Q1. Draw the structures of all the eight structural isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br.

Name each isomer according to IUPAC system and classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary
bromide.

Ans. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Br 1-Bromopentane (primary) CH3CH2CH2CH (Br) CH3 2-Bromopentane

(secondary) CH3CH2CH (Br) CH2 CH3 3-Bromopentane (secondary) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br 1-Bromo-3-
methylbutane (primary) (CH3)2CHCHBrCH3 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane (secondary) (CH3)2CBrCH2CH3
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane (tertiary) CH3CH2CH (CH3) CH2Br 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane (primary)
(CH3)3CCH2Br 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane (primary)

Q2. Write IUPAC names of the following:

Ans.
(i) 4-Bromopent-2-ene
(ii) 3-Bromo-2-methylbut-1-ene
(iii) 4-Bromo-3-methylpent-2-ene
(iv) 1-Bromo-2-methylbut-2-ene
(v) 1-Bromobut-2-ene
(vi) 3-Bromo-2-methylpropene

Q3. Why is Sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?
Ans. Sulphuric acid is an oxidising agent. It will oxidise HI produced during
the reaction to I2 and therefore, will prevent reaction between an alcohol and
HI to form alkyl halide.

Q4. Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane.

Ans. 1,1-dibromopropane, 1,2-dibromopropane, 1,3-dibromopropane, 2,2-dibromopropane

Q5. Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.

(i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
(ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane.
Ans. (i) Chloromethane < Bromomethane < Dibromomethane < Bromoform
(ii) Isopropyl chloride < 1-Chloropropane < 1-Chlorobutane

Q6. Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product
while AgCN forms isocyanides as the chief product. Explain.
Ans. KCN is predominantly ionic and provides cyanide ions in solution.
Although both carbon and nitrogen atoms are in a position to donate electron
pairs, the attack takes place mainly through carbon atom and not through
nitrogen atom since C—C bond is more stable than C—N bond. However,
AgCN is mainly covalent in nature and nitrogen is free to donate electron pair
forming isocyanide as the main product.
Q7. In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which would undergo SN2 reaction
faster?
(i) C6H11-CH2Cl and C6H11-Cl
(ii) CH3CH2CH2CH2I and CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
Ans. (i) C6H11-CH2Cl is primary halide and therefore undergoes SN2 reaction faster.
(ii) CH3CH2CH2CH2I will undergoes SN2 reaction faster because iodide ion is a
better leaving group because of its large size, it will be released at a faster rate
in the presence of incoming nucleophile.
Q8. Predict the order of reactivity of the following compounds in SN1 and SN2 reactions:
(i) The four isomeric bromobutanes
(ii) C6H5CH2Br, C6H5CH (C6H5) Br, C6H5 CH (CH3) Br, C6H5 C (CH3) (C6H5) Br

Ans. In SN1 reaction, stability of carbocation decreases, tertiary > secondary > primary
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br < (CH3)2CHCH2Br < CH3CH2CH (Br) CH3 <
(CH3)3CBr (SN1) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br > (CH3)2CHCH2Br > CH3 CH2
CH (Br) CH3 > (CH3)3CBr (SN2)
(ii) C6H5 C (CH3) (C6H5) Br > C6H5 CH (C6H5) Br > C6H5 CH (CH3) Br >
C6H5CH2Br (SN1) C6H5 C (CH3) (C6H5) Br < C6H5 CH (C6H5) Br < C6H5
CH (CH3) Br < C6H5CH2Br (SN2)

Q9. Explain why (i) the dipole moment of Chlorobenzene is lower than
that of cyclohexyl chloride?

(ii) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?

(iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?

Ans. (i) Due to magnitude of negative charge (δ-) is less on Cl atom of

Chlorobenzene than in cyclohexyl chloride.

(ii) Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water because the
molecules of water are held together by hydrogen bonds.

(iii) Grignard reagents are very reactive.

Q10. Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give
compound (b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer
of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which
is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with
sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the
reactions.

Ans. (a) isobutyl bromide

(b) 2-methyl prop-1-ene
(c) t-butyl bromide
(d) 2, 5-dimethyl hexane.