II.

EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS NEEDED:

Material/Equipment Image Function

- Erlenmeyer flasks are
used to contain liquids and
for mixing, heating, cooling,
incubation, filtration,
storage, and other liquid-
handling processes. Their
Erlenmeyer Flask slanted sides and narrow
necks allow the contents to
be mixed by swirling without
the risk of spills, which is
useful for titrations and for
boiling liquids.

- It a piece of laboratory
apparatus used to measure
the volume of a liquids,
chemicals or solutions
during the lab daily work.
Graduated Cylinder
Graduated cylinders are
more precise and accurate
than the common laboratory
flasks and beakers.

- Laboratory ovens, also

referred to as laboratory
furnaces, are used to
sterilize biohazard waste,
dissecting instruments or
media/reagents for aseptic
Oven
assays. They are also used
for drying, heating, testing
environmental stresses,
such as changes in
temperature, light and
humidity.
- A pipette is a laboratory
instrument used to measure
out or transfer small
Pipette quantities of liquid, in
volumes of
milliliters(mL),microliters
(μL).
 - A device for removing
liquids or gases by suction,
especially an instrument
that uses suction to remove
Pipetol
substances, such as mucus
or serum, from a body
cavity.

- Spectrophotometers
measure light intensity as a
function of wavelength and
are commonly used to
Spectrophotometer measure the concentration
of a compound in an
aqueous solution.

-A volumetric flask is lab

glass or plasticware used to
prepare a solution. It is used
to make up a solution to a
known volume. Volumetric
Volumetric Flask
flasks are used to measure
volumes much more
precisely than beakers or
Erlenmeyer flasks.

-Wash bottles are mainly

used to wash or rinse
various pieces of glassware
or plasticware in the
laboratory, they also have
less frequent uses such as
Wash Bottle
precisely filling volumetric
flasks. Wash bottles can
also be filled and used as
storage with numerous
solvents.
III. PROCEDURES
Preparation of Reagents
1.Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, 5N:
Dilute sufficient amount of concentrated laboratory grade H2SO4 to prepare a
desired volume of 5 N H2SO4.
2. Potassium antimonyl tartrate solution:
Dissolve 1.3715 g K(SbO)C4H4O6⋅ 1/2H2O in 400 mL distilled water in a 500-
mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume. Store it in a glass-stoppered bottle.
3. Ammonium molybdate solution:
Dissolve 20 g (NH4)6Mo7O24⋅ 4H2O in 500 mL distilled water. Store it in a
glass-stoppered bottle.
4. Ascorbic acid, 0.1M:
Dissolve 1.76 g ascorbic acid in 100 mL distilled water. The solution is stable for
about 1 week at 4°C.
5. Combined reagent:
Mix the above reagents in the following proportions for 100 mL of the combined
reagent: 50 mL 5N H2SO4, 5 mL potassium antimonyl tartrate solution, 15 mL
ammonium molybdate solution, and 30 mL ascorbic acid solution. Mix after
addition of each reagent. Let all reagents reach room temperature before they
are mixed and mix in the order given. If turbidity forms in the combined reagent,
shake and let stand for a few minutes until turbidity disappears before
proceeding. The reagent is stable for 4 h.
6. Stock phosphate solution:
Dissolve in distilled water 219.5 mg anhydrous KH2PO4 and dilute to 1000 mL;
1.00 mL = 50.0 μg PO43--P.
7. Standard phosphate solution:
Dilute 50.0 mL stock phosphate solution to 1000 mL with distilled water; 1.00 mL
= 2.50 μg P.
Experiment procedure:
a. Treatment of the Sample
1. Shake the water sample well
2. Pour 50 mL of water sample into an Erlenmeyer flask.
3. Add 1 drop phenolphthalein indicator. If a red color develops add 5 N H2SO4
solution dropwise to just discharge the color.
4. Add 8.0 mL combined reagent and mix thoroughly.
5. After at least 10 min but no more than 30 min, measure absorbance of each
sample at 880 nm, using reagent blank as the reference solution.
6. Repeat all procedures for two more trials.

b. Preparation of Standard Curve

1. Prepare individual calibration curves from a series of six standards within the
phosphate ranges. Use a distilled water blank with the combined reagent to
make
photometric readings for the calibration curve.
References
About Pipettes. (n.d.). Retrieved from Nichiryo:
https://www.nichiryo.co.jp/en/productline/pipette.html#:~:text=About%20Pipettes,)%2C
%20microliters%20(%CE%BCL).

Aspirator definition. (n.d.). Retrieved from YourDictionary: https://www.yourdictionary.com/aspirator

Erlenmeyer Flasks. (n.d.). Retrieved from Fisher Scientific:

https://www.fishersci.ca/ca/en/products/I9C8KCS4/erlenmeyer-flasks.html#:~:text=Erlenmeyer
%20flasks%20are%20used%20to,titrations%20and%20for%20boiling%20liquids.

Lab Oven. (n.d.). Retrieved from LabCompare: https://www.labcompare.com/General-Laboratory-

Equipment/47-Laboratory-Ovens-Laboratory-Furnaces-Lab-Oven/

Laboratory Safety & Lab Efficiency. (n.d.). Retrieved from LabPro:

https://labproinc.com/blogs/laboratory-safety-lab-efficiency/what-is-a-laboratory-wash-bottle-
and-its-uses

Measuring Cylinders. (n.d.). Retrieved from AlexRed:

https://alexred.co.il/en/home/lab-supplies/measuring-cylinders#:~:text=A%20Measuring
%20Cylinders%20%2F%20graduated%20cylinder,common%20laboratory%20flasks%20and
%20beakers.

Spectrophotometers. (n.d.). Retrieved from LabCompare:

https://www.labcompare.com/Spectroscopy/105-Spectrophotometers/#:~:text=Spectrophotom
eters%20measure%20light%20intensity%20as,compound%20in%20an%20aqueous%20solution.

Team, A. S. (10, August 2018). How to Use Volumetric Flasks. Retrieved from ANTYLIA SCIENTIFIC:
https://www.coleparmer.com/blog/2018/08/10/use-volumetric-flask/#:~:text=A%20volumetric
%20flask%20is%20lab,than%20beakers%20or%20Erlenmeyer%20flasks.