MECHANICAL WORKSHOP

SAFETY:
Laboratory safety is very important aspect during experimentation.
Without it, we could harm ourselves. Due to this very reason we
must have some knowledge and we must know some precautionary
measures which helps us to work in Mechanical workshop easily.

MEANING OF SAFETY:
There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For
example, home safety may indicate a building's ability to protect
against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc.),
or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances,
stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its inhabitants.
DEFINATION
“The condition of being safe from undergoing or causing
hurt, injury, or loss.”

Types of safety:
It is important to distinguish between products that meet standards,
that are safe, and those that merely feel safe. The
highway safety community uses these terms:

Normative safety:
Normative safety is achieved when a product or design meets
applicable standards and practices for design and
construction or manufacture, regardless of the product's
actual safety history.

Substantive safety:
Substantive or objective safety occurs when the real-world safety
history is favorable, whether or not standards are met.
Perceived safety:
Perceived or subjective safety refers to the users' level of comfort
and perception of risk, without consideration of
standards or safety history. For example, traffic signals
are perceived as safe, yet under some circumstances,
they can increase traffic crashes at an intersection.

Importance of Safety:
A serious workplace injury or death changes lives forever – for
families, friends, communities, and coworkers too. Human loss and
suffering is immeasurable. Occupational injuries and illnesses can
provoke major crises for the families in which they occur. In addition
to major financial burdens, they can impose substantial time
demands on uninjured family members. Today, when many families
are operating with very little free time, family resources may be
stretched to the breaking point.

 PURPOSE OF SAFETY
The purpose of safety is:
 To promote safety in beginners.
 To help beginners to face issues during work shop.
  Encourage safe work practices.
 To avoid mishaps.
 To help beginners to handle machines.

 ACCIDENTS
“An unexpected, incidental and unplanned event that result in
harm and damage.”

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS:
The causes are divided into two main categories:

 UNSAFE CONDITIONS
Unsafe conditions that causes accidents are:
  Naked wires
 Unsafely designed equipment
 Hot and noisy environment
 Slippery, rough, sharp or cracked surfaces
 Glare reflection and Inadequate light
 Insufficient space between machines
 Improper equipment
 Damaged machines
 Improper earthing

 UNSAFE ACTS
Following are the unsafe acts which lead to accidents:
 Operating without clearance
 Lack of concentration
 Horseplay e.g. distracting, teasing
 Unsafe method e.g. mixing, carrying,
 Broken glass wear
 Carelessness, Fatigue
  Operating at high speed
 Working without safety
 Shortcut, lack of confidence

 PERSONAL SAFETY
Personal safety is most necessary thing in the mechanical workshop.
Safety equipment are important for personal safety. Eyes and face
protection, clothing, gloves, fire blanket, lab coat and first aid box.
Workers need to be provided with protected equipment and safety
devices.

 SAFETY EQUIPMENT
Following are the safety equipment which ensures your personal
safety in workshop:
GOGGLES:
Goggles are worn to prevent injuries caused
by flying particle e.g. metal shaving, wooden
chips. Eye protection should also be worn
when performing these machine shops
operations, welding, cutting, grinding, sanding
etc.

FACE SHELD:
Face shields protect the face against dust, sparks etc. They are not
substitutes for goggles and safety devices.

EAR PLUGS :
Ear plugs is used against hearing loss which may be caused by
machine noise or noise being emitted from other sources.

SAFETY SHOES:
Safety shoes provided optimum grip on
surfaces. They protect toes and feet from
falling objects. They firm grip on surfaces help us to work easily on
slippery areas around machines.

GLOVES:
Gloves are worn to handle hot work pieces. They also
prevent us from cuts on finger by a sharp work piece.

FIRST AID BOX:

First aid box is the most necessary safety equipment. Every
workshop must have first aid box and every
worker should have knowledge about first aid box. In case of small
cuts and illness, by using first aid box, we can help the injured
worker.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES AND PRECAUTIONS:

 Follow all the written and verbal instruction of Technicians in

charge, carefully.
 Only operate the machine after informing the staff of the
Mechanical Workshop. Make sure someone else knows
that you are using the machine and is available in case of
emergency.
 Do not interrupt anyone when they are operating the
machine. Wait until they finish machining.
 Do not run in the workshop, it may cause severe accident.
Always be patient and never rush in the workshop.
 Use the appropriate speed for the bit.
 Always remove the chuck key after tightening the chuck to
avoid the chuck key from flying off during the start-up
which can cause serious injury or death.
 Report any defective equipment to the mechanical staff.
 The gangway through the workshop must be kept clear.
Any oil spillage, grease, must be cleaned immediately and
reported.
 Be prepared for the work in the laboratory.
 No rings, wrist watches, bracelets or jewelry that can get
caught in the equipment are allowed when using the machines.
 Reduce the temperature at the source by using the lowest
possible temperature for the industrial process.
 Increase the distance between the worker and the radiant
source.
 Reduce the conductive gain by using nonconductive materials
for the heat as wood for bundles of tool.