Forms of Citation

 There are various styles or formats used to cite sources, but there are only to forms citation:

1. In-text citation requires the writer to cite the details of the reference used in a certain part of
his /her work within them work itself. The format of in-text citations varies per style.

Example (APA style)

Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on communication in non-internet and internet relationships
mediated by FtF, phone or email modalities found that the frequency of each modality’s use was
significantly linked to the strength of the particular relationship (Cummings et al.,2002).

2. Reference citation- refers to the complete bibliographic entry of a reference used by the
writer: this appears in the reference list found at the last part of the paper:

Example (APA style):

Reference

Cummings, J.N., Butler, B., &Kent, R. (2002). The quality of online social
relationships.Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108

Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V,. & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM:

Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of

Computer – Mediated Communication, 10, 38-48.

Style Guides

 These citations are governed by rules of style and structure , which are generally published as
style guides or manuals:

1. The Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)

2. The Modern Language Association Style Guide (MLA)

3. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

4. American Medical Association Manual of Style (AMA)

5. The Chicago Manual Style

Style Guide Discipline

APA Psychology, education, nursing, hotel and restaurant management, business,
economics, and other social sciences
MLA Literature, arts, and humanities
IEEE engineering
AMA Medicine health sciences, and other natural sciences
Chicago Humanities, reference books, non-academic periodicals (eg., newspapers,
magazines, journals, among others)