k

FTo (onlTol -7 To enjure h propos Seyuenainj and Sfe

dolanec ol hmes at h desination, qn aunowledjemen
nefNs.
ShouldA set JA oleydination
I Sondos 7e02ives a bositive aknodlede (AC) 1t meons
HA fcane has arnived sa/ely.
haf mears
aKnoWledpomen (Nalk) aníves
1anegatiie be
rame 1s oto
and A s ame
wron
Sans-thuny has qone
ve transmutled. ndud
ond
veainos's
sondoss and au
a i
A ime at ame
son /ome
6ut fon
numbesy
o h 6d returunsisijon-
vefonumusis
an cUshnfuh
olsHnflh
HIDo Sefuenu ceivos
Teceives
h e þas-
So fhat
imblnt
mo3F
mautanec AD
is ww on af
C ) Nalj. TRu
Nom olutie..

cdala ink layes macAina

anJasP

sendor is funn
S/s othoaily
s y
o7hoavil
When s/
-louw Cenrd 1á 6n
o
6
seeceei
ivvee
s 1
nnd
ol d tranwni)
pami,
mackis
tsill
Joadec NannutHei
light' is
en hem.
oo d c Macino atepr
eceivo
an Cooein paint HA

han -o af a
aler
10 s esapre franes a» the
yanbruS
h -to handle
Even be able
will SimblS t a s t t oAosi
Loso Some.
Som
evod fo NNA
asb
n Loil s ntoporlt d
anive mechandsm
a
lot Conb tanatfeA

lo revent -Ini, ejuesiny

lock, Calecl a bullel
6/ock, Catleclabu/el
mechanwam

a -Jeeclbak
Include neck mepy a
Prouned
ty
sujo of
until
ekonu dada
(miny
S / i n i jn veceivo
7Ceved fe h9 able to raive
b u l l o / Leyins
-foi ) up UI 1t
OCe un
p e e n u sion knaun a
halt 7echusI t
ransJU SI JO
Sondoi-f
osnmm
hmoSF CAKS)
Arlomaljc- Kepeal Kefuej l bese cn AR
Cnb1n pala Gnk layos CDLI)
y7 Cae
eolala in belos
fxtnsMid nc¢naulodjenonts
Losl fone Gj) losl
e
Dmajed o
 Elementar pecda link. Prslo/old e
be wyeel
Con bf
Can wecl olof
dateis inds ho -}h af bf wed
(an bf ed
Ve divdo As n o s Phal
hal (an
channels and
(ena- fhee) Prlords ia en
oSple
(yCalinj) channel T
osy ( Cno.

be ued in a l i , bak-}hoy
sone

Nnsele s ) Camd
ee ohanne
JAo o A noisy
a uncdos dendini

Fo Ndisele NOsY chan ney

CAqNNel

Simples) sp-and- wail- AKA

Stsp and- vaik
Co-BakN ARA
Selectne KepeatAka
navcal l e nelwotk, h olala lnk blocols au imbemonk d
a biire chonad,n TA SenR }ha qhRlasa framer tavels
4h sondo1, fo anatho% nado, Calle) vccives.
tm os nodo, Callod
Auhouh peciaram (allod ACk ancl Nas CanJlow i n t
obpo side ire chione /lod a end Conhd puspwr, elala
/(6L1n n o a divecdin.
a oee o nda Hhe neAE outsoin i
Gels
I ellect h ACK
echaijul Tos/xT ololayinj 6ulx iay
dala fam.
hhooked
ooKed rgrtoA
t o - o nex 6lt s)Y
/CK So - l h d Jhey (qn b
G nSYbackiaf
non
dala fba me
adaRuat
neorsati6n Lwad l (ocdoc/ wHh
\ h e s o ) aF
sIerso)aF
m AKQ Schom0, enable lolectio
e d u n c d a n E bih So a /o
end. Sondo
-A Teceivin dolecled, 1he rcoives ap J
Crod l wad.
c -Iho Pasdhccile
1nlosnntion
o d e / e waiE A byotyin
weal uJhere }hg epe cled em
AR Syplem l Channel ouW e -Ae (hannel
21aturg ersdal o
1 eliable.
 ebs in AKSCAukmadie- Kepeat Kasvest)
al sepr-
characdeiL ed ba fs dun chion
d
ARA (rsdscal
TYenopision tans wwrn Teceivet emd
feceiVeí end
nwwt
checcinf af h s
En
CNAK)
3. AcK Nos)ed pe sres i deleched
esta Aolecled CAcK)
)Ne Nesa-ve
dolecle (ACK)
oHive
i o ersd (NAI)
ls nefphe
eolpmenk ns.
acknoud]
if a siipuloted
o thin
hannussisn

y.
l Teceived
Ke
n o
Ack vo y
AK 5odotols Tequire
ma
1mna y bb noec haH h tanstef
ensfe inlegrain imblex
Communaton
eVem i

e. dns Way on in
Ttol
undire
chonad sendei
frsm
oirection-
It is a
Smplesrtacol> uatcly
on
CoImmeiaiely
in imme
avelinf Can
ha h eceivol
7 t c e i v e s
tha l
hos
pan
ooi y
h a

hich
dasa a
awume
tis
ths
We
I7th
layos
layo f
it Teceive b
bnnk
k onel
Teceive.

to ame Ts
T
hgaclefso
dala
dala
h
horame
r a m e ancl
handle n4n
handle nee l ible. fom
to b en V a c l e

be ThO
enoujh e m w e a

Small
m m e o i a l o y
nefe layol.
netwe lotyel,
T
Teec
g eiitto
o ils saela
h e dala
ackefto
site tets olala
hands H A S e n d o d

olada,
naye
af aul af \
A dala arame
layot, me KeD
site
1eceivo
nelwo th
tam i ink leyet af clata
t. dala etkack claba
ekact
Send
(a
Phyai(al layel,
layel,
me its Phy0)
from netwdlayo
layef.
eceive a rame
+he daba to ih nelwen
qnd lelives
rm- ame, hundo tTemnnjor
Sendo ancl reeivo
TA dalq linu layers af
nefwcAa aye , TN dasa link layets tu
Seiu enheir
mde heiy Phy cal luye (such
ad
Sern
SnSnaM malipe xi), qnd Jo an fe, Phyojta) fensnu sojsn b}
 eccivo7
endo
pelivos dadaNeli
Nem CGet daa\
Peaa nkK
Pak lin
Phsia.
Send ome
Kecoved
hyoica qne

poda tma)

Keque s- hnm Kepeat Jseved

Even New layes Mp.r eoivefsite

Reeat Haevei
NHchen rm
Event Pnusrca layed

doco) sith no f/ud ov

fot inpes
H7. To dejign
erid onrdl.
AI5on+hm f4 Sends-Side

Ke peat-testvef
. v i l e(4rue ) unh| an oyn
Wait Fatvont
(7; 71 S/eeb 7nese 13 a Yacke F
t o sond
2 Fio Send)//
CEvonr C kejues
3
Get Dala);|
Make Fsame C\, 1 Sencl ume.
Sendrane C1i 3)
s

Kecaivr
Si/e
Aonthn -l 7 Repehl tresy
IWule (11ue) an eronEocu
a I Fey
}1sfe elp unil
Evonti;
))//Pala fram aqaie
2.

3 Evon CAVal NA1J1(9}ion

Roccve hame()
Exraet Palac),
olasa + nehen layef.
Delivoj palac)) 1 Polives
Sends LBEeNed

equeor Tame
egue s me 9riva
rame
movey
Timc
 wait

Slqnd-Wait i ) Prohed> ujn shp-ard

ame, Shp>unhlit
&loedl,}ho Sondos Sends oU 7oahead)
ivo4kay to
fso7Aeco
CofimaJion have undirectiond
undirechonl
or
ceWo Jane,
e x t yrne
Mext
Je (s4Al
Sends1he but auxiliay ACK fam
Ack< a m
e-en but auxilia
olala ffame otht
fot havel -AI
lealjermonl)
ommun.ianlion

acKnod
okes e Keene
Delver cdela| N e t u
tinechio).
endoi

Gefca pala binu

Nwo

k GaK Phyoial
Kecej
Frarne
Send
hame Pala r a n e
husal Keceive

TUnle

- O ACK fsme

frsls4
Shb-necl wi
Vesign f
eclbaes

Jed -fe
JeeclbeCK

Lwaih fos
ancl waih Sender
ond fsame amln,
fh
Sonds
S o n d o d

+hACk
Whem twd fame
ecoive.
Sendin
tha
Ne evonh
end
Soncshe next home Sendo 1n aY

evon
seceive
jn two
u

A rce > mva

eyuwol
Arival
ro Nal /same

ACI
Anwal
ima
 Nois Channel

. cmd- Wait AK
5Hob-
> Ta nols (omU Corl
fecl n toandil, h s Yrcons
ONo
Channel. i a m e i olam
7A 7V
havdwa1C ( i dolect and (omeck
i l l be ol/i Cardsel
Teceivel, 1t
a olamaeed hone ei h a n u u - f h S m e frae afle
nd
thanm "e4 wnll
Deceiv apospe; aV lay
dala lnle
on

losr n d
hs ack horme
fyame get
Jeceiveel q n A , It
fvesrtually imes ouk, Not
hervinf
olarnafoel ane
elada fome n s bs
o
Aisume) Jhat i Triy clupitat
L q/ain
Sendihs f3ame onlinin þacket
aljo anives t dala n k layet o n ,thw n
ame Jaid e be.Jailec.
be oluplia7ed end Krslacsl t
ile o boicion
to faij Posblem
Sdlve
A tybial abpobach nwmbas in thi
hoadoa A meaje
SefuenLO
Ao Seuenw
umbes to
CanA heck e
T Teccivei
a duflia, Sine orly
Jinu
dofesmint t A meafe d
sanntlecl af m fime
meyei 4
aed onl}
f-b1t

Sondin and Teceioy Shatisn

T t a Manta Telaljonaij
alleynafiaf Sesuen o ool
saje qnd tks ACK/NAK.
o 9knorastlecd me in a me
ScheTR ta e d Where
A modulo 2 yn7
besin
Aabolled oth l , nd poSHive A Acc
a aHeraBinl
fovm ACK0 a n d AKI
C he
lhaF pames nucel
Specjie
S e queno NumboA-
Tho brda
ta cloau usI nJ Sefyeno um hA
lo be umbesecl. Thiy
dielcl 1 m mb Aons, tna Se_uenek
biAon, Se5len
we dtds 1at h -lnen a Tepealtd
Sask f06nn O 70 To - I , qnd
umbe
cK nGA| edyeme Numbetas T ACK U nmbe/ alay nns Una
1 na mbo e He nex ome expec by AR cCoivef. f ean
faho has aroiueel Sale anel Ssund, ceivef Seng) an PCK troane h
rame ,enbecie net).T/ freoge 1 hapinivecf jole' ed Ssuncd, +ak
9eK DmC uiAs Acico meintaf 13me o ld exied) ) .
 n Net hume
o nd toTec Evee

se ndo Pasa fwn Ae ram Keteive

Nelwk
getdl
New
Dda lin

hyalcaly
ane
pada fime

von Keques Irom

etus yef Keeatfoeye

Sendoy He
Rebeat fet
Timeou
ARo. o Sendelsihe
Even

NAiIaisn fran
NAioatign fran Lvot.|Phyaca lay a
ita loyed

h9: Desisn al st:b ancl WuF ARA PrAo

mech4U pmef e a
Ao sjnlesF
JEp-andwajt AR O i
Cenkl
Con ane f/o
foarne yhen frame
Senclei fsernsniky A
opmalhon arives a eceives tt cheeks -J clamfe q
-}ho sondod altrclinywile fronoutint
aenlediimes F fo
Inese lan b P opesalisns/ Shuadigna
asane Th ame ta (o3
Ng/ma Opoadisn 9b
T ACk i dolayod.
 NyNVASene Sn
Sendo Kecoivo
uea- oo o Frote o fn
0Lo]|o Amve
n

, Sn
Nnal ope
S Kejus oi|o1olLH rame L
71e Time-t oBD5. Los x
Fran 1C7esen) Kn
Sn
A CK O
sh
9la) dnaje fsone
SkF egueto//al> Frame o
.m ACKL
Time.a 161 Frameo C7esept X
Kn
Ava ACKL
Pis Cardycduplb at ~ne
Tjme
Tm
S fls diaramo Namal losk or damaje fram anc los) AK
x ln nsmal oherchsn tAa Sendol sends ome o n d lsaifs fet AeKi
A l reccivny c E T Sendo Scnd nerl fsamel and yut fos rh Acko
Ti spesatin ty sepeale Uua a times tsef b sondoy afles ea
is anutled, ih cuk mus be reccivec elet time exprew.
hen secoive eceive» -ts -/1ame ma found in dana geel oy losr
When
4 asolislardo buk Tetais Umbes When oloes nd-TeceiNe sendor

+ CK f etransau ks The S e faam.

Sondo dos n knJ Jhethe AR tsame
Y when a n acK Jasr, T e fononurs
Teceive, AH
Afey mef ex
Amef þirc,
exbiN +}A Sondod 7efononts
Asondo
4 Teceive c
eceCivec ecoivo,
receivet ha alrcady oeceived
1 Same þane. nfAe ofne hand,
-hi ectlies henehR Secncl Capy o
rome ome if clistarded.
Delayed AcenasledemeoTAs A {hame may be colayecl odue to
ünK dblern. T ACK deceivec) afref f timer id exbne
Somo
alrtad 7 r a n U M e c f e Jemme pqme . Afain
Wle Sendo1 has
Secmcd /leK aialed Teceive fet Hu veton nuHad home,
7 avad duflajn t u NeK
hene -f SeCmd Ack l c arcded.
mus b uinmbéred
AK - pelayecf Neki
pis (cirled mej j Cclecf rame
AIS
 Slidin Windo frotacols-
yoca) mulli}le
Windoud dala sme a n be hono qutne
Jslidin ofindndual olala fams
othoul- waiin ef Acks
CesdInuoUaly be (avA af Ao
method
Londod,s
Tus ls Callod a s sidUnf
Pslacd nuumbeip in
hohoados
ued-Ho sychsni2e 1hO Seninf seuen
winelad h a f
send'nf
mainlaiss a
n iHr'nf slation Sueno
wrth -heive c o i v i n { w i n d o w
-A02wmbe4 a l m e Jpafes
inddaos maintuM
a

umbosas. T eceiinf sJerdio

Cosmblemosnteary funchoua.
ha bes/esm sesuenw
iumbbf far Ih
Camies a Callod
olata ae toindou I&
a f a m e s in
ath

J umb each
each
elondyiation.
Valu iv Seven. A (4by eef
Capy
Londas SiLe. Hs typical
in windoud 4ill Hs
relained
ammuted fsame ia
ACk noslecdjecd.
siven
L lala fone
SqUenun
wwiba/ af franes: u m b e f ofumbot
ac fixecd
dixecl
t3 a bbinary
a inar
Lwlich
umbes
CeSUena
a bik uYmmhhe
er nf Seheme
1i)n sheme
etw
Te
tw
o o bj
2 psm 0. to21-7
be 0.to1-7
Sesuenu
ould a k y fsm
SHadrs
S
Caun nen afan the oindao,
nd
Caunhfr
0 fo 3 musF be Debeal ed
Lnin

wmho1
fuence
No e 346,7
1,2, 3,, s 6, 7, 0,l2
ernd Wait lraas Sond» has
0 - a e k N AR-A
in shp
nut ed. Bu
ACK nen nexi rame
i t
to u t evoy utnsu
Con be rawoutled
AKA, W feme
n - -1Back-N trenonutled fveme l
Ack. A each eeh
(o e
watiny a e ceMed.
maintaineclu Tdil TespeetNe HeK
Se nel y îndos b

13)iuO2131u0e1710
strn Sntul ndK-
11 13 13) ran cs -lhar
nCLnouledj Acknale clsd bus n&
Yeceiv« fssmPhes lje Gnnt be Jonn
Sencd inedo affar Slieltn n
131 1l o|213)y)J 218) 1)1) (]123 o 2
S Sad n d d , h » t olul an:inl a m e Jn a S e d indso neal rome tu b i o n Site ume lau inte
 Cnhd Vadades -
vanahle.
wh 1Aree difle co
S n d o y lcalb
uIb°f Tecoaly Soaf pqne
S Suono
ojndo
ol laol me jn
S equeme ruoho/
Gme t e
sonF
ne
SL Sf +1

W9-0tl=
Kecive VgiablR
Seyen Mo. affreme expecled
N s i ma ope (aisn Conr&l va nable
Ja Conlrl Vanale
Sen dod Sonds cnes n e updati
nelTeceivef updals nahle.

Co S f S Su
Send Kec0N
A
e123612/37

Ae K

O2323] frame1
ACK- K
E3237
foime 2
oI230T72
K
/e

HJ: Go -Back-N ARa, Nams dpershba

Damaso o los fame

n d if vecoive Teceiue fpanL
i
Su ome 2 d damaecl olka
pomez
J o n d n repanu ts
s istaristandod sin it io expecteN7 peme .

eane a n 3, Sendo Keccne

oDP9)3 faane 2
123/o)1EJ3
rame 3
n2214/1)217
same 2 ehon ravite
e rame? Ll>< olysardo
Sinueme 2 3 not Teceivg
AeKZ

2/3o 1213 Tram Tetranymit/e)

11236)23T
R

h1 -Bac1 N, Damajed
 3
uyee fo oveslomd tke ine}/icien
ac- N ARA, meind t do rtinue
and wui ARO b allowin he n uHE
sto channel is k ebF busyY
S o t h a t Hha
Senclin enouh me_ if
ACE. m hij netnod,
wile transrnstol wai s .o a Sent finu
oAosr, all hame»
gme danafec Tenannmitled.
aI
anouledjed
h las me
KepmsusSi) offrame
befin ho.

s e p 3 4 6 3 / 4 s | l 2 | 3 -

2 34 s 6 2 / 3 4 / s / 6 T 7 / 8

DisGretoel
Kecive

edeched
Syem
S))Jam

N
A RA
-
S o
ocvisu S )om i - h a t the

-Jhi) and neat

belween
Majd
dHofonu th amu
IA
Sinna a nt
je AeK aoiB doer
SCnddser nd wajl
Corntouoly
a Lony
-As m e
e, ton uts }A ne fadive nek noull.edctmea
NAK SIfMau, NAK is NH#T, When
oecoNe eIna
<}h secaive fo receve/ Send
oFko recelve Sondb
Si9na Spad d 7 uu,,
aa"essd ni T r pasUtHef has
Deciv/ololect
PACO, Cy fhet
tima, h NOX
back to Tecottiom
CNA1 Sinas s
u t a y?.
on

bnsnutled fpqme t
Sonal homaited

inbodupd, if
ti

>oUTa ErsdY Th Cna an Tel,

m e a danmafed od laj,
 OrHon Uhen tA foame l l a a ja

Sondod
Xeceive

Dad 1
Da2 tmo olu tu clamafecdhoa
7

D Cardd ogmar
Kehanmiled
a 2-
Ke maHed KepannnHed Joms
Daa 3
RhaxMted.. pa y

G0-bac n Dormasee Dea fone).

Ccnd daa hgme olamajod, So dhe C s la carlad

qnd ecoive Senel NAK-2 Sifna ban. cn Decoi4u Sinal
hyeanins/ sad Tesga d i n om m e 2. 1 ponestecci
a l l panez as os(ardod b hreeeives.

Opeahsn When a rome les.

Sondon
Keg
doen n eoivV«
aadculai dala
sca Sondaa
NAK o tu
DPG.dfome hanita ancl h
nH/vehnows
NONL ali oaan son)
DAGd
Sinut
. L H «knauledyod.
last bi
Kehono-)
mim
Pa 2-

5bach. n, losr Pads. Poans

 s hn Whon -}ho Aekowledgmenk 14 last

Cax e c c - n methal, Hho tenoaite cloe nl-etect-

c anuslednnonk afles evor dala pame, ff Cannt u s e
abjnu seothal nck uumbad tu idenily last nek
NAK mor, insle ad 14 ue a ting.l trsnitls (ean Soncd
an
a many fprms a t selod alladi be|ore Laihy Ja
Teacdocl o h
ACrnsledjanonk. NA lmot han bon
ait i
ono t o ranpnj- A La
homaia ha foonn qain,
claia
qndse cmsuk all A
o ins
T dad verikzje o-bacK n
AK a3 faghcio h a k jn naisy
channds, h a Pe efhGonty baur al Taoel to s 2

HA m e 1n ena a t a l Suhseqwn an
Kaeeiva

Dor eH

Da -

Tin ja
Crauobeel

7nmits
7+ don n* veceive
tscm jaemio Coniauo-ol a lsnj a»

t NA sjnas,
SSns tino to
e a á As Pndo,
NAK
T NAK Sfnal ales
T Ahd, tino Sondol han dreadey Sent Sans oms,
Al 4howlbe eheroNHe d a/lay seceiny ta NAk.
n 6d Cenn Set inoelucod it Ahe NAK r loit
(N)
Sdoche Kceal- R . r-Speciheed elomeyed cf
A Selechve kobea sona d/lOk
nsntn
Sleoinays
n d is Qlis
*cie Scain
(om do dala pons
T has ben
ble sBoe p?ms decived allya er NAK
ha» ben Depaud
sen uni+A damajed focrma
Ain aSeaCAiny me charsm
T hornsty nuo DGWied

ha
dha allss t A incl Cinc selcch only f

wndad se in i medhod is l e s hanc

7 4 b s n, t 112
efuasto (nt)/2, oheeas in Cas

) ays6/38l
nly be-3 De)pononslid)

eae