ELC501 ENGLISH FOR

CRITICAL ACADEMIC
READING
DEDUCTIVE & INDUCTIVE
REASONING
Reasoning is the process of thinking about
something in a logical order to form a
conclusion or judgment.
 DEFINITIONS
DEDUCTIVE INDUCTIVE

Beginning with a Making specific

general statement and observations/argumen
then finding specific or ts which together build
particular towards a broader
observations/argumen general conclusion.
ts to support your
initial thesis.
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 IN SIMPLER WORDS…
Deductive Paragraph
A paragraph that has its most
general statement at the
beginning of it!
Which means, the stated main
idea is located at the beginning
of the paragraph.
Inductive Paragraph
A paragraph that has its most
general statement at the end of it!
Which means, the stated main
idea is located at the end of the
4 paragraph.
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 In contrast, most screens, e-readers, smartphones and tablets
interfere with intuitive navigation of a text and inhibit people from
mapping the journey in their minds. A reader of digital text might
scroll through a seamless stream of words, tap forward one page
at a time or use the search function to immediately locate a
particular phrase, but it is difficult to see any one passage in the
context of the entire text. Although e-readers such as the Kindle
and tablets like the iPad re-create pagination which is sometimes
complete with page numbers, headers and illustrations, the screen
can only display a single virtual page at a time.

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In a study published in January 2013, Anne Mangen of the University
of Stavanger in Norway and her colleagues found that students who
read the texts on computers performed more poorly than students
who read on paper. Mangen moots that students reading PDF files
encountered more difficulties finding particular information when
referencing the texts. They could only scroll or click through the PDFs
one section at a time, whereas students reading on paper could hold
the text in its entirety in their hands and quickly switch between
different pages. Paper books and documents may be better suited to
absorption in a text for their easy navigability. This study that
investigated reading on screens indicated that screens impair
comprehension by limiting the way people navigate texts.

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 THANKS!

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