SCIENCE 8

Name: ___________________________ Learning Module 6

Gr.& Section: _____________________
Put A Spark In It! – Electricity
FIRST - QUARTER

What is this module all about?

During dark times, who would be your friend to see the light? What would your life be like without
electricity? Have you ever wondered how electricity is produced? This module will explain the relationship
between current and charge and how it is related to the production of electricity. In addition, the concepts of
electricity will be explained in this learning material.
The following topics are included in this module:
1. current and charge, and
2. advantage and disadvantages of series and parallel connections at home

What are you going to learn?

In this module, you are expected to meet the following competencies:
1. infer the relationship between current and charge; and
2. explain the advantages and disadvantages of series and parallel connections in homes

Pre-Test:
Before we proceed with the lesson, let us test your prior knowledge about the topic in this module.
Read the directions carefully and answer the test below.

Matching Type. Directions: Match the definitions in Column A with the specific terms in Column B. Write
the letter of the correct answer before each number.
Column I Column II
1. It is the negatively charged particle of an atom. A. ampere
2. It refers to the flow of electrons from one end to the other. B. cell
3. It is a force of attraction or repulsion in an electric field. C. charge
4. It is the amount of charge passing through a material. D. current
5. It refers to the positively charged particle of an atom. E. electricity
6. It is the opposition a material offers to current. F. electron
7. It is the energy needed to make electrons flow. G. neutron
8. It is the most common type of energy in an electrical circuit. H. ohm
9. It is the SI unit for current . I. proton
10. It is the SI unit for resistance. J. resistance
K. voltage
Refer to the Answer Key on the last page of this module to check your answers.

Day 1: Atom, Current and Charge (Synchronous Session)

Look at your surroundings! What are the things that you can see? All these things are what we call
matter. The matter is made up of atoms. Did you know that inside an atom, there are very important subatomic

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particles that can produce electricity? The activity below will make you familiar with what we can find inside
an atom and how it is related to electricity.

Concept Notes and Illustrations:

Three subatomic particles of an Atom:

Neutron – It is the subatomic particle that bears neither a positive nor a negative
charge. It means that this subatomic particle carries no charge.

Proton – It is the subatomic particle that carries a positive

charge.

Neutrons and Protons join together to form the nucleus,

the central part of the atom.

Electron – It is the subatomic particle that carries a negative charge. This

subatomic particle moves around the nucleus of the atom. The number of electrons
is always equal to the number of protons. This would make an atom neutral.

A charged particle has a force of attraction or repulsion in an electric field. When electrons are loosely
held in an orbit, they will be attracted to other charges and will flow or pass to another atom. When these
electrons are quickly passed from one end of the material to the opposite end, it produces electricity. The
flow of charges or electrons through a material is what we called current.

Current and charge:

https://www.quora.com/How-
does-electricity-travel-along-a-
wire-Does-it-pass-through-the-
inside-of-the-wire-or-along-the-
outside-of-the-wire

Conductors such as copper wires allow easy flow of electrons. When a copper wire is connected to
both ends of a battery, the electrons from the negative end of the battery will be attracted to the positive end
of it. Electrons will flow through a conductive material such as copper wires to reach the opposite side of
the battery. These electrons are the charges that flow and the amount of charges flowing in a material is the
current.

Watch the video – Charge and Current- What is Electricity? - from your flash drive or through the
links given for a better understanding of the topic.
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9cYs7M7DbI

Exercise no. 6.1

A. Directions: Based on the parts elaborated in the concept notes, draw the atomic structure and label
each part properly. (5 points)

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 B. Directions: Answer the following in 1-2 sentences. (3 points)
1. What kinds of electrical charges do protons, neutrons, and electrons have?

2. What does it mean if an entire atom has a neutral charge?

3. What do you think will be the charge of an atom if it has more protons than electrons?
Explain your answer.

4. What do you think will be the charge of an atom if it has more electrons than protons?
Explain your answer.

C. Directions: Answer the question in not more than three (3) sentences. (5 points)
What is the relationship between current and charge? Explain your answer using the illustration below.

Day 2: Factors that Affect the Current of Electricity (Asynchronous Activity)

We figured out in the previous lesson that loosely held electrons transfer from one atom to another and
it produces electricity. Current is produced or generated when these electrons flow from the opposite sides of a
material due to the attraction of charges. It is important to know that because of charges that flow in a material,
electricity is produced. In the next lesson, you will discover different things that can affect the current of your
electricity.

Concept Notes
Current is the flow of charge in a material. The SI unit of current is Ampere (A) named after the French
scientist and mathematician Andre Marie Ampere. In symbols,
I= q/t
where I is the current in ampere, q is the charge in coulombs, and t is the time in seconds. This
shows that 1 A = 1C/s or for every current there is 1 charge flowing per second in a material.

Some materials offer different amounts of resistance that decrease the current while voltage can be
added to increase the current.

A. Resistance – It is the opposition a material offers to the flow of charge or current through it. The SI
unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).

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 Factors Affecting Resistance of a Material:
Some factors affect the resistance of an object. These can be the following:
a. Cross-sectional area – The perfect analogy for this is the road. The wider the road, the lesser
the traffic. Thus, it makes the cars move more freely. In electricity, the wider the material, the
more electrons can move freely and have less resistance.
b. Length – An increase in length will also increase the resistance of a material.
c. Kind of material and temperature – Resistance varies with temperature. As the
temperature increases, resistance for conductors also increases while resistance for insulators
decreases.

B. Voltage – It is the amount of energy needed to move a charge from one point to another. The unit of
voltage is represented by a capital letter V. It is usually referred to as the “push energy” of the
charges in a current. The source of voltage in an electric circuit is usually a cell with a standard
symbol shown in the table.

Cells are usually the source of energy in an electric circuit. Cells that cannot be recharged are called
primary cells while those that are rechargeable are called the secondary cell.

Source: teachengineering.org

Current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. In other

words, if we increase the voltage, then the current will increase. But, if we increase the resistance, the
current will decrease.
The relationship among current, voltage, and
resistance is described by Ohm’s Law and is usually
represented as:

To better understand the topic, watch the video Ohm’s Law from your flash drive or this link.
Source link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldNPl67x-E8

Activity no. 6.1

Time started:______
Time finished:______

Note: Copy and answer on a Learning Activity Sheet.

A. Experiment. Directions: Perform the simple experiment below.

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 1. Using a garden hose, let the water flow out. (If you do not have a garden hose, you may use a straw
and put it on a faucet)
2. Turn the faucet slightly, observe the flow of water.
3. Turn the faucet fully, observe the flow of water.
4. Try to bend the hose or straw, restrict the flow of water using your finger. Observe the flow of
water.
5. Make an analogy of how electricity behaves using water flowing through a garden hose or straw.
Draw it on a separate sheet of paper and label your representations properly.

B. Directions: Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

1. How do current, resistance, and voltage relate to the garden hose?

2. What can affect the flow of charges in a material?

3. What causes charge to flow?

4. Describe the flow of charges when resistance is increased.

Day 3: Parallel and Series Circuits (Synchronous Session)

For detailed explanation, watch the following videos from your flash drive or the links given below.
1. Electric Circuits – Series and Parallel For Kids- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=js7Q-r7G9ug
2. The Power of Circuits #sciencegoals - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOFp8bHTN30

Concept Notes:

Parallel Circuit is a circuit having more than one current path connected to a common voltage source.
Series Circuit is a circuit that contains more than one piece of electrical apparatus connected one after
another in a single line.

For detailed explanation, refer to your book Exploring Life Through Science Series, 2nd Edition The
New Grade 8 on pages 98-99.
Illustration:

Example of Series Circuit Example of Parallel Circuit

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 Exercise no. 6.2
Directions: Using the pictures below, rearrange the materials by drawing them on your learning activity
sheet to show how the bulb lights up.
http://clipart-library.com/battery-
cliparts.html
http://search.coolclips.com/m/vec
tor/vc040705/speaker-wire/
https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/72900/
72912/72912_edison_bulb.htm

Day 4: More on Series and Parallel Connections (Asynchronous Activity)

Activity no. 6.2

Time started:______
Time finished:______

A. Directions: Watch the video – Advantages and Disadvantages of Series and Parallel Connections
Science 8 – from (10:33 to end)- from this link. - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RV9rHkyGB5Q

B. Directions: Explore the different types of circuits by using Phet Interactive Simulation. Access this
link to perform the activity: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-
dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html

C. Directions: Read and answer the following questions in one or two sentences. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you think would happen if only one side of the battery is connected to the bulb?

2. What flows inside the copper wire when connected to both ends of the battery and bulb?

3. What refers to the flow of these charges inside the copper wire?

4. What is produced when these charges flow from your battery to your bulb?

5. Why do electrons flow when both ends of the battery are connected to a wire and bulb?

C. Directions: Answer the following questions in not more than five (5) sentences.
What do you think is the appropriate connection to be used in our homes? Why do you say so? Explain
your answer.

Day 5: Reflective Journal (Synchronous Session)

Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow in not more than five (5) sentences.

During the dark times, who would be your friend to see the light? With the flick of a finger, each one
of us depends on electricity to be our friend that could help us see light and be comfortable in our everyday
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 life. As a friend, it is always there to bring you comfort, convenience, and entertainment. Life would be harder
without electricity to heat, cool, and light our homes, and to operate our appliances and tools.
What would your life be like without electricity? Cite a specific example of what would happen if
electricity did not exist.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Post- Test
Let us test what you have learned after accomplishing this module. Read the directions and answer
the test below.
KNOWLEDGE
A. Directions: Identify the word that best describes each given statement. Choose the answers from the word
bank below.
electron current voltage resistance electricity

1. It is produced when electrons are quickly passed from one end of the material to the opposite end.
2. It is a subatomic particle that flows through a material.
3. It opposes the flow of charge through a material.
4. It is the energy needed for charges to flow from one point to another.
5. It is the flow of charges.
B. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
6. Why do electrons flow from one atom to another?
A. Electrons can travel everywhere.
B. Loosely held electrons are attracted to other atoms.
C. Electrons have no specific position in an atomic structure.
D. Strongly held electrons can pass through other atoms.

7. What do you think will happen to the electrical current if resistance increases?
A. Current will be doubled.
B. Current will also increase.
C. Current will be decreased.
D. Current will stay the same.

8. Which is NOT an analogy for resistance?

A. the flow of traffic in a tollway
B. a toll gate in an expressway
C. traffic lights that make vehicles stop every minute
D. traffic enforcers checking every vehicle that passes by

9. What does it mean when current is directly proportional to voltage?

A. When the voltage increases, the current increases.
B. When the voltage decreases, the current increases.
C. When the voltage increases, the current stays the same.
D. When the voltage decreases, the current stays the same.
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 10. Which do you think is the best reason why voltage is called “the needed energy to move
charges”?
A. Energy allows electrons to move.
B. Voltage is needed to have electricity.
C. Voltage pushes the electrons to flow.
D. Energy is needed by the electrons to be attracted to positive charges.

PROCESS
C. Directions: Read and analyze the question and answer it in not more than five (5) sentences.
If you are to choose the type of connection for your own house, what will it be? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubrics
Criterion 5 4 3 2 1
Content Gives a very clear Gives a clear Gives a clear Gives a somewhat Fails to give a clear
answer/explanation and answer/explanation answer/explanation clear answer/explanation
shows very neat work and shows neat work but with erasures. answer/explanation but shows effort

You are done with Module 6. Congratulations! You made it!

For clarification, don’t hesitate to consult your teacher.

Answer Key
Here are the answers to the pretest. Please look at this part only after accomplishing the test. Honesty
is STILL the best policy. Please check your answers and determine how much knowledge you have attained.
10. H 9. A 8. B 7. K 6. J
5. I 4. D 3. C 2. E 1. F

How many items did you get correctly?

Get ready to learn more in the next learning module!

Note: No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any
means without the prior written permission of the author.