Jorge Bocobo appointed
Francisco Santiago in 1934 to be chairman of committee to gather, record, and study the folk
songs of our country. And also encouraged Francisca Reyes Aquino to record Philippine native
dances. And she came out with two publications namely: Philippine Folk dances and games
(1927) ➢ Philippine national dances (1946)
- So moving on, on the Japanese occupation, the manila Shimbun-sha sponsored a song contest
dedicated to the new Philippines. And the piece that won was entitled, “Song of the creation of
the new Philippines” by Catalino Dionisio; set to music by Felipe Padilla de Leon and was was
formally presented on November 29, 1942.

Slide 16 (cinema)

- So because of the technical developments and national audience, social developments rise the
cinematic art in the Philippines.
- The earliest motion picture exhibition was held near the Escolta in 1897
- And in 1903, American cowboy movies began to be shown to mass audiences for free. One
example of an American cowboy movie was the great train robbery directed and produced by
Edwin s. porter for the edison manufacturing company. It’s actually only 12 minutes.
- Local production…

Slide 17

- Dalagang bukid was The first all-Filipino silent movie, produced by Jose Nepomuceno Jr., known
as the father of Philippines movies in 1917.
- Its about